In Indonesia, district is the third-level administrative subdivision, below regency or city.[1][2][3][4] The local term kecamatan is used in the majority of Indonesian areas. The term distrik is used in provinces in Papua. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the term kapanewon is used for districts within the regencies, while the term kemantren is used for districts within Yogyakarta, the province's only city.[5] According to Statistics Indonesia, there are a total of 7,252 districts in Indonesia as at 2019, subdivided into 83,820 administrative villages (rural desa and urban kelurahan). An average number of districts in the provinces of Indonesia is 190 districts, with an average area of 262 km2 (101 sq mi).[6]

During the Dutch East Indies and early republic period, the term district referred to kewedanan, a subdivision of regency, while kecamatan was translated as subdistrict (Dutch: onderdistrict).[7] Following the abolition of kewedanan, the term district began to be associated with kecamatan which has since been directly administered by regency. Mainstream media such as The Jakarta Post,[8][9][10] Kompas,[11][12][13] and Tempo[14][15][16][17] use "district" to refer to kecamatan; however machine translation services like Google Translate often incorrectly uses "district" to refer to regencies instead.

Definition

District office of Gabuswetan, Indramayu Regency, West Java

District in Indonesia is the third-level administrative subdivision, below regency or city (second-level) and province (first-level). According to the Act Number 23 of 2014, district is formed by the government of regency or city in order to improve the coordination of governance, public services, and empowerment of urban/rural villages.[18] District head is a career bureaucrat position directly appointed by regent or mayor. The local district term kecamatan is used in the majority of Indonesian areas, with camat being the head.

During the Dutch East Indies and early republic period, the term district referred to kewedanan, a subdivision of a regency. Kewedanan itself was divided into kecamatan, which was translated as subdistrict (Dutch: onderdistrict).[7] Following the abolition of kewedanan, the term district began to be associated with kecamatan which has since been directly administered by regency. In English-language dictionary, subdistrict means "a division or subdivision of a district", hence the translation of kecamatan as subdistrict is no longer precise since the absence of kewedanan as district.[19][20] The 1982 publication of Statistics Indonesia translated kecamatan as district.[21]

With the release of the Act Number 21 of 2001 on the Special Autonomous of Papua Province, the term distrik was used instead of kecamatan in the entire Western New Guinea.[22] The difference between the two is merely the naming, with kepala distrik being the district head. It was later followed in 2019 by another autonomous province, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, where kecamatan was replaced with kapanewon and kemantren. Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, the region's governor and the monarch of Yogyakarta Sultanate, issued Gubernatorial Decree Number 25 of 2019, which restored the old naming convention for the region's subdivisions. Kapanewon (a subdivision of regency) is headed by a panewu, while kemantren (a subdivision of city), is headed by a mantri pamong praja.[5]

List of districts

Districts by provinces Number of districts
as of 2022[6]
List of districts of Aceh 289
List of districts of North Sumatra 450
List of districts of West Sumatra 179
List of districts of Riau 169
List of districts of Jambi 141
List of districts of South Sumatra 241
List of districts of Bengkulu 129
List of districts of Lampung 228
List of districts of the Bangka Belitung Islands 47
List of districts of the Riau Islands 76
List of districts of Jakarta 44
List of districts of West Java 627
List of districts of Central Java 576
List of districts of the Special Region of Yogyakarta 78
List of districts of East Java 666
List of districts of Banten 155
List of districts of Bali 57
List of districts of West Nusa Tenggara 117
List of districts of East Nusa Tenggara 309
List of districts of West Kalimantan 174
List of districts of Central Kalimantan 136
List of districts of South Kalimantan 153
List of districts of East Kalimantan 103
List of districts of North Kalimantan 55
List of districts of North Sulawesi 171
List of districts of Central Sulawesi 175
List of districts of South Sulawesi 311
List of districts of Southeast Sulawesi 222
List of districts of Gorontalo 77
List of districts of West Sulawesi 69
List of districts of Maluku 118
List of districts of North Maluku 116
List of districts of Central Papua 132
List of districts of Highland Papua 252
List of districts of Papua 118
List of districts of South Papua 74
List of districts of West Papua 86
List of districts of Southwest Papua 132
Total 7,252

References

  1. ↑ Anggraini, Yusniah (2017). "Implementation Policy of Supervision of Employee Task Office of Cipocok Jaya Districts, Serang City, Banten Province". Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia). Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  2. ↑ Gevisioner, Gevisioner (2013). "Strategi Pembangunan Berbasis Masyarakat di Kecamatan Perbatasan Negara di Provinsi Riau". Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia). Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  3. ↑ "Luas Wilayah Menurut Kecamatan di Kabupaten Bekasi, 2017". Statistics Indonesia. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  4. ↑ "Stunting Handling in Indonesia is Appreciated by The World Bank President". Ministry of Finance (Indonesia). 7 April 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  5. 1 2 Muryanto, Bambang (3 December 2019). "Yogyakarta to restore archaic administrative naming convention". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  6. 1 2 Statistik Indonesia 2021 [Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2021]. Statistics Indonesia. February 2021. p. 47. ISSN 0126-2912.
  7. 1 2 Moehadi, Drs; Pratitis, Dra Titi; Mulyono, Drs; Priyanto, Drs Supriyo; Galba, Drs Sindu (January 1, 1988). "Dampak Modernisasi Terhadap Hubungan Kekerabatan di Daerah Jawa Tengah". Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan – via Google Books.
  8. ↑ Staff (4 October 2011). "Tangerang districts want to split from regency". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  9. ↑ Staff (27 June 2015). "Greater Jakarta: Districts in Bogor face drought". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  10. ↑ Gunawan, Apriadi (28 October 2019). "Thousands forced to live in tents as floods hit 11 districts in North Sumatra". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  11. ↑ Fajriansyah, Adrian (4 May 2017). "Muddy and Deadly Road in Sepucuk-Cengal". Kompas. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  12. ↑ Sucipto; Harto, Ambrosius (29 August 2019). "Hope Springs in Sepaku". Kompas. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  13. ↑ Octavia, Vina (25 October 2017). "Gisting Bawah Villagers Driven to Improve Lives". Kompas. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  14. ↑ "President Inaugurates Pertamina US$ 5.8 Billion Mega Project". Tempo. August 2, 2015.
  15. ↑ Bhwana, Petir Garda (November 14, 2019). "Two Active Grenades Found in Pangkep Gas Station". Tempo.
  16. ↑ Arkyasa, Mahinda (September 7, 2019). "Grab Operates in Danau Toba, Supports Wonderful Indonesia". Tempo.
  17. ↑ Arkyasa, Mahinda (October 26, 2019). "Densus 88 Arrest Suspected Terrorist in Cileungsi, Bogor". Tempo.
  18. ↑ "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah". Law No. 23 of 2014 (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council.
  19. ↑ "Definition of subdistrict | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com.
  20. ↑ Wallerstein, Immanuel (1966). Social Change the Colonial Situation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 276. ISBN 978-0471918974.
  21. ↑ "Jakarta Dalam Angka: Statistical Year Book of Jakarta". Kantor Sensus dan Statistik D.K.I. Jakarta. January 28, 1982 – via Google Books.
  22. ↑ "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus Bagi Provinsi Papua". Law No. 21 of 2001 (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council.
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