SCRIPT,[1] any of a series of text markup languages starting with Script[2][3] under Control Program-67/Cambridge Monitor System (CP-67/CMS) and Script/370[4] under Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) and the Time Sharing Option (TSO) of OS/VS2; the current version, SCRIPT/VS,[5][6][7] is part of IBM's Document Composition Facility (DCF)[8] for IBM z/VM and z/OS systems. SCRIPT was developed for CP-67/CMS by Stuart Madnick[1][9] at MIT, succeeding CTSS RUNOFF.

SCRIPT is a procedural markup language. Inline commands called control words, indicated by a period in the first column of a logical line, describe the desired appearance of the formatted text. SCRIPT originally provided a 2PASS option to allow text to refer to variables defined later in the text, but subsequent versions allowed more than two passes.

History

In 1968 "IBM contracted Stuart Madnick of MIT to write a simple document preparation ..."[10][1] to run on CP/67.[11] He modeled it on MIT's CTSS RUNOFF.[12][13] In 1974, William Dwyer at Yale University ported the CP-67 version of Script to the Time Sharing Option (TSO) of OS/360 under the name NSCRIPT.[14] The University of Waterloo rewrote and extended NSCRIPT as Waterloo SCRIPT,[15] also in 1974, making it available for free to CMS and TSO users for several releases before eventually charging for new releases.

By 1978, IBM's Script/370, running on VM/CMS, had evolved into Document Composition Facility (DCF),[16] supporting SCRIPT/VS on CMS, DOS/VS, OS/VS1 and OS/VS2, and supported the IBM 3800.[10] In addition, there was a PC/MS-DOS version called SCRIPT/PC.[17]

Native SCRIPT control words

Native Script control begin with a period and have a space prior to operands. They normally begin in column 1, but you may code multiple control words, separated by semicolons, on a single line.

The description and table below refer to selected control words in DCF; older versions are similar.

SCRIPT allows space units in control words to be specified in a number of units including inches, centimeters, millimeters, picas, ciceros, m-spaces, or device units (pels at the current device resolution). Vertical space units are assumed to be lines unless otherwise specified.

control wordfunctionexample
.spInserts blank vertical space.sp 1Inserts one blank line
.ceCenters following lines.ce 2Centers the following two lines on the current page or column
.ezControls EasyScript.ez P foo barStarts paragraph with text foo bar; equivalent to &P.foo bar after .ez on
.imImbeds a file at the current location.im BLRPLTInserts the file 'BLRPLT SCRIPT'
.juTurn on/off justify mode.ju onRequests that subsequent lines be justified
until .ju off is encountered
.rhSpecify running head information.rhIdentify following lines as running head
until .rh off is encountered
.dfDefine a named font.df examp type('Century Schoolbook' 10 light)Specifies attributes for font named 'examp'.
.bfSpecify font for following text.bf title'title' is the name of a font identified by a .df control word.
.seAssigns a value to a variable symbol.se month = JanuaryAssigns a value to the variable &month that will replace every subsequent occurrence of &month in the input text until &month is redefined.

SCRIPT macros

Script includes a facility for user-defined macros and for automatically reading a profile containing macro definitions and other commands. Several packages for semantic tagging, including GML and EasyScript, are built on top of this facility.

Generalized Markup Language

IBM's Generalized Markup Language (GML) is a descriptive markup layer describing the logical structure of a document. Both SCRIPT/VS and the GML Starter Set are part of IBM's Document Composition Facility (DCF), used in the System/370 platform and successors. The tag sets of the BookMaster[18][19] and BookManager BUILD/MVS[20] products are built on a foundation of the GML Starter Set syntax and implementation.

The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is a descendant of GML. While DCF does not directly handle SGML, there is an SGML translator available as a separate product.

EasyScript

EasyScript is a set of macro definitions and profiles included with Script/370[21] Version 3[22][23][24] that implements a primitive version of GML. Tags are variables whose values have been set to control words, allowing multiple tags in a single line.

.ez on
&P.This is a paragraph.
&N1.First item
&N2.First subitem
&N2.Second subitem
&N1.Second item

is roughly equivalent to

This is a paragraph

  1. First item
    1. First subitem
    2. Second subitem
  2. Second item

GML Starter Set (GMLSS)

The GML Starter Set (GMLSS)[25][26] is a set of macro definitions and profiles that implements[27] a set of tags that has more of a semantic orientation than the raw Script/VS control words. Tags begin with a colon and end with a period, and may contain attributes between the name and the closing period; a line may contain multiple tags.

BookMaster

Bookmaster is an IBM product, "designed for high-volume in-house publishing applications", that extends the GML Starter Set of DCF. It consists of "a rich set of GML vocabulary for creating complex document layouts." Bookmaster runs under the z/VM and z/OS operating systems.[18]

BookManager

BookManager is a family of products for producing and reading online books. BookManager BUILD/MVS and BookManager BUILD/VM are layered on top of SCRIPT and BookMaster and can run on z/VM and z/OS.[28] Other BookManager BUILD products for generating text run on Linux, Windows or OS/2 and convert files produced by various word processors to BookManager format. BookManager Read products for viewing text run on a variety of systems. BookManager BookServer is a multi-platform system to "serve your electronic books to HTML browsers."[29]

BookManager electronic documents typically have filenames ending with the extension .BOO. IBM offers several no charge tools to work with and read BookManager documents including a reader/viewer called IBM Softcopy Reader.[30] An independent developer, Ken Bowling, created and released software that uses IBM's BookManager code libraries to convert BookManager documents to PDF.[31]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Stuart E. Madnick and Allen G. Moulton (1968) "SCRIPT, An Online Manuscript Processing System" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-09-12. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech, Vol. EWS-11, No. 2, pp. 92-100.
  2. ↑ CMS SCRIPT User's Manual. IBM. GH20-0860.
  3. ↑ "SCRIPT", Control Program-67/Cambridge Monitor System (CP-67/CMS) Version 3 Program Number 3600-05.2.005 User's Guide (PDF), First Edition, IBM, October 1970, pp. 143[127]–177[163], GH20-0859-0
  4. ↑ SCRIPT/370 Text Processing Facility Under Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) Program Description/Operations Manual Program Number 5796-PAF (PDF), First Edition, IBM, November 1972, SH20-1114-0
  5. ↑ DCF V1R4.0: SCRIPT/VS User's Guide. Third Edition. IBM. May 1999. S544-3191-02.
  6. ↑ DCF: SCRIPT/VS Language Reference. Eighth Edition. IBM. September 1998. SH35-0070-07.
  7. ↑ DCF V1R4.0: SCRIPT/VS Text Programmer's Guide, Eighth Edition, IBM, August 1999, SH35-0069-07
  8. ↑ Document Composition Facility and Document Library Facility General Information Program Numbers 5748-XX9 5748-XXE. Eleventh Edition. IBM. January 1991. GH20-9158-10.
  9. ↑ Charles F. Goldfarb (1996). "The Roots of SGML - A Personal Recollection". Archived from the original on 2012-12-20. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  10. 1 2 Hannotte, Dean (March 19, 1985). "Put Your Text In Top Form". PC Magazine. Ziff-Davis. 4 (6): 209–211, 213, 221 – via Google Books.
  11. ↑ Madnick, Stuart E.; Moulton, Allen (1968). "SCRIPT, An On-Line Manuscript Processing System". IEEE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech. 11 (2): 92–100. doi:10.1109/TEWS.1968.4322339. S2CID 51633921.
  12. ↑ "What does sCrIPT mean?". SCRIPT was developed for CP-67/CMS by Stuart Madnick at MIT, succeeding CTSS RUNOFF.
  13. ↑ "History of UNIX Manpages". 1967: SCRIPT (Stuart Madnick). In 1967, Madnick ported the RUNOFF code to the IBM CP67/CMS at IBM as SCRIPT. The documentation of SCRIPT explicitly ...
  14. ↑ User's Guide and Catalog of Programs (PDF). SHARE PROGRAM LIBRARY AGENCY. 1977. p. 24. 360D-03.5.008.
  15. ↑ Introduction to SCRIPT, University of Waterloo Computing Centre, November 29, 1978
  16. ↑ Document Composition Facility: User's Guide Program Number S748-XX9 (PDF) (first ed.), July 1978, SH20-9161-0
  17. ↑ SCRIPT/PC, Personal Computer Productivity Series, vol. Book 1 How to Use (First ed.), January 1984, 1502414
  18. 1 2 "5688-015 IBM Host Publishing Systems BookMaster R4". IBM United States Sales Manual. IBM. 5 August 2008. 5688-015. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
  19. ↑ "BookMaster V1R4.0 Bookshelf product on Printing and Publishing CD". IBM.
  20. ↑ "BookManager READ/MVS and BUILD/MVS V1R3.0 Bookshelf". IBM.
  21. ↑ IBM (November 1972). SCRIPT/370 Text Processing Facility Under Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) Program Description/Operations Manual Program Number 5796-PAF (PDF). First Edition. IBM. SH20-1114-0.
  22. ↑ IBM (September 1976), SCRIPT/370 Version 3 User's Guide Program Number: 5796úPHL (PDF), First Edition, IBM, SH20-1857-0
  23. ↑ SCRIPT/370 Text Processing Facility Under Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) Systems Guide Program Number 5796-PAF (PDF), IBM, LY20-0762-0
  24. ↑ For compatibility, DCF also includes EasyScript.
  25. ↑ IBM Document Composition Facility: Generalized Markup Language Starter Set User's Guide (Eighth ed.), IBM, January 1991, SH20-9186-07
  26. ↑ IBM Document Composition Facility: Generalized Markup Language Starter Set Reference (Seventh ed.), IBM, January 1991, SH20-9187-06
  27. ↑ Document Composition Facility Generalized Markup Language Implementation Guide (PDF) (Third ed.), IBM, March 1985, SH35-0050-02
  28. ↑ IBM Corporation (2011). "z/OS V1R10.0-V1R12.0 Library Server Getting Started". Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  29. ↑ "IBM BookManager BookServer for Windows V2.3, IBM BookManager BookServer for AIX and Linux V2.3, and IBM BookManager Build for Windows V2.3 Increases Ease of Use". Announcement Letters. IBM Corporation. 2001. LTR 201-273. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  30. ↑ "Downloadable free BookManager tools and components". www.ibm.com. 2019-04-17. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
  31. ↑ Bowling, Kevin (2020-12-17), boo2pdf, retrieved 2021-10-04
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