Government of the Russian Federation
Прави́тельство Росси́йской Федера́ции
Overview
Established12 June 1990 (as the Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic)
12 December 1993 (current form)
StateRussia
LeaderPrime Minister
Appointed byPresident
Main organCouncil of Ministers
Ministries21
Responsible toState Duma
President
HeadquartersMoscow
WebsiteGovernment.ru

The government of Russia is the federal executive body of state power of the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers.[1] It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation".[2] The Apparatus of the Government of Russia is a governmental body which administrates the activities of the government.

According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 constitution, the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia. According to the current 1993 constitution, the president is not a part of the government of Russia, which exercises executive power. However, the president appoints the prime minister.

History

The large body was preceded by Government of the Soviet Union. Since the Russian Federation emerged from 1991 to 1992, the government's structure has undergone several major changes. In the initial years, a large number of government bodies, primarily the different ministries, underwent massive reorganization as the old Soviet governing networks were adapted to the new state. Many reshuffles and renamings occurred.

On 28 November 1991, President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin signed presidential decree No.242 "On the reorganization of the government bodies of the RSFSR". Yeltsin officially declared the end of the Soviet Union and became the President of the Russian Federation. Yeltsin was a reformer and promised Western-styled democracy.

In 1993, the new Russian Constitution was adopted. The new Constitution gained legitimacy through its bicameral legislature, an independent judiciary, the position of the president and the prime minister, and democratic features. These democratic features included competitive multi-party elections, separation of powers, federalism, and protection of civil liberties.

In 1999, Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin as the Prime Minister. Later in that year, Yeltsin resigned from the presidency and Putin took over as the Acting President. Putin won the 2000 Russian presidential election on its first round, gaining 53.44% of the vote.

The most recent change took place on 21 January 2020, when President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree on forming Mikhail Mishustin's Cabinet.[3]

Responsibilities and power

The Government is the subject of the 6th chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the constitution, the government of the Russian Federation must:

  1. Draft and submit the federal budget to the State Duma; ensure the implementation of the budget and report on its implementation to the State Duma;
  2. Ensure the implementation of a uniform financial, credit and monetary policy in the Russian Federation;
  3. Ensure the implementation of a uniform state policy in the areas of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology;
  4. Manage federal property;
  5. Adopt measures to ensure the country's defense, state security, and the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
  6. Implement measures to ensure the rule of law, human rights and freedoms, the protection of property and public order, and crime control;
  7. Exercise any other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and presidential decrees.[4]

The government issues its acts in the way of decisions (Постановления) and orders (Распоряжения). These must not contradict the constitution, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, and Presidential decrees, and are signed by the Prime Minister.

The Government, also assists the Prime Minister, in faithfully carrying out the country's domestic and foreign policy as determined by the President, in general.

Current Cabinet

PortfolioMinisterTook officeLeft officeParty
Prime Minister16 January 2020Incumbent Independent
First Deputy Prime Minister
for Finance, Economy and National Projects		21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Minister
for Agro-Industrial Complex, Natural Resources and Ecology		21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Deputy Prime Minister –
Chief of Staff of the Government		21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Minister
for Construction and Regional Development		21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Minister
for Eurasian Integration, cooperation with
the CIS, BRICS, G20 and International Events		21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Deputy Prime Minister
for Fuel–Energy Complex		10 November 2020Incumbent United Russia
Deputy Prime Minister
for Defense and Space Industry		15 July 2022Incumbent United Russia
Deputy Prime Minister –
Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District		21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Deputy Prime Minister
for Social Policy		21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Deputy Prime Minister
for Tourism, Sport, Culture and Communications		21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Agriculture21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Construction, Housing and Utilities10 November 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Culture21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Defence21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Minister for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic10 November 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Economic Development21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Education21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Emergency Situations25 May 2022Incumbent Independent
Minister of Energy10 November 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Finance21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Foreign Affairs21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Health21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Industry and Trade21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Internal Affairs21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Justice21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Labour and Social Protection21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology10 November 2020Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Science and Higher Education21 January 2020Incumbent United Russia
Minister of Sport21 January 2020Incumbent Independent
Minister of Transport10 November 2020Incumbent United Russia

Lists of ministers

See also

References

  1. ↑ Chapter 6 of the Russian constitution states that the "Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation [Prime Minister], Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries."
  2. ↑ Russian Government web portal – Text of 1997 Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" (in Russian)
  3. ↑ "Putin Leaves Cabinet Little-Changed, Brings In Close Ally's Son". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  4. ↑ The Constitution of the Russian Federation: Chapter 6 Archived October 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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