Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
UseNational flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Proportion1:2[1]
Adopted27 February 1976 (1976-02-27)
DesignA black, white, and green horizontal tricolor charged with a red star and crescent in the centre stripe and a red chevron at the hoist
Designed byEl Uali Mustafá Sayed

The flag of Western Sahara (Arabic: علم الصحراء الغربية, Spanish: Bandera del Sáhara Occidental), also known as the flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Arabic: علم الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية, Spanish: Bandera de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática), uses a national flag consisting of a black, white and green horizontal tricolor charged with a red star and crescent in the center stripe and a red chevron at the hoist. It is used on SADR-controlled areas, while the Moroccan flag is used on the occupied parts of Western Sahara.

The flag is a combination of the Pan-Arab colors of black, green, white, and red, and the Islamic symbol of the star and crescent. On 27 February 1976 the flag was adopted as the official flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). It was slightly modified in June 1991. It is said to have been designed by El Uali Mustafá Sayed, the first president of the SADR.

Description

The flag is a tricolor of three equal horizontal stripes (black, white, and green from top to bottom) overlaid by a red triangle issuing from the hoist. These are the Pan-Arab colors. There is a red star and crescent in the middle stripe.

Man carrying the flag of Western Sahara, 2011

The flag is extremely similar to the flags of the Baath Party, Jordan, Palestine, the Kingdom of Iraq, and the Arab Federation all of which draw their inspiration from the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule (1916–1918). Prior to being the flag of Palestine, it was the flag of the short-lived Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan. The flag of the Arab Revolt had the same graphic form, but the colours were arranged differently (white on the bottom, rather than in the middle).

Its design is based on that of the Palestinian flag,[2] which in turn was derived from the colors used in the Arab Revolt. The star and crescent are considered symbols of Islam, and can be seen on flags of other neighbouring Islamic countries such as Algeria and Mauritania.

Western Sahara flags at a protest in Madrid, 2006

Symbolism

The green of the flag represents the Sahrawi people's hope of one day returning to their lands and the white represents peace and the purity of the Sahrawi, while the black represents anguish and grief for the martyrs and the red represents the blood spilled by all the martyrs. The star represents the SADR being an Arab republic, while the crescent represents the Sahrawi Republic being a Muslim country.[3]

History

In the late 19th-century, Western Sahara became a Spanish colony. During the Spanish province of Sahara, the only official flag was the flag of Spain, however, the maritime province of Villa Cisneros, which corresponds to the current territory of Western Sahara, was assigned a cornet flag that consisted of two stripes, blue the upper and yellow the lower.

Like other demarcations of Spain, such as Cantabria, which created their symbols taking as references the flags of their maritime provinces, the Saharawi National Union Party created its flag based on that of the Maritime Province of Villa Cisneros, until its entry into the Polisario Front in a meeting held on October 12, 1975, with the leadership of said movement.

After the Madrid Accords of 1975, Spain disengaged itself leaving the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, who split the territory, giving two thirds to the former. The Polisario Front rejected this and declared in exile, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) as the state representing an "independent" Western Sahara.[4]

In 1979, Mauritania signed a peace treaty with the Polisario Front, and Morocco annexed the part formerly controlled by Mauritania. A U.N.-brokered ceasefire was signed in 1991 between the two parties, but the sovereignty of the territory remains unresolved pending ongoing peace-talks.[4]

Historical flags

Moroccan regional flags (1976–1997)

In the 1976–1997 provincial division of Morocco, three provinces included parts of Western Sahara. The provinces were, however, reorganized in 1997. Consequently, some of these flags are no longer in official use.[6]

Unicode

The Flag of Western Sahara is represented as the Unicode emoji sequence U+1F1EA 🇪 REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER E and U+1F1ED 🇭 REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER H, making "🇪🇭".[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Protocol Section of the Office of the President of the Republic (June 1987)
  2. ↑ Znamierowski, Alfred (2000). Flags of the world: An illustrated guide to contemporary flags. London: Southwater. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-84215-337-6.
  3. ↑ Mosquera, César (26 May 2021). "The flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic". utopix.cc. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  4. 1 2 "CIA – The World Factbook". CIA. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  5. ↑ "División del litorial en provincias y distritos, Diario Oficial del Ministerio de Marina". Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  6. ↑ "Subnational flags of Morocco". Flagspot.net. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  7. ↑ "🇪🇭 Flag for Western Sahara Emoji". Emojipedia.
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