The Forts of Rome are the complex of fixed works of military defense constituting the entrenched field of the city, consisting of fifteen "Prussian"-type forts and four hexagonal batteries. They were erected between 1877 and 1891 in defense of the strip of territory immediately surrounding the city of Rome (Italy), then in the countryside, at a distance of about 4–5 km from the Aurelian walls and about 2–3 km from each other, for an overall development of about 40 km (25 mi).
After some controversies about the project, the forts were commissioned by Royal Decree nr. 4007 of August 12, 1877.
The first seven forts (Monte Mario, Braschi, Boccea, Aurelia Antica, Bravetta, Portuense and Appia Antica) were built starting from the same year 1877 on the right side of the Tiber (except for the Forte Appia Antica), as a defence against landings on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The construction of the remaining eight forts (Antenne, Ardeatina, Casilina, Ostiense, Pietralata, Prenestina, Tiburtina and Trionfale) began in 1880 thanks to new funds; by Royal Decree of November 1, 1882, they were named after the streets on which they stood.
The four batteries were built in an intermediate and set-back position: they were called Tevere (on the right bank of the river under Monte Mario), Appia Pignatelli, Porta Furba and Nomentana.
All the buildings soon fell into disuse, due both to their excessive closeness to the expanding city and to the evolution of the ballistic techniques and of the military strategies; by Royal Decree n. 2179 of October 9, 1919 they were removed from the list of the State fortifications and used as barracks and military depots. Later they ended up being incorporated into the urban fabric and, in some case, were delivered to the Municipality of Rome; however, some of them are currently unused or abandoned.
List
| # | Fort | Years of construction | Surface (ha) |
Municipio | Location | Distance to the next one (km) |
Current usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aurelia Antica | 1877-81 | 5,7 | XII | Via Aurelia Antica km 3, on the corner of Via di Bravetta | 2,0 | Guardia di Finanza |
| 2 | Boccea | 1877-81 | 7,3 | XIII | Via di Boccea km 1 | 1,5 | Entrusted to the Municipality of Rome |
| 3 | Braschi | 1877-81 | 8,2 | XIV | Via della Pineta Sacchetti | 4,0 | AISE and Raggruppamento unità difesa |
| 4 | Monte Mario | 1877-82 | 8,4 | I | Via Trionfale km 3, on Monte Mario | 2,0 | Esercito Italiano |
| 5 | Trionfale | 1882-88 | 21,0 | XIV | Via Trionfale km 7 | 4,0 | Entrusted to the Municipality of Rome |
| 6 | Antenne | 1882-91 | 2,5 | II | Monte Antenne, at the confluence of Tiber and Aniene | 4,0 | Entrusted to the Municipality of Rome |
| 7 | Pietralata | 1881-85 | 25,4 | IV | Via di Pietralata, close to the Aniene | 2,0 | Esercito Italiano |
| 8 | Tiburtina | 1880-84 | 23,8 | IV | Via Tiburtina km 4 | 2,0 | Esercito Italiano |
| 9 | Prenestina | 1880-84 | 13,4 | V | Via Prenestina km 4 | 3,0 | Autonomous social center "CSOA Forte Prenestino" |
| 10 | Casilina | 1881-82 | 3,8 | V | Via Casilina km 4 | 4,0 | Depot for the military area of the former Rome-Centocelle Airport |
| 11 | Appia Antica | 1877-80 | 16,5 | VIII | Via Appia Antica km 4 | 2,0 | Aeronautica Militare |
| 12 | Ardeatina | 1879-82 | 11,2 | VIII | Via Ardeatina km 4 | 2,5 | Entrusted to the Municipality of Rome |
| 13 | Ostiense | 1882-84 | 8,8 | IX | Via Ostiense km 4 | 2,5 | Polizia di Stato |
| 14 | Portuense | 1877-81 | 5,2 | XI | Via Portuense km 2 | 2,0 | Entrusted to the Municipality of Rome |
| 15 | Bravetta | 1877-83 | 10,6 | XII | Via di Bravetta, within the Valle dei Casali | 2,0 | Entrusted to the Municipality of Rome |
Bibliography
- Operare i forti. Per un progetto di riconversione dei forti militari di Roma. Rome: Gangemi Editore. 2010. ISBN 978-88-492-1777-3.
- Elvira Cajano (2006). Il sistema dei forti militari a Roma. Rome: Gangemi Editore. ISBN 978-88-492-1057-6.
- Michele Carcani (1883). I forti di Roma (PDF). Rome: Voghera Carlo tipografo di S.M. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2014.
- Giorgio Giannini (1998). I forti di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton Editori. ISBN 978-88-8183-895-0.
External links
- "The entrenched field". Progetto Forti.
- "Forts Project". YouTube.