Elmer Eric Schattschneider
Born
Elmer Eric Schattschneider

(1892-08-11)August 11, 1892
DiedMarch 4, 1971(1971-03-04) (aged 78)
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater
Known for
Awards
  • Freedoms Foundation Award[1]
  • James L. McConaughy Memorial Award
Scientific career
FieldsPolitical science
InstitutionsWesleyan University

Elmer Eric Schattschneider (August 11, 1892 – March 4, 1971) was an American political scientist.

Life and career

Schattschneider was born in Bethany, Minnesota. He received his B.A. and M.A. at the University of Pittsburgh and his Ph.D. at Columbia University. He taught at Columbia, the New Jersey College for Women (now a section of Rutgers University), and Wesleyan University (1930–1960). Schattschneider was president of the American Political Science Association for 1956–1957 and is the namesake of its award for the best dissertation in the field of American politics. He died in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.

Publications

Schattschneider's books include Politics, Pressures and the Tariff (1935), Party Government (1942), The Struggle for Party Government, (1948), Equilibrium and Change in American Politics (1958), The Semisovereign People: A Realist's View of Democracy in America (1960) (for a discussion see: Mair, 1997[2]), and Two Hundred Million Americans in Search of a Government (1969).

Critique of pluralism

Along with the political scientist Theodore J. Lowi, Schattschneider offered perhaps "the most devastating" critique of the American political theory of pluralism: Rather than an essentially democratic system in which the many, competing interests of citizens are amply represented, if not advanced, by equally many competing interest groups, Schattschneider argued the pressure system is biased in favor of "the most educated and highest-income members of society", and showed that "the difference between those who participate in interest group activity and those who stand at the sidelines is much greater than that between voters and nonvoters."[3]

In The Semisovereign People, Schattschneider argued the scope of the pressure system is really quite small: The "range of organized, identifiable, known groups is amazingly narrow; there is nothing remotely universal about it" and the "business or upper-class bias of the pressure system shows up everywhere." He says the "notion that the pressure system is automatically representative of the whole community is a myth" and, instead, the "system is skewed, loaded and unbalanced in favor of a fraction of a minority."[4] And "the flaw in the pluralist heaven is that the heavenly chorus sings with a strong upper-class accent."[5]

Notes

  1. Adamany 1977, 1326
  2. Mair, Peter (1997). "EE Schattschneider's the Semisovereign People". Political Studies. 45 (5): 947–954. doi:10.1111/1467-9248.00122. S2CID 145304768.
  3. Woolley and Papa 1998, 165
  4. Schattschneider 1960, 30–36
  5. Schattschneider 1960, 35

References

  • Adamany, David. 1972. "The Political Science of E. E. Schattschneider: A Review Essay." The American Political Science Review 66 (December): 1321–1335. JSTOR 1957185 (subscription required)
  • Schattschneider, Elmer Eric. 1960. The Semisovereign People: A Realist's View of Democracy in America. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-013366-4.
  • Woolley, Peter J. and Albert R. Papa. 1998. American Politics: Core Argument and Current Controversy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-569757-3.
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