| Frederick Francis III | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | |
| Reign | 15 April 1883 – 10 April 1897 |
| Predecessor | Frederick Francis II |
| Successor | Frederick Francis IV |
| Born | 19 March 1851 Ludwigslust Palace, Ludwigslust, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Confederation |
| Died | 10 April 1897 (aged 46) Cannes, France |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | Alexandrine, Queen of Denmark Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Cecilie, German Crown Princess |
| House | Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
| Father | Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
| Mother | Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz |
| Religion | Lutheranism |
Frederick Francis III (German: Friedrich Franz Paul Nikolaus Ernst Heinrich; 19 March 1851 – 10 April 1897) was the penultimate Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Biography
He was born in Schloss Ludwigslust as the son of Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and his first wife Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz. He succeeded his father as Grand Duke on 15 April 1883.
From an early age Frederick Francis suffered from asthma and severe breathing difficulties. He could not live in the north of Europe and lived instead on the shores of the Mediterranean, where the mild climate agreed with him. His homosexuality was an open secret.[1]
Frederick Francis' death in Cannes on 10 April 1897 is shrouded in mystery, as he was originally reported to have committed suicide by throwing himself off a parapet of a bridge.[2] According to the official account of his death, however, he was in his garden when he experienced breathing difficulties and staggered around before falling over a low wall.[3] He was succeeded by his son Frederick Francis IV, who would be the last Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Marriage and children
Frederick Francis married Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia in Saint Petersburg on 24 January 1879. They had three children:
- Duchess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (24 December 1879 – 28 December 1952) she married King Christian X of Denmark on 26 April 1898. They had two sons.
- Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (9 April 1882 – 17 November 1945) he married Princess Alexandra of Hanover and Cumberland on 7 June 1904. They had five children.
- Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (20 September 1886 – 6 May 1954) she married Wilhelm, German Crown Prince on 6 June 1905. They had six children.
Honours
He received the following orders and decorations:[4][5]
- German honours
Mecklenburg:
- Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore and Collar
- Founder of the Order of the Griffon, 15 September 1884[6]
- Memorial Medal for Grand Duke Frederick Francis II
- Cross for Distinction in War (Strelitz)
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Baden:[7]
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1879
- Knight of the Order of Berthold the First, 1879
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Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, with Swords and Collar
Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Collar and Golden Crown, 19 September 1872[8].svg.png.webp)
Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 26 September 1869; with Collar, 1873[9]
- Grand Cross of the Red Eagle
- Iron Cross (1870), 2nd Class
- Knight of Honour of the Johanniter Order, 1873; Knight of Justice, 1874[9]
Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
Hesse-Darmstadt: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 12 October 1864[10]
Reuss: Cross of Honour.svg.png.webp)
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1874[11].svg.png.webp)
Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1877[12]
- Foreign honours
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Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1894[13]
Principality of Bulgaria: Grand Cross of St. Alexander
Denmark: Knight of the Elephant, 17 July 1894[14].svg.png.webp)
Kingdom of Greece: Grand Cross of the Redeemer_crowned.svg.png.webp)
Kingdom of Italy:
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Empire of Japan: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, 5 June 1885[16].svg.png.webp)
Ottoman Empire:
- Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class in Diamonds
- Gold and Silver Imtiyaz Medals
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Beylik of Tunis: Grand Cordon of the Order of Glory.svg.png.webp)
Kingdom of Portugal: Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword, with Collar.svg.png.webp)
Siam: Grand Cross of the White Elephant.svg.png.webp)
Kingdom of Serbia: Grand Cross of the White Eagle.svg.png.webp)
Sweden-Norway: Knight of the Seraphim, 22 April 1896[17].svg.png.webp)
Russian Empire:
Ancestry
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Literature
- Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller, Mann für Mann, pages 253
- Hans von Tresckow, Von Fürsten und anderen Sterblichen, Erinnerungen eines Kriminalkommisars, 1922, Berlin, page 89
References
- ↑ Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller, Mann für Mann, pages 253
- ↑ "The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Shown to Have Committed Suicide" (PDF). New York Times. 1897-04-13. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ↑ "The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Schwerin Did Not Commit Suicide" (PDF). New York Times. 1897-04-15. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ↑ Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalendar, 1895 p. 1
- ↑ Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalendar, 1897 pp. 1-2
- ↑ Daniel Corston. "Unofficial website dedicated to the Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz". mecklenburg-strelitz.org.
- ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1888), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 61, 73
- ↑ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: 1879. Schulze. 1879. p. 34.
- 1 2 "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), Berlin, 1: 7, 1003, 1886
- ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 11
- ↑ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1896), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 14
- ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1896), "Königliche Orden" p. 28
- ↑ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 466. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
- ↑ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.
- ↑ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 144.
- ↑ Sveriges statskalender (PDF) (in Swedish), 1897, p. 413, retrieved 10 March 2021 – via gupea.ub.gu.se
External links
Media related to Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin at Wikimedia Commons
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