In the United States, the licensing of prehospital emergency medical providers and oversight of emergency medical services are governed at the state level. Each state is free to add or subtract levels as each state sees fit. Therefore, due to differing needs and system development paths, the levels, education requirements, and scope of practice of prehospital providers varies from state to state. Even though primary management and regulation of prehospital providers is at the state level, the federal government does have a model scope of practice including minimum skills for EMRs, EMTs, Advanced EMTs and Paramedics set through the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).[1]

While states are able to set their own additional requirements for state certification, a quasi-national certification body exists in the form of the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT). The NREMT offers a national certification based on the NHTSA National Standard curriculum for the levels of EMR, EMT, Advanced EMT and Paramedic.[2] Individual states are allowed to use NREMT certification as part of their certification process, but are not required to. As of 2011, 38 states use the NREMT examination for EMT certification and 45 states use the NREMT examination for Paramedic certification.[3] These levels are denoted below using an asterisk (*). At present time, use of the NREMT examination for EMT-Intermediate 85 and 99 have not been included in this list.

Any provider between the levels of Emergency medical technician and Paramedic is either a form of EMT-Intermediate or an Advanced EMT. The use of the terms "EMT-Intermediate/85" and "EMT-Intermediate/99" denotes use of the NHTSA EMT-Intermediate 1985 curriculum and the EMT-Intermediate 1999 curriculum respectively. In addition, not all states use the "EMT" prefix for all levels (e.g. Texas uses EMT-Paramedic and Licensed Paramedic). Finally, some states have levels that have partially been phased out. While no new certifications are provided at this level, providers can sometimes be grandfathered in provided they meet recertification requirements. Any level that has been completely phased out (i.e. not used for new or continuing providers) is not listed.

In some states there are also EMS-RN's which is a Registered Nurse trained in Pre-Hospital response.

In the list, each state's certification levels are provided from most basic at the top to most advanced at the bottom.

Alabama

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)
  • Emergency Medical Technician Intermediate (EMT-I) **(Alabama is no longer certifying new EMT-Is (as of 2003). However, existing providers continue to be allowed to practice under this level of certification.)
  • Paramedic

Alaska

  • Emergency Trauma Technician (ETT) (Analogous to EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician I (EMT-I) (Analogous to EMT via NREMT)
  • Emergency Medical Technician II (EMT-II) (Analogous to EMT-I/85)
  • Emergency Medical Technician III (EMT-III) (Analogous to AEMT/85)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) (Established in 2015, follows and is certified via the NREMT testing process)
  • Mobile Intensive Care Paramedic (MICP) (Analogous to Paramedic via NREMT)

Arizona

  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Intermediate. Please note: Arizona is no longer certifying new EMT-Is. However, existing certifications continue to be allowed to practice under this level of certification.
  • EMT-Paramedic[4]

Arkansas

  • Emergency Medical Responder (Not recognized by the Arkansas Department of Health, certification issued by local EMS Authorities and/or the Arkansas Fire Training Academy)[5]
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)[6]
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)[6]
  • Paramedic[6]
  • Community Paramedic[5]

California

  • Public Safety (Acts as EMR but is separate from the NREMT Certification for it. Is issued to Firefighters and Police Officers, usually after their P.O.S.T. Certification or their Fire Academy if the individual chooses not to pursue EMT. It is also separate from individual BLS and CPR Certifications. It is officially recognized by the California EMS Authority.)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)[7]
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician* (AEMT)[7]
  • Paramedic[7]
  • Critical Care Paramedic Endorsement for Paramedic Level* (It is offered in and recognized in some counties in California.)

Colorado

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)[8]
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • EMT- IV (Intravenous Therapy certification)[9]
  • EMT-I
  • Advanced EMT (AEMT)
  • Paramedic[10][11]
  • Critical Care Endorsement to Paramedic level certification

Colorado EMS Scope of Practice and Education Standard Comparison

Connecticut

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)[12]
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)[12]
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)[12]
  • Paramedic[12] (Paramedics are Licensed professionals in Connecticut, whereas all other levels of EMS providers are certified and must participate in bi-annual continuing education following the current NREMT NCCP)

Delaware

  • First Responder
  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Paramedic[13]

District of Columbia

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)*
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)*
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)*
  • Emergency Medical Technician-Intermediate (EMT-I) (no new licenses granted)
  • Paramedic*

Florida

  • Emergency Medical Technician[14]
  • Paramedic[14]

Georgia

  • EMT-R (similar to NREMT EMR)
  • EMT
  • EMT-Intermediate/85 (no new licenses granted)
  • Cardiac Technician (no new licenses granted since 1998, similar to the NREMT-I/99)
  • Advanced-EMT
  • Paramedic (at least 504 classroom hours plus 320 clinical hours)[15]

Hawaii

  • EMT (analogue to Advanced EMT)
  • Paramedic (also known as Mobile Intensive Care Technician or MICT)[16]

Idaho

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR-2011)[17]
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-2011)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician-85 (AEMT-85) (No new licenses granted)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician-2011
  • Paramedic-2011

Illinois

  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Intermediate
  • Advanced EMT
  • Paramedic[18]

Indiana

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • EMT (Emergency Medical Technician)
  • Advanced EMT
  • Paramedic[19]

Iowa

  • First Responder
  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Intermediate (analogous to EMT-Intermediate/85)
  • EMT-Advanced
  • EMT-Paramedic (analogous to EMT-Intermediate/99)
  • Paramedic Specialist (analogous to EMT-Paramedic)[20][21]
  • Critical Care Paramedic Endorsement for Paramedic

Transition to new levels began January 2011, and finished in March 2015.[22]

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)
  • Paramedic
  • Critical Care Paramedic Endorsement for Paramedic level certification

Kansas

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) - Formerly known as First Responder
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)
  • Paramedic (EMT-P)[23]

Kentucky

  • CPR Drivers
  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)[24]
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)[24]
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)[24]
  • Paramedic[24]
  • Critical Care Paramedic Endorsement[24]

Louisiana

  • EMR-Emergency Medical Responder
  • EMT-Emergency Medical Technician
  • AEMT-Advanced EMT
  • Paramedic (formerly EMT-P)[25]

Maine

  • Emergency Medical Responder
  • Ambulance Attendant (no new licenses granted since 1996)
  • EMT
  • Advanced AEMT
  • EMT-Critical Care (no new licenses after 1998)
  • Paramedic[26]

Maryland

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician-Basic (EMT)*
  • Cardiac Rescue Technician-Intermediate* (CRT-I) (analogous to EMT – Intermediate/99)
  • Paramedic[27]

Massachusetts

  • EMS First Responder (EFR)
  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Advanced
  • EMT-Paramedic[28]

Michigan

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) (Also Medical First Responder)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) (formerly EMT - Basic)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) (analogous to EMT-Intermediate/85)
  • Paramedic (formerly EMT-Paramedic)[29]

Minnesota

  • Emergency Medical Responder
  • Emergency Medical Technician
  • Paramedic
  • Community Paramedic
  • Registered Physician Assistant-EMT[30][31]

Mississippi

  • Medical First Responder
  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Intermediate/99 (no new licenses granted at this level since 2002, however previous holders can continue to renew theirs)
  • AEMT
  • EMT-Paramedic[32]

Missouri

  • EMT-Basic
  • Advanced EMT (AEMT)
  • EMT-Paramedic[33]

Montana

(Endorsements are listed below each level, are optional and can be achieved in any order and combination.)

  • EMR-Emergency Medical Responder
    • Monitoring
  • EMT-Emergency Medical Technician
    • Airway
    • IV and IO administration
    • IV and IO maintenance
    • Medication
  • Advanced EMT
  • Paramedic
    • Critical Care Transport

Nebraska

  • Emergency Medical Responder
  • EMT-Basic
  • AEMT
  • EMT-Paramedic[34]

Nevada

  • First Responder
  • EMT
  • Advanced EMT
  • Paramedic
  • CCT-Paramedic
  • EMS RN

New Hampshire

  • First Responder
  • EMT
  • Advanced EMT
  • EMT-Paramedic[35]

New Jersey

  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)*[36]
  • Mobile Intensive Care Paramedic (MICP)[37][38]
  • Mobile Intensive Care Nurse (MICN)[39]

New Mexico

  • EMS First Responder
  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Intermediate
  • EMT-Paramedic[40]

New York

  • Certified First Responder
  • EMT-Basic
  • AEMT
  • AEMT-Intermediate (replaced with AEMT; discontinued)
  • AEMT-Critical Care (discontinued)
  • AEMT-Paramedic[41]

North Carolina

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • EMT
  • AEMT (Advanced EMT)
  • Paramedic[42]

North Dakota

  • First Responder
  • Advanced First Aid Ambulance (no new licenses)
  • EMT (analogous to EMT-Basic; only used for providers under the age of 18 and providers requesting reciprocity from another state)
  • EMT-Basic
  • AEMT-Advanced EMT
  • EMT-Paramedic[43]

Ohio

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced EMT (AEMT)
  • Paramedic[44]

Oklahoma

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)[45]
  • EMT-Basic[45]
  • EMT-Intermediate/85[45]
  • EMT-Paramedic[45]

Oregon

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)(National Curriculum)
  • EMT (National Curriculum)
  • Advanced EMT (National Curriculum)
  • EMT Intermediate (State Curriculum)
  • Paramedic (National Curriculum) (requires a college degree)[46]

Pennsylvania

  • Emergency Medical Services Vehicle Operator (EMSVO)
  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)
  • Paramedic (P)
  • Prehospital Registered Nurse (PHRN)
  • Prehospital Physician Extender (PHPE)
  • Prehospital Physician (PHP)
  • Medical Command Physician (MCP)
  • EMS-Instructor (EMS-I) (Additional endorsement)

Puerto Rico

  • EMT-Provisional License (Student)
  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Paramedic

Rhode Island

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician Cardiac (AEMT-C) (State Specific)
  • Paramedic[47]

South Carolina

  • EMT-Basic
  • EMT-Advanced
  • EMT-Paramedic[48]

South Dakota

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)[49]
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)[49]
  • Emergency Medical Technician - Intermediate/85
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)
  • Emergency Medical Technician - Intermediate/99
  • Emergency Medical Technician - Paramedic[50]

Tennessee

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)
  • Paramedic
  • Critical Care Paramedic (now officially endorsed by the state)[51]

Texas

  • Emergency Care Attendant
  • EMT
  • AEMT (formerly EMT-I)[52]
  • Certified Paramedic
  • Licensed Paramedic (*Degree Requirement* Requires either an Associates Degree in EMS -OR- a Bachelors Degree in any field.)[53]

Utah

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)[54]
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)[54]
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)[54]
  • Paramedic[54]

Now have been phased out of the state of Utah:

  • EMT-Intermediate (state specific, phased out by Sept. 30 2013 however any EMT with this certification before Sept. 30 2013 could still be an intermediate and by the next recert cycle had to switch to AEMT)[54]
  • EMT-Intermediate Advanced (analogous to EMT-Intermediate/99, phased out by Sept. 30, 2013 )[54]

Vermont

  • Vermont Emergency First Responder (VEFR)
  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)
  • Paramedic[55]
  • Advanced Paramedic[56] (replaces state sponsored Critical Care Paramedic endorsement)

Virginia

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) (The transition from Emergency Medical Technician-Enhanced to AEMT occurred between 2013 and 2016.)
  • EMT-Intermediate (EMT-I) (As of January 1, 2020 no new certifications are issued. Providers certified before 2020 may still practice under EMT-I (I/99) certification level, and renew it indefinitely with completion of CME hours each cycle.)
  • Paramedic[57]

Washington

  • Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
  • EMT
  • AEMT (Advanced EMT)
  • Paramedic[58]

West Virginia

  • Emergency Medical Responder
  • EMT-Mining (specialty certification)
  • EMT-Basic
  • Advanced Care Technician
  • EMT-Paramedic
  • Mobile Critical Care Paramedic[59]

Wisconsin

Source:[60]

  • EMR (Emergency Medical Responder)[61]
  • EMT (Emergency Medical Technician)
  • AEMT (Advanced Emergency Medical Technician)
  • EMT-Intermediate (Emergency Medical Technical Intermediate)
  • Paramedic
  • Critical Care Paramedic Endorsement[62]
  • TEMS (Tactical Emergency Medical Service Endorsement) Primarily for SWAT teams

Wyoming

  • EMR (Emergency Medical Responder
  • EMT (Emergency Medical Technician
  • AEMT (Advanced Emergency Medical Technician
  • IEMT (Intermediate Emergency Medical Technician)
  • Paramedic

Wyoming has adopted the National Registry model with an addition of IEMT. The IEMT has all of the skills of an AEMT with the addition of additional medications, endotracheal intubation, cardiac drugs and skills (manual defibrillator, epi 1:10000, etc.) chest darts and pain management. National Registry is NOT required, and not accepted for licensing in Wyoming.[63]

References

  1. ↑ "National Standard Curriculum" (PDF). National Highway Transportation Safety Administration. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
  2. ↑ "About NREMT Examinations". National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  3. ↑ "2011 Annual Report" (PDF). National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. p. 11. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
  4. ↑ "EMT Certification - FAQs: How do I gain certification in Arizona as an EMT-B, EMT-I, or EMT-P?". Arizona Department of Public Health Services. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  5. 1 2 "ARKANSAS STATE BOARD OF HEALTH SECTION OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES : RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES" (PDF). Healthy.arkansas.gov. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  6. 1 2 3 "ARKANSAS STATE BOARD OF HEALTH SECTION OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES : SCOPE OF PRACTICE" (PDF). Healthy.arkansas.gov. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  7. 1 2 3 "EMS Statues, Regulations, and Legislation". California Code of Regulations, Title 22. California Emergency Medical Services Authority. Archived from the original on 24 November 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  8. ↑ "Emergency medical responder (EMR) registration | Department of Public Health and Environment". www.colorado.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  9. ↑ "Intravenous Therapy And Medication Administration Course Curriculum" (PDF). Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment. 2015-03-01. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  10. ↑ "Rules Pertaining to EMS Practice and Medical Director Oversity". Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-08. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  11. ↑ "EMS Provider Certification Frequently Asked Questions". Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Emergency Medical Services - Licensure/Certification/Exams". Connecticut Department of Public Health. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  13. ↑ "Delaware Paramedic Education". Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  14. 1 2 "Emergency Medical Services Rules". Florida Administrative Code. Florida Department of State, Division of Library and Information Services. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  15. ↑ "Georgia Office of EMS Course Approval-Initial Education for Licensure" (PDF). Ems.ga.gov. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  16. ↑ "Certifying Emergency Medical Service Personnel". State of Hawaii. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  17. ↑ "Idaho Emergency Medical Services Bureau". Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  18. ↑ "EMS Licensing". dph.illinois.gov. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  19. ↑ "Levels of EMS Personnel Certification" (PDF). Indiana Emergency Medical Services Commission. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  20. ↑ "Authorized Iowa EMS Training Programs" (PDF). Iowa Department of Public Health, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-02-24. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  21. ↑ "Iowa EMT-Paramedic to Paramedic Specialist Transition Application" (PDF). Iowa Department of Public Health, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-19. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  22. ↑ "IDPH - Bureau of EMS" (PDF). Iowa EMS Transition. Iowa Department of Public Health. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  23. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". Kansas Board of Emergency Medical Services. Archived from the original on 2008-02-19. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 "Administrative Regulations". Kentucky EMS Administrative Regulations. Kentucky Board of Emergency Medical Services. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  25. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". State of Louisiana, Department of Health and Hospitals, Louisiana Bureau of Emergency Medical Systems. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
  26. ↑ "Maine Emergency Medical System Rules" (PDF). p. 118. Retrieved 2014-09-16.
  27. ↑ "Maryland EMS Clinician Descriptions" (PDF). Maryland Emergency Medical Services System. 2021-02-10 [2019-08-13]. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  28. ↑ "Overview of Training Requirements". Massachusetts Office of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  29. ↑ "License Packet" (.PDF). Michigan Department of Community Health, Emergency Medical Services and Trauma System. p. 4. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  30. ↑ "Certification". Minnesota Emergency Medical Services Regulatory Board. Archived from the original on 2008-04-13. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  31. ↑ "144E.101 - 2014 Minnesota Statutes". www.revisor.mn.gov. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  32. ↑ "EMS Personnel Information Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". Mississippi State Department of Health, Emergency Medical Services. Archived from the original on 2007-11-10. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  33. ↑ "EMT and Paramedic Licensing Information". Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  34. ↑ "Certification for Out-of-Hospital Providers". Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  35. ↑ "New Hampshire EMS Provider License Application" (PDF). Department of Safety. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  36. ↑ "Mobility Assistance Vehicle and Basic Life Support Ambulance Services" (PDF). New Jersey Administrative Code. State of New Jersey. NJAC 8:40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
  37. ↑ "Advanced Life Support Services; Mobile Intensive Care Programs, Specialty Care Transport Services and Air Medical Services" (PDF). New Jersey Administrative Code. State of New Jersey. NJAC 8:41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
  38. ↑ "Emergency Medical Technicians-Paramedic: Training and certification" (PDF). New Jersey Administrative Code. State of New Jersey. NJAC 8:41A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  39. ↑ "NEW JERSEY ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 8:41R" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Health. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  40. ↑ "Licensing Info". New Mexico Department of Health. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  41. ↑ "Emergency Medical Services Statistical Information". New York State Department of Health. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  42. ↑ "NC DHSR OEMS: Credentialing and Compliance". www2.ncdhhs.gov. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  43. ↑ "Training, Testing and Certification Requirements". North Dakota, Department of Health, Emergency Medical Services. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  44. ↑ "Scope of Practice". Ohio Department of Public Safety, Ohio Emergency Medical Services. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  45. 1 2 3 4 "Licensure". EMT Licensure and Registration. Oklahoma State Department of Health. Archived from the original on 7 December 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  46. ↑ "Welcome to EMT Educational Requirements". Oregon Department of Human Services, Emergency Medical Services and Trauma Systems. Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  47. ↑ "Emergency Medical Services Regulations 216-RICR-20-10-2". Rhode Island Secretary of State. State of Rhode Island. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  48. ↑ "South Carolina Certification Process" (PDF). South Carolina Emergency Medical Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-01-02. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  49. 1 2 "South Dakota Basic Life Support SCOPE of PRACTICE" (PDF). South Dakota Department of Health. 14 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2019.
  50. ↑ "South Dakota Scope of Practice Guide for Advanced Life Support Personnel - EMT I/85, EMT-A, EMT I/99, EMT-P" (PDF). South Dakota Board of Medical and Osteopathic Examiners. 14 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2022.
  51. ↑ "Critical Care Paramedic Standardized Modules and Objectives" (PDF). State of Tennessee Department of Health. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-04. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
  52. ↑ "Texas Administrative Code Rule §157.2". texreg.sos.state.tx.us. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  53. ↑ "Requirements for initial certification/licensure". Texas Department of State Health Services. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "EMT & Paramedic Certification". Utah EMT & Paramedic Certification. Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  55. ↑ "Vermont Statewide Emergency Medical Services Protocols" (PDF). Vermont Department of Health, Office of Emergency Medical Services. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  56. ↑ "Critical Care Paramedic Update" (PDF). 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  57. ↑ "Transitioning to the new National EMS Scope of Practice and Education Standards". Virginia EMS Education Standards. Virginia Department of Health. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  58. ↑ "Initial Certification Process". Washington State Department of Health, Office of Emergency Medical Services and Trauma System. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  59. ↑ "EMS Education and Curriculum Materials". West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources. Office of Emergency Medical Services. Archived from the original on 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2014-04-13.
  60. ↑ "Wisconsin EMS Scope of Practice" (PDF).
  61. ↑ "First Responder Certification Process". Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, Emergency Medical Services. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
  62. ↑ "Critical Care Paramedic Endorsement" (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, Emergency Medical Services. Retrieved 2014-04-13.
  63. ↑ "Certification Application". Wyoming Department of Health, Office of Emergency Medical Services. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
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