Erode District
District of Tamil Nadu
Clockwise from top-left: Bhavani Sangameswarar Temple, confluence of the Bhavani and Kaveri Rivers, Bhavanisagar Dam, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Indian Public School at Erode
Location in Tamil Nadu
Location in Tamil Nadu
Coordinates: 11°21′N 77°44′E / 11.350°N 77.733°E / 11.350; 77.733
CountryIndia
StateTamil Nadu
RegionKongu Nadu
Founded byM.G.R
HeadquartersErode
TaluksAnthiyur, Bhavani, Erode, Gobichettipalayam, Kodumudi, Modakurichi, Perundurai, Sathyamangalam, Thalavadi, Nambiyur
Government
 • District CollectorRaja Gopal Sunkara, IAS
 • Superintendent of PoliceG. Jawahar, IPS
Area
[1]
 • Total5,722 km2 (2,209 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total2,251,744
 • Density394/km2 (1,020/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialTamil
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
638***
Telephone code0424 (Erode)
04204 (Kodumudi)
04294 (Perundurai)
04256 (Bhavani)
04285 (Gobichettipalayam)
04295 (Sathyamangalam)
ISO 3166 codeISO 3166-2:IN
Vehicle registrationTN 33 (Erode East)
TN 36 (Gobichettipalayam)
TN 56 (Perundurai)
TN 86 (Erode West)[2]
Largest cityErode
Sex ratioM-51%/F-49% ♂/♀
Literacy72.96%
Lok Sabha seats3
Vidhan Sabha seats8
Central location:11°15′N 77°19′E / 11.250°N 77.317°E / 11.250; 77.317
Precipitation700 millimetres (28 in)
Avg. summer temperature35 °C (95 °F)
Avg. winter temperature18 °C (64 °F)
Websiteerode.nic.in

Erode District is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It was the largest district by area in the state before the formation of Tirupur District in 2009. The headquarters of the district is Erode. It is divided into two revenue divisions, Erode and Gobichettipalayam, and is further subdivided into 10 taluks. Erode District was a part of Coimbatore District before its division into two on 17 September 1979. It covers an area of 5,722 square kilometres (2,209 sq mi), and as of 2011, had a population of 2,251,744.

History

The region belonging to present-day Erode District was ruled successively by several South Indian dynasties, including the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas. During the first millennium, it was under the rule of the Chera Dynasty and various other rulers. Between the 10th to 12th centuries, the region was part of the larger Chola Empire. The region became part of Vijayanagara empire in the 14th century, then under the Nayaks of Madurai until the 17th century. Under the Madurai Nayaks, the Polygar system of administration was established. The Polygar system continued after the region became part of the Kingdom of Mysore in the mid-17th century.

The Polygar chieftain Dheeran Chinnamalai, a governor of the region, played a major role in the early struggle for Indian Independence in the late 18th-century Polygar Wars against the British East India Company. After the Polygar and Mysore Wars in the late 18th century, the area came under the control of the British until the achievement of Indian independence in 1947. It was a part of the erstwhile Coimbatore district until its split in 1979.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901629,892—    
1911667,968+0.59%
1921725,434+0.83%
1931769,455+0.59%
1941886,108+1.42%
19511,010,616+1.32%
19611,106,528+0.91%
19711,356,092+2.05%
19811,587,604+1.59%
19911,802,939+1.28%
20012,016,582+1.13%
20112,251,744+1.11%
source:[3]
Religions in Erode district (2011)[4]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 93.95%
Islam
 
 3.38%
Christianity
 
 2.48%
Other or not stated
 
 0.19%

According to the 2011 census, Erode District had a population of 2,251,744 with a sex-ratio of 993 females for every 1,000 males, above the national average of 929.[5] A total of 195,213 were under the age of six, constituting 99,943 males and 95,270 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.41% and 0.97% of the population, respectively. The literacy rate of the district was 66.29%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[6] The district had a total of 658,071 households. There were 1,195,773 workers: 173,376 cultivators, 331,414 main agricultural labourers, 48,960 in household industries, 557,301 other workers, 84,722 marginal workers, 38,798 marginal agricultural labourers, 5,362 marginal workers in household industries, 4,794 marginal cultivators and 35,768 other marginal workers.[5]

Languages of Erode district (2011)[7]

  Tamil (87.76%)
  Telugu (7.32%)
  Kannada (2.40%)
  Urdu (1.14%)
  Others (1.38%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 81.76% of the population spoke Tamil, 10.32% Telugu, 5.40% Kannada and 1.14% Urdu as their first language.[7]

Geography

Map of Erode region during 1955

To the north of Erode District lies Chamarajanagar district in Karnataka State. To the east, across the Kaveri River, lies Salem and Namakkal districts. To the southeast lies Karur district. Tirupur District lies immediately to the south. Coimbatore and Nilgiris districts lie to the west.

Erode District is landlocked, and is situated at between latitude 10 36" and 11 58" north and between longitude 76 49" and 77 58" east. The district forms the meeting point of the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats mountain ranges, separated by the Moyar River.

The district comprises a long undulating plain, sloping gently towards the Kaveri River in the south-east. The three major tributaries of the Kaveri, the Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravati, run across the long stretch of mountains in the north. In combination with these rivers, numerous canals, the Bhavanisagar Dam and the Kodiveri Dam provide irrigation and drainage for Erode.

Bhavanisagar Dam across Bhavani River
Kaveri River at Erode

Bhavani River

The Bhavani River rises in the Western Ghats of the Silent Valley National Park in the Palakkad District of Kerala. It is joined by the Siruvani River, a perennial stream of Coimbatore District, and is joined by the Kundha River before entering Erode District in Sathyamangalam. The Bhavani is perennial river, mostly fed by the southwest monsoon but also supplemented by the northeast monsoon. It runs for over one hundred miles through Erode District, crossing Bhavani and Gobichettipalayam taluks. Near Gobichettipalayam lies the Kodiveri Dam, a mini-dam constructed for agricultural purposes.

The river eventually feeds the Bhavanisagar reservoir, and then takes an easterly course after crossing Sathyamangalam taluk. Along with another tributary, the Amutha Nathi River, the Bhavani River ultimately joins the Kaveri River in Bhavani, Tamil Nadu. A confluence of three rivers, such as this one, is known as a Triveni Sangam in Hindu belief. The place where the Bhavani River joins with the Kaveri River is famous for the Sri Sangameshwara Temple of Lord Shiva, where, in accordance to Hindu customs, people perform the last rites for deceased friends and family.

Kaveri River

The Kaveri River rises in the Western Ghats of Kodagu (Coorg) District in Karnataka, and is joined by many small tributaries. It runs eastward through Karnataka, and is joined by its main tributary, the Kabini River, before taking a sharp southbound turn at Hogenakkal Falls. From here, it runs towards the southeast, forming the boundary between Bhavani taluk of Erode District and Tiruchengode taluk of the neighbouring Namakkal District. The Bhavani River joins the Kaveri River at the town of Bhavani.

Climate

Western Ghats as seen from Gobichettipalayam

Unlike nearby Coimbatore District, Erode District's climate is characterized by dry weather throughout the year, except during the break-in monsoon period, when it receives high rainfall. The cool, moist wind that passes through the Palghat Gap in the Western Ghats has a moderating effect on the climate of neighbouring Coimbatore district, but the air loses its coolness and becomes dry by the time it reaches Erode. Gunderipallam, Varattupallam are the highest rainfall (1200 MM) in this district.

Generally, the first two months of the year are pleasant, but in March the temperature begins to rise, which persists until the end of May, when the highest temperatures are normally recorded. The few rain showers during this period do not provide much relief from the heat. However, the temperature reverses its rising trend during the pre-monsoon period, between June and August. By September, the monsoon rains begin to fall. The northeast monsoon sets in vigorously during October–November. By December, the rains end, returning the climate to its dry and cold state.

But Erode distrtict receives water source form two rivers named Bhavani river and Kaveri river. These two rivers mingle at a point called Kooduthurai.

Politics

Source:[8][9]
District No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks
Erode 98 Erode (East) E. V. K. S. Elangovan Indian National Congress SPA
99 Erode (West) S. Muthusamy Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
100 Modakkurichi C. Saraswathi Bharatiya Janata Party NDA
Erode 103 Perundurai S. Jayakumar All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK
104 Bhavani K. C. Karuppannan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK
105 Anthiyur A. G. Venkatachalam Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
106 Gobichettipalayam K. A. Sengottaiyan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK
107 Bhavanisagar (SC) A. Bannari All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK

Administration

Erode District Collector's Office

For administrative purposes, Erode District is divided into ten taluks under two revenue divisions.[10]


Revenue Divisions and Taluks

Erode Revenue Division:Erode taluk, Kodumudi taluk, Modakurichi taluk, Perundurai taluk

Gobichettipalayam Revenue Division: Anthiyur taluk, Bhavani taluk, Gobichettipalayam taluk, Sathyamangalam taluk, Nambiyur taluk, Thalavadi taluk

Municipal Corporation

  1. Erode Municipal Corporation

Municipalities

  1. Gobichettipalayam Selection Grade Municipality
  2. Sathyamangalam Grade-I municipality
  3. Bhavani Grade-II municipality
  4. Punjai Puliampatti Grade-II municipality

Town Panchayats

  1. Ammapettai
  2. Anthiyur
  3. Appakudal
  4. Arachalur
  5. Ariyappampalayam
  6. Athani
  7. Avalpoondurai
  8. Bhavanisagar
  9. Chennasamudram
  10. Chennimalai
  11. Chithode
  12. Elathur
  13. Jambai
  14. Kanjikoil
  15. Karumandi Chellipalayam
  16. Kasipalayam-Gobi
  17. Kembainaickenpalayam
  18. Kilampadi
  19. Kodumudi
  20. Kolappalur
  21. Kollankoil
  22. Kuhalur
  23. Lakkampatti
  24. Modakurichi
  25. Nallampatti
  26. Nambiyur
  27. Nasiyanur
  28. Nerunjipettai
  29. Olagadam
  30. P. Mettupalayam
  31. Pallapalayam
  32. Pasur
  33. Periyakodiveri
  34. Perundurai
  35. Pethampalayam
  36. Salangapalayam
  37. Sivagiri
  38. Suriyampalayam
  39. Unjalur
  40. Vadugapatti
  41. Vaniputhur
  42. Vellottamparappu
  43. Vengampudur

Proposed Municipalities

  1. Perundurai

Proposed Town Panchayats

  1. Thoockanaickenpalaiyam

Panchayat Unions / Blocks

  1. Erode
  2. Modakurichi
  3. Kodumudi
  4. Perundurai
  5. Chennimalai
  6. Ammapettai
  7. Anthiyur
  8. Bhavani
  9. Bhavanisagar
  10. Gobichettipalayam
  11. Nambiyur
  12. Sathyamangalam
  13. Thalavadi
  14. Thoockanaickenpalaiyam

Politics

Erode District is divided into three Parliamentary Constituencies of the Lok Sabha: Erode, Nilgiris and Tirupur. The district consists of eight Assembly Constituencies of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly: Anthiyur, Bhavani, Bhavani Sagar, Erode East, Erode West, Gobichettipalayam, Modakurichi and Perundurai.

Economy

Paddy fields near Gobichettipalayam
Fabrics and rugs made in Erode are famous

Agriculture is the most important source of income in Erode District. Paddy, plantain, silk, cotton, turmeric, coconut and sugarcane are some of the major products from agriculture and its associated industries.

Erode is the top turmeric producer in Tamil Nadu, making up 43% of statewide production.[11] Erode is an important market centre for turmeric, being known as "Turmeric City." March 2019, turmeric from Erode received a Geographical Indication tag from the Geographical Indication Registry,[12] making Erode Manjal Vanigarkal Matrum Kidangu Urimaiyalargal Sangam the registered proprietors of the Geographical Indication Erode Manjal (Erode Turmeric).[13]

Erode is also the leading producer of plantain, coconuts and white silk in Tamil Nadu.[14]

Gobichettipalayam is well known for its white silk, cotton, plantain and coconut production. Erode is one of the major producers of food products in the state. The country's first automated silk reeling unit is located near Gobichettipalayam.

Erode (city), Bhavani and Chennimalai are well known for handloom and powerloom textile products and ready-made garments. In 2005, Bhavani Jamakkalam (Bhavani Bedsheets) was registered as a Geographical Indication.[15]

Anthiyur and Modachur (Gobichettipalayam) towns are famous for cattle.

Transport

Erode Junction railway station
Meenakshi Sundaranar Salai in Erode
NH 544 Bypass near Chithode

The transportation system in Erode is well-developed. Erode, being a prominent trading center in Tamil Nadu, is well-connected with all modern means of transport, except air transport. The district is accessible by both road and rail from the state capital Chennai and other major cities. The district is divided into four Regional Transport Office (RTO) sub-divisions, namely Erode East (TN 33), Gobichettipalayam (TN 36), Perundurai (TN 56) and Erode West (TN 86). Gobichettipalayam RTO has two sub-offices, namely Bhavani (TN 36W) and Sathyamangalam (TN 36Z).

Railways

The district has one major railway station, Erode Junction. It was built by the British to connect the western and eastern coasts of India. There are ISO-certified diesel and electric locomotive sheds at Erode Junction. Erode Junction, which has the distinction of being the third cleanest railway junction in India, serves as the hub for water filling facilities and food provisions.

Roadways

The district is well-connected by road. The following is a list of major arterial roads:

National Highways

Proposed Highways

State Highways

The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation, headquartered at Erode (originally called as Jeeva Transport Corporation), serves inter- and intra-city routes. The State Express Bus Corporation (SETC) operates express bus services from Erode and Gobichettipalayam to major cities across the state. Erode Central Bus Terminus, which serves as a major hub, is one of the largest in the state. Due to its proximity to the states Karnataka and Kerala, Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation and Kerala State Road Transport Corporation buses also operate in the district.

Airways

The nearest airport is the Coimbatore International Airport located in the nearby Coimbatore district.

Waterways

Navigable waterways are available in the district at Nerinjipettai and Nattatreeswarar Temple.

Communication

The district is served by extensive postal, telegraph and telephone networks. The district is divided into two postal divisions, namely Erode and Gobichettipalayam. There are three head post offices at Erode, Bhavani and Gobichettipalayam, in addition to 319 other post offices. The district is serviced by almost all leading mobile phone operators in India.

Education

Erode district has several facilities for higher education. The district is divided into two educational districts, Gobichettipalayam and Erode. Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.Ramachandran started IRT Perundurai Medical College which is now renamed as Erode Medical College at Perundurai and an Engineering College "Institute of Road and Transport Technology" as the Automobile Research oriented Institute for the welfare of workers of Tamil Nadu State Transport Coorporation in 1984 which is now renamed as Government Engineering college, Erode. IRTT is one of the top 10 Government Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu. Other institutions include Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Vellalar Institutions, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Kongu Engineering College, and Nandha college of technology.

Pariyur Kondathu Kaliamman Temple
Bannari Amman Temple

Places of interest

Erode has many places of interest, attracting tourists from all over the state and other neighboring states. Notable ones include:

Notable people

Villages

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Erode District - District At a Glance". National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  2. ↑ "List of RTOs" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  3. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  4. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  5. 1 2 "District Census Handbook 2011 - Erode" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  6. ↑ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  7. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  8. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners". CNBCTV18. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  9. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Full list of winners". www.indiatvnews.com. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  10. ↑ "NPR Report: Tamil Nadu: Erode". National Population Register, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 28 April 2013.
  11. ↑ "Agriculture in Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
  12. ↑ "Erode Manjal (Erode Turmeric)". Geographical Indications Registry. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  13. ↑ "Erode Turmeric gets GI tag".
  14. ↑ "The changing industrial landscape of Erode". The Hindu. 8 February 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  15. ↑ "REGISTRATION DETAILS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS" (PDF). Intellectual Property India | Government of India. 25 October 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
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