Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.
Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
List
Below is the list of Constituencies of Russia, organised by federal subject.
- Ufa constituency (No. 3)
- Blagoveshchensk constituency (No. 4)
- Beloretsk constituency (No. 5)
- Neftekamsk constituency (No. 6)
- Salavat constituency (No. 7)
- Sterlitamak constituency (No. 8)
- Privolzhsky constituency (No. 26)
- Moskovsky constituency (No. 27)
- Nizhnekamsk constituency (No. 28)
- Naberezhnye Chelny constituency (No. 29)
- Almetyevsk constituency (No. 30)
- Central constituency (No. 31)
- Barnaul constituency (No. 39)
- Rubtsovsk constituency (No. 40)
- Biysk constituency (No. 41)
- Slavgorod constituency (No. 42)
- Krasnodar constituency (No. 46)
- Krasnoarmeysky constituency (No. 47)
- Slavyansk-na-Kubani constituency (No. 48)
- Tuapse constituency (No. 49)
- Sochi constituency (No. 50)
- Tikhoretsk constituency (No. 51)
- Armavir constituency (No. 52)
- Kanevskaya constituency (No. 53)
- Krasnoyarsk constituency (No. 54)
- Central constituency (No. 55)
- Divnogorsk constituency (No. 56)
- Yeniseysk constituency (No. 57)
- Perm constituency (No. 58)
- Chusovoy constituency (No. 59)
- Kungur constituency (No. 60)
- Kudymkar constituency (No. 61)
- Stavropol constituency (No. 65)
- Nevinnomyssk constituency (No. 66)
- Mineralnye Vody constituency (No. 67)
- Georgiyevsk constituency (No. 68)
- Volgograd constituency (No. 81)
- Krasnoarmeysky constituency (No. 82)
- Mikhaylovka constituency (No. 83)
- Volzhsky constituency (No. 84)
- Voronezh constituency (No. 87)
- Pravoberezhny constituency (No. 88)
- Anna constituency (No.89)
- Pavlovsky constituency (No. 90)
- Irkutsk constituency (No. 93)
- Angarsk constituency (No. 94)
- Shelekhov constituency (No. 95)
- Bratsk constituency (No. 96)
- Kemerovo constituency (No. 101)
- Prokopyevsk constituency (No. 102)
- Zavodskoy constituency (No. 103)
- Novokuznetsk constituency (No. 104)
- Balashikha constituency (No. 117)
- Dmitrov constituency (No. 118)
- Kolomna constituency (No. 119)
- Krasnogorsk constituency (No. 120)
- Lyubertsy constituency (No. 121)
- Odintsovo constituency (No. 122)
- Orekhovo-Zuyevo constituency (No. 123)
- Podolsk constituency (No. 124)
- Sergiyev Posad constituency (No. 125)
- Serpukhov constituency (No. 126)
- Shchyolkovo constituency (No. 127)
- Nizhny Novgorod constituency (No. 129)
- Prioksky constituency (No. 130)
- Avtozavodsky constituency (No. 131)
- Kanavinsky constituency (No. 132)
- Bor constituency (No. 133)
- Novosibirsk constituency (No. 135)
- Central constituency (No. 136)
- Iskitim constituency (No. 137)
- Barabinsk constituency (No. 138)
- Rostov constituency (No. 149)
- Nizhnedonskoy constituency (No. 150)
- Taganrog constituency (No. 151)
- Southern constituency (No. 152)
- Belaya Kalitva constituency (No. 153)
- Shakhty constituency (No. 154)
- Volgodonsk constituency (No. 155)
- Samara constituency (No. 158)
- Tolyatti constituency (No. 159)
- Krasnoglinsky constituency (No. 160)
- Zhigulyovsk constituency (No. 161)
- Promyshlenny constituency (No. 162)
- Saratov constituency (No. 163)
- Balakovo constituency (No. 164)
- Balashov constituency (No. 165)
- Engels constituency (No. 166)
- Sverdlovsk constituency (No. 168)
- Kamensk-Uralsky constituency (No. 169)
- Beryozovsky constituency (No. 170)
- Nizhny Tagil constituency (No. 171)
- Asbest constituency (No. 172)
- Pervouralsk constituency (No. 173)
- Serov constituency (No. 174)
- Chelyabinsk constituency (No. 189)
- Metallurgichesky constituency (No. 190)
- Korkino constituency (No. 191)
- Magnitogorsk constituency (No. 192)
- Zlatoust constituency (No. 193)
- Babushkinsky constituency (No. 196)
- Kuntsevo constituency (No. 197)
- Leningradsky constituency (No. 198)
- Lyublino constituency (No. 199)
- Medvedkovo constituency (No. 200)
- Nagatinsky constituency (No. 201)
- New Moscow constituency (No. 202)
- Orekhovo–Borisovo constituency (No. 203)
- Perovo constituency (No. 204)
- Preobrazhensky constituency (No. 205)
- Tushino constituency (No. 206)
- Khovrino constituency (No. 207)
- Central constituency (No. 208)
- Cheryomushki constituency (No. 209)
- Chertanovo constituency (No. 210)
Russian gerrymandering
Gerrymandering is the process of drawing the boundaries of electoral districts to favor a certain political force.[2] In Russia, this comes through the "Lepestkovy" (Russian: лепестковый) drawing of constituencies.[3] These "Lepestkovy" drawing usually involves major cities and/or regional capitals being split up between multiple constituencies. This is done to split up urban voters (who tend to be more liberal) and pair them up with a bigger rural population. This is present in many of Russia's constituencies.
Redistricting
Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years.
The 2015-2025 layout was created on the basis that there are 109,902,583 voters in all of Russia.
The number of constituencies a Federal Subject is entitled to is determined using the Hare Quota. By dividing the total number of voters in Russia (109,902,583) by 225 (the total amount of Deputies, elected through single-mandate constituencies), you get 488,455.924, the desired average number of voters in a constituency, also known as the "Government Norm" (GN). The next step is to divide the number of voters in a Federal Subject by the GN, and then rounding down to the lowest whole number. If the remainder is sizeable, then the Federal Subject receives an additional constituency. Table with examples below.
| Federal Subject | Number of voters in the Federal Subject | Number of voters in a Federal Subject ÷ GN | Provisional number of constituencies | Remainder | Additional number of constituencies | Final number of constituencies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karelia | 540,436 | 1.106 | 1 | 0.106 | 0 | 1 |
| Tomsk Oblast | 767,847 | 1.572 | 1 | 0.572 | 1 | 2 |
| Dagestan | 1,626,829 | 3.331 | 3 | 0.331 | 0 | 3 |
| Altai Krai | 1,899,225 | 3.888 | 3 | 0.888 | 1 | 4 |
| Chelyabinsk Oblast | 2,715,204 | 5.559 | 5 | 0.559 | 0 | 5 |
| Moscow | 7,318,019 | 14.982 | 14 | 0.982 | 1 | 15 |
Former Constituencies
Russian State Duma Election results by constituency
2016 election results
Detailed Results of the 2016 Russian legislative Election by constituency.
| Party | Constituency Vote | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | |||
| United Russia | 25,162,770 | 50.12 | 203 | ||
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation | 6,492,145 | 12.93 | 7 | ||
| A Just Russia | 5,017,645 | 10.00 | 7 | ||
| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia | 5,064,794 | 10.09 | 5 | ||
| Rodina | 1,241,642 | 2.47 | 1 | ||
| Independent | 429,051 | 0.85 | 1 | ||
| Civic Platform | 364,100 | 0.73 | 1 | ||
| Communists of Russia | 1,847,824 | 3.68 | 0 | ||
| Yabloko | 1,323,793 | 2.64 | 0 | ||
| Party of Growth | 1,171,259 | 2.33 | 0 | ||
| The Greens | 770,076 | 1.53 | 0 | ||
| Patriots of Russia | 704,197 | 1.40 | 0 | ||
| People's Freedom Party | 530,862 | 1.06 | 0 | ||
| Civilian Power | 79,922 | 0.16 | 0 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,767,725 | – | – | ||
| Total | 51,967,805 (47.88%) | 100 | 225 | ||
| Registered voters | 109,636,794 (100%) | – | – | ||
| Source: Central Election Commission | |||||
2021 election results
Results of the 2021 Russian legislative election by constituency.
| Party | Constituency Vote | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | |||
| United Russia | 25,201,048 | 45.86 | 198 | ||
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation | 8,984,506 | 16.35 | 9 | ||
| A Just Russia — For Truth | 4,882,518 | 8.78 | 8 | ||
| Independents | 646,950 | 1.18 | 5 | ||
| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia | 3,234,113 | 5.89 | 2 | ||
| Rodina | 829,303 | 1.51 | 1 | ||
| Party of Growth | 515,020 | 0.94 | 1 | ||
| Civic Platform | 386,663 | 0.70 | 1 | ||
| New People | 2,684,082 | 4.88 | 0 | ||
| Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice | 1,969,986 | 3.58 | 0 | ||
| Communists of Russia | 1,639,774 | 2.98 | 0 | ||
| Yabloko | 1,091,837 | 1.99 | 0 | ||
| The Greens | 541,289 | 0.98 | 0 | ||
| Russian Party of Freedom and Justice | 372,867 | 0.68 | 0 | ||
| Green Alternative | 120,137 | 0.22 | 0 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,913,578 | 3.48 | – | ||
| Total | 55,013,671(50.83%) | 100 | 225 | ||
| Registered voters | 108,231,085 (100%) | ||||
| Source: Central Election Commission Archived 2021-09-27 at the Wayback Machine | |||||
References
- ↑ "1. Адыгейский одномандатный избирательный округ". Депутат Клуб (in Russian). 2016-03-15. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
- ↑ "ДЖЕРРИМЕНДЕРИНГ - это... Что такое ДЖЕРРИМЕНДЕРИНГ?". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-30.
- ↑ "Егор Боратов: Лепестковая нарезка среднестатистического избирателя". polit.ru. Retrieved 2021-07-30.