The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan— that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.
Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan.
| Category | Total species | Endemic species (& ssp.) | Percentages |
| Mammals | 70 | 45 | 64% |
| Birds | 450 | 84 | 19% |
| Reptiles | 85 | 27 | 32% |
| Amphibians | 37 | 17 | 46% |
| Freshwater fish | 220 | 36 | 16% |
| Butterflies | 400 | 50 | 13% |
| Total | 1,257 | 252 | 20% |
Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.[1]
| Category | Total (native) species | Endemic species (& ssp.) | Percentages |
| Pteridophytes | 629 | 72 | 11% |
| Gymnosperms | 28 | 18 | 64% |
| Dicotyledons | 2,410 | 750 | 31% |
| Monocotyledons | 1,010 | 227 | 23% |
| Total | 4,077 | 1,067 | 26% |
Endemic fauna
Endemic mammals
 Formosan serow  Formosan macaque |
- Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
- Formosan black bear – Ursus thibetanus formosanus
- Formosan ferret-badger – Melogale subaurantiaca (Swinhoe)
- Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
- Formosan boar – Sus scrofa taivanus
- Formosan sika deer – Cervus nippon taiouanus
- Taiwan serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
- Order Eulipotyphla (shrews and kin)
- Taiwanese mole shrew – Anourosorex yamashinai Kuroda
- Tada's shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
- Formosan shrew – Episoriculus fumidus Thomas
- Koshun shrew – Chodsigoa sodalis Thomas
- Kano's mole – Mogera kanoana Kawada et al.
- Order Rodentia (rodents)
- Formosan field vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
- Spinous country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
- Formosan white-bellied rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
- Kikuchi's field vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
- Formosan giant flying squirrel – Petaurista grandis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan red-and-white giant flying squirrel – Petaurista lena Thomas
- Order Primate (primates)
- Formosan macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
- Order Chiroptera (bats)
- Formosan long-eared bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
- Long-toed myotis – Myotis secundus Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou
- Reddish myotis – Myotis soror Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou
- Formosan mouse-eared bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
- Formosan broad-muzzled bat – Submyotodon latirostris Kishida
- Bicolored tube-nosed bat – Murina bicolor Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee
- Slender tube-nosed bat – Murina gracilis Kuo et al.
- Formosan tube-nosed bat – Murina puta Kishida
- Murina recondita Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2009
- Yellow-necked bat – Thainycteris torquatus Gabor & Lee
- Formosan leaf-nosed bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
- Formosan greater horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
- Formosan lesser horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen
Endemic birds
 Taiwan blue magpie  Taiwan whistling thrush  Mikado pheasant |
32 endemic bird species and another 52 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 686 bird species). The thirty-two endemic species make up about 4.6 % of all birds living in Taiwan.
- Order Passeriformes (passerines and relatives)
- Taiwan yellow tit – Machlolophus holsti
- Chestnut-bellied tit – Sittiparus castaneoventris
- White-whiskered laughingthrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
- White-throated laughingthrush – Pterorhinus albogularis
- Rusty laughingthrush – Pterorhinus poecilorhynchus
- White-eared sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
- Taiwan scimitar babbler – Pomatorhinus musicus
- Black-necklaced scimitar babbler – Erythrogenys erythrocnemis
- Taiwan cupwing – Pnoepyga formosana
- Taiwan barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
- Steere's liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
- Morrison's fulvetta – Alcippe morrisonia
- Taiwan blue magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
- Styan's bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
- Taiwan whistling thrush – Myophonus insularis Gould
- Collared bush robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
- White-browed bush robin – Tarsiger indicus
- Taiwan bullfinch – Pyrrhula owstoni
- Taiwan rosefinch – Carpodacus formosanus
- Taiwan vivid niltava – Niltava vivida
- Taiwan thrush – Turdus niveiceps
- Taiwan shortwing – Brachypteryx goodfellowi
- Taiwan fulvetta – Fulvetta formosana
- Flamecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
- Taiwan bush warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
- Taiwan hwamei – Garrulax taewanus
- Order Galliformes (chicken-like birds)
- Taiwan partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan bamboo partridge – Bambusicola sonorivox
- Mikado pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilvie-Grant)
- Swinhoe's pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)
- Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
- Taiwan barbet – Megalaima nuchalis
Endemic reptiles
- Order Squamata (lizards and snakes)
- Formosan smooth skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
- Taiwan forest skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
- Plestiodon leucostictus (Hikida, 1988)
- Lanyu scaly-toed gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
- Kikuchi's gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
- Gekko guishanicus – Lin & Yao, 2016
- Short-legged japalure – Diploderma brevipes Gressitt
- Diploderma luei – Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998
- Maki's japalura – Diploderma makii Ota
- Swinhoe's japalura – Diploderma swinhonis Gunther
- Formosan legless lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
- Formosa grass lizard – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
- Sauteri grass lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
- Hsuehshan grass lizard – Takydromus hsuehshanensis Lin & Cheng
- Stejneger's grass lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
- Hengchun blind snake – Argyrophis koshunensis Oshima
- Taiwan slug-eating snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
- Formosa odd-scaled snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
- Black odd-scaled snake – Achalinus niger Maki
- Maki's keelback – Hebius miyajimae Maki
- Swinhoe's grass snake – Rhabdophis swinhonis (Günther)
- Formosa coral snake – Sinomicrurus sauteri (Steindachner)
- Swinhoe's temperate Asian coralsnake – Sinomicrurus swinhoei (Van Dengurgh)
- Taiwan pit viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima
Endemic amphibians
- Order Anura (frogs and toads)
- Central Formosa toad – Bufo bankorensis
- Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad – Micryletta steinegeri
- Swinhoe's brown frog – Odorrana swinhoana
- Taipa frog – Rana longicrus
- Sauter's brown frog – Rana sauteri
- Ota's stream tree frog – Buergeria otai
- Robust Buerger's frog – Buergeria robusta]]
- Kurixalus berylliniris
- Temple treefrog – Kurixalus idiootocus
- Kurixalus wangi
- Farmland green treefrog – Zhangixalus arvalis
- Orange-belly treefrog – Zhangixalus aurantiventris
- Moltrecht's green tree frog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
- Emerald green treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
- Taipei tree frog – Zhangixalus taipeianus
- Order Urodela (salamanders and newts)
- Alishan salamander – Hynobius arisanensis
- Formosan salamander – Hynobius formosanus
- Taiwan lesser salamander – Hynobius fuca
- Nanhu salamander – Hynobius glacialis
- Sonani's salamander – Hynobius sonani
Endemic freshwater fishes
 Formosan landlocked salmon |
- Order Cypriniformes (minnows and carp)
- Taitung river loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng & Shen
- Formosan river loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
- Shen's river loach – Hemimyzon sheni Chen & Fang
- River loach – Formosania lacustris (Steindachner)
- Pulin river loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
- Metzia mesembrinum (Regan)
- Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
- Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
- Lake Candidus dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
- Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu & Nalbant
- Taiwan ku fish – Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
- Freshwater minnow – Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther
- Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu & Nalbant
- Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
- Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
- Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
- Order Gobiiformes (gobies and their relatives)
- Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
- Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen)
- Goby – Rhinogobius candidianus Regan
- Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma & Chen
- Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
- Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma & Chen
- Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen & Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen & Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen & Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee & Chang
- Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller & Fang
- Order Siluriformes (catfishes)
- Formosan torrent catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
- Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
- Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan
- Order Osmeriformes (smelts, galaxiids, and relatives)
- Ariake icefish – Neosalanx acuticeps Regan (endangered)[2]
- Order Salmoniformes (salmons and trouts)
- Formosan landlocked salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan & Oshima)
Endemic flora
Cultivated crops endemic to Taiwan:
See also
- List of protected species in Taiwan
- Category:Endemic flora of Taiwan
- Category:Endemic fauna of Taiwan
References
- ↑ Hsieh, C. F. (2002) Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora. Taiwania 47(4): 298-310.
- ↑ Neosalanx acuticeps
External links
- Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute
- Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network
- Taiwan Ecological Research Network
- Ecogrid project
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