Giganthorhynchidae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Archiacanthocephala
Order: Gigantorhynchida
Southwell and Macfie, 1925
Family: Giganthorhynchidae
Hamann, 1892

Gigantorhynchida is an order containing a single family, Gigantorhynchidae[1] of parasitic worms that attach themselves to the intestinal wall of terrestrial vertebrates. Gigantorhynchida contains the following three genera:[2]

The genus Gigantorhynchus is characterized by the presence of a cylindrical proboscis with a crown of robust hooks at the apex followed by numerous small hooks on the rest of the proboscis.[3][4] The body, or trunk, is long with pseudosegmentation, the lemnisci are filiform, and the testes are ellipsoid.[3] Species of Gigantorhynchus are distinguished based on the number and size of hooks on the crown of the proboscis, the type of pseudosegmentation, and size of the ellipsoid eggs.[3] Males of all species possess eight cement glands which are used to temporarily close the posterior end of the female after copulation.[5] There is pronounced sexual dimorphism with the female often two or more times longer than the male.[3]
There is one species, Intraproboscis sanghae in this genus. It was found infesting the African black-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tetradactyla) in the Central African Republic.[6]

Taxonomy

Archiacanthocephala
Archiacanthocephala
Oligacanthorhynchidae

Macracanthorhynchus ingens

Oncicola venezuelensis

Oligacanthorhynchus tortuosa

Nephridiacanthus major

Moniliformidae

Moniliformis moniliformis

Gigantorhynchida

Mediorhynchus sp.

Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus

Phylogenetic reconstruction for select species in the class Archiacanthocephala[3][7]

Phylogenetically, the family Gigantorhynchidae is sister to the family Moniliformidae, represented by sequences of Moniliformis Moniliformis that form a supported monophyletic group. The group formed by Gigantorhynchidae and Moniliformidae suggest it to be a sister to the group formed by sequences of Macracanthorhynchus ingens and Oncicola venezuelensis[3]

Notes

    References

    1. ↑ Encyclopedia of Life www.eol.org
    2. ↑ "ITIS - Report: Giganthorhynchidae".
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nascimento Gomes, Ana Paula; Cesário, Clarice Silva; Olifiers, Natalie; de Cassia Bianchi, Rita; Maldonado, Arnaldo; Vilela, Roberto do Val (December 2019). "New morphological and genetic data of Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (Diesing, 1851) (Acanthocephala: Archiacanthocephala) in the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae)". International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. 10: 281–288. doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.09.008. PMC 6906829. PMID 31867208.
    4. ↑ Bhattacharya, S. B. (2007). Handbook on Indian Acanthocephala (PDF). Kolkata, Kinda: Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. pp. 14–15.
    5. ↑ Bush, Albert O.; Fernández, Jacqueline C.; Esch, Gerald W.; Seed, J. Richard (2001). Parasitism: the diversity and ecology of animal parasites. Cambridge, UK New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-521-66278-8. OCLC 44131774.
    6. 1 2 Amin, Omar M.; Heckmann, Richard A.; Sist, Birgit; Basso, Walter U. (2021). "A Review of the Parasite Fauna of the Black-Bellied Pangolin, Phataginus tetradactyla Lin. (Manidae), from Central Africa with the Description of Intraproboscis sanghae n. gen., n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae)". Journal of Parasitology. 107 (2). doi:10.1645/20-126. PMID 33711161. S2CID 232217193.
    7. ↑ Amin, O.M.; Sharifdini, M.; Heckmann, R.A.; Zarean, M. (2020). "New perspectives on Nephridiacanthus major (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) collected from hedgehogs in Iran". Journal of Helminthology. 94: e133. doi:10.1017/S0022149X20000073. PMID 32114988. S2CID 211725160.


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