Goucher College
Former name
Women's College of Baltimore (1885–1910)
Motto
Gratia et Veritas (Latin)
Motto in English
Grace and Truth
TypePrivate liberal arts college
Established1885 (1885)
Academic affiliation
NAICU
CIC
AG
Endowment$243.3 million (2023)[1]
PresidentKent Devereaux
Academic staff
203[2]
Undergraduates1,100[3]
Postgraduates900[3]
Location
Towson
,
Maryland
,
United States
CampusSuburban, 287 acres (116 ha)[3]
ColorsBlue and Gold    
NicknameGophers
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division III – Landmark Conference
MascotRowdy
Websitegoucher.edu
Goucher College
Facade of the non-denominational Haebler Memorial Chapel at the center of Goucher's campus
Goucher College is located in Maryland
Goucher College
Goucher College is located in the United States
Goucher College
Location1021 Dulaney Valley Road, Towson, Maryland
Coordinates39°24′28″N 76°35′32″W / 39.40778°N 76.59222°W / 39.40778; -76.59222
Area287 acres (116 ha)
Built1921
ArchitectMoore & Hutchins; Sasaki, Hideo, et al.
Architectural styleModern Movement
NRHP reference No.07000885[4]
Added to NRHPAugust 28, 2007

Goucher College (/ˈɡaʊtʃər/ ⓘ GOW-chər) is a private liberal arts college in Towson, Maryland. Founded in 1885 as a non-denominational women's college in Baltimore's central district, the college is named for pastor and missionary John F. Goucher, who enlisted local leaders of the Methodist Episcopal Church to establish the school's charter.[5] Goucher relocated to its present Towson campus in 1953 and became coeducational in 1986.[6]

Goucher grants BA and BS degrees in a range of disciplines across 31 majors and 39 minors. Goucher is among the few colleges in the United States to require all undergraduates spend a semester studying abroad.[7] Goucher is a member of the Landmark Conference and competes in the NCAA's Division III in lacrosse, tennis, soccer, volleyball, basketball, and horseback riding. Goucher partners with nearby Johns Hopkins University, Loyola University Maryland, and the University of Baltimore to allow students to earn accelerated post-graduate or combined undergraduate degrees.[8][9] Goucher also offers a postbaccalaureate premedical program, master's programs in the arts and humanities, and professional development courses in writing and education.[10][11] As of 2023, Goucher enrolls approximately 1,100 undergraduates and 900 post-graduates.[12][13] Loren Pope profiled Goucher among forty institutions of higher learning in his 1996 book Colleges That Change Lives.[14]

Goucher counts notable alumni in law, business, journalism, academia, and government, including conservative journalist Jonah Goldberg, former First Lady of Puerto Rico Lucé Vela, Judge Ellen Lipton Hollander of the District Court for the District of Maryland, 27th Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard Sally Brice-O'Hara, former president of First Republic Bank Katherine August-DeWilde, and the third president of California State University, San Marcos, Karen S. Haynes.

History

Early in its history, Goucher played an important role nationally in providing women access to higher education. Many ground-breaking women doctors, researchers, and scientists graduated from Goucher in the early 20th century, including Hattie Alexander, Florence B. Seibert, and Margaret Irving Handy. Judge Sarah T. Hughes of Texas, who was famously photographed administering the presidential oath of office to Lyndon B. Johnson aboard Air Force One, graduated from Goucher in 1917. A daughter of President Woodrow Wilson, Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre, also graduated Goucher and went on to play a significant role in the women's suffrage movement.

19th century

The college was renamed to "Goucher College" in 1913. The college's namesake, John F. Goucher, served as its second president.

In 1881, the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church passed a resolution to found a seminary. The proposal was met with some objection, with one member stating, "I would not give a fig for a weakling little thing of a seminary. We want such a school, so ample in its provisions, of such dignity in its buildings, so fully provided with the best apparatus, that it shall draw to itself the eyes of the community and that young people shall feel it an honor to be enrolled among its students."[15] Minister and conference member John B. Van Meter asserted "that the Conference [should] make the foundation and endowment of a female college the single object of its organized effort."[15]

Van Meter was joined by fellow minister John Franklin Goucher (1845–1922) and together they eventually persuaded the conference to found a college, instead.[15] Subsequently, the Women's College of Baltimore City ("City" was later dropped) was chartered on January 26, 1885. It opened its doors in 1888, and four years later graduated its first class of just five students.[16]

John F. Goucher, despite being the school's namesake and co-founder, was not the college's first president. Although offered the post, he declined, and it went to William Hersey Hopkins, who had served as president of St. John's College in Annapolis.[17] After Hopkins resigned in 1890 to join the faculty, the board of trustees voted unanimously to renominate Goucher. Under pressure from the board, Goucher relented and accepted the position, which he held for nearly two decades. Goucher and his wife Mary Cecilia Fisher made significant financial contributions to the college, including the bequest of a portion of his estate.[15]

20th century

During President Goucher's tenure, enrollment grew but the college suffered financial deficits.[15] In 1904, the college became the second in Maryland to establish a Phi Beta Kappa chapter, after Johns Hopkins University.[18] Goucher stepped down in 1908 to resume his international missionary work but remained involved with the school as president emeritus until his death in 1922.[17] In 1910, the school was renamed Goucher College in his honor.[19]

In 1913, the college inaugurated its fourth president, William W. Guth, who oversaw the construction of several new residence halls and a successful million-dollar fundraising campaign.[15]

A colorized postcard photo of Goucher's Baltimore campus circa 1920

Around this time, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, whose daughter Jessie was a Goucher alumna, expressed support for the college's fundraising efforts in correspondence with the administration, writing in March 1913, "It would, indeed, be ... evidence that our great educational public does not fully understand its own interests if an institution which has served with such faithfulness ... in the cause of woman's education should be allowed to break up for the lack of money."[20] By 1914, Goucher was one of six "Class I" colleges for women in the U.S.[21] In 1921, Goucher purchased 421 acres of land in nearby Towson that had belonged to the estate of a prominent Baltimore family for $150,000.[22] The move from Baltimore to the Towson suburbs was completed in 1953.[15][6]

The college's original seal

Before 1950, Goucher hosted nearly a dozen sorority chapters on campus including Kappa Kappa Gamma, Kappa Alpha Theta, Gamma Phi Beta, and Pi Beta Phi. They were disbanded as of the move to Towson.[23]

Goucher turned coeducational in 1986 when the board of trustees voted to admit men, citing declining enrollment and reduced national interest by women in single-sex colleges.[24] The decision was controversial among many current students and a minority of alumnae. However it was followed by increased enrollment and sustained support from the school's donors, with Goucher's endowment growing nearly five-fold from $45 million in 1986.[25][26] Then-president Rhoda M. Dorsey, who also initially resisted the proposal, presided over the transition.[27][6]

Old Goucher

Goucher's former Baltimore campus is now known as Old Goucher. The school maintained no affiliation with the property after its sale. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.[28][29] Many of its Romanesque structures have been preserved and re-purposed for commercial, public, and residential use.[30] The school's Towson campus was added to the historic register in 2007.[31]

Campus

Goucher occupies a green, wooded 287-acre (1.16 km2) campus that is proximate and northeast to downtown Towson. Surrounding the central campus infrastructure is a dense forest, owned by the school, which features low hills and hiking and jogging trails, some of which are also used by the college's equestrian riders.[32][33] The non-denominational Haebler Memorial Chapel lies near the center of campus. A walking path, called the Van Meter Highway, connects to most of the college's residential, academic, recreational, and athletic buildings, while one road, the Loop Road, circles campus.[34][35] Newsweek magazine described the campus as "unusually bucolic."[36] It has also been referred to by CBS Baltimore as one of Baltimore County's most scenic college campuses.[37] A scene at the fictional Hammond University from the fourth season of the Netflix series House of Cards was filmed on Goucher's campus, with most shots taking place at the Athenaeum and the Rhoda M. Dorsey College Center.[38]

Academic buildings

Sanford J. Ungar Athenaeum
Sanford J. Ungar Athenaeum

Goucher's main academic buildings, including Van Meter Hall and Julia Rogers, are located at the northern portion of campus, called the "academic quad".[39] The Hoffberger Science Building houses the school's science departments and is adjacent to the Meyerhoff Arts Building, which contains a theater, photo studio, and several galleries and out of which the dance, theater, and art departments are based.[40][41] Student Administrative Services and the admissions office are located in the Rhoda M. Dorsey College Center. Near the center of the campus and opposite Mary Fisher Hall is the Athenaeum, or "the Ath," a 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m2) modern, multipurpose facility built in 2009, comprising the main library, an on-campus restaurant, classrooms, lecture halls, and an open auditorium. The Athenaeum is where speakers who visit the campus are typically hosted.[42] The Merrick Lecture Hall, a partial amphitheater situated near Van Meter Hall, is also a regular venue for on-campus recitals, performances, sponsored political debates, and other productions.[43] The college is currently fundraising to build its Science Innovation Center, which will be a 44,000-square foot annex to the Hoffberger Science Building.[44]

Housing and residential halls

Pagliaro Selz Hall

The college's residence halls are concentrated on the south side of campus. They are Heubeck, Froelicher, Stimson, Mary Fisher, Sondheim, Stimson, Welsh Hall, known by students as "the T" for its T-shaped design, which was completed in 2005.[45] In addition in 2018, the school completed construction of the "First-year Village" for freshmen, which includes Pagliaro Selz Hall, Fireside Hall, and Trustees Hall.[46] Campus housing for students includes singles, doubles, triples, suites, and on-campus apartments. Sondheim is the sole residence hall designated as substance-free.[47] In July 2018, Goucher announced a campus-wide ban on cigarettes and all smoking devices, including electronic cigarettes.[48]

Athletic and recreational facilities

The campus's outdoor sports facilities include a 107,000 square foot turf stadium field known on campus as Gopher Stadium, three grass practice fields, an outdoor track, twelve tennis courts that opened in 2019 as part of the Evelyn Dyke Schroedl '62 Tennis Center, as well as separate courts for racquetball and squash, and an equestrian center. The Decker Sports and Recreation Center contains a six-lane, 25-yard pool, dance studios, a basketball court, gymnasium, varsity locker rooms, a fully equipped weight room, and a cardio fitness center. The equestrian center lies on the northernmost edge of campus and contains two barns, 10 turnout paddocks, indoor and outdoor riding rings, and several riding fields, in addition to wooded trails shared with pedestrians.[49][50][51]

Mary Fisher Dining Hall

Design, layout, and sustainability

The architectural design firm responsible for planning the campus, Moore and Hutchins, elected to group buildings together into informal zones based on function, departing from the Romanesque style of the previous Baltimore campus.[52] The buildings on campus are clad in tan-colored Butler stone, which was chosen to reflect a Modernist theme.[53] Over the years, the architecture of the campus has won numerous awards.[54] The campus has also been recognized for its commitment to sustainability and energy efficiency, being called a "Top 25 Green College."[55] In 2009, Goucher announced a goal for all new and existing buildings to achieve at least a Silver rating according to the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building certification system.[56] In 2007, the campus was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[57]

The campus underwent significant changes when in 2017 several of its primary residential buildings were relocated as part of an extensive plan to construct a "First-year Village" comprising modernized residential halls and recreational facilities for newly matriculated freshmen.[58][59] The new freshmen dorms have a capacity of 450 and opened in the fall of 2018.[60] These developments coincided with substantial renovations to Mary Fisher Hall, with its campus cafe upgraded to a full-fledged, 550-seat dining hall.[61][46] Goucher also announced plans to build a new 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m2) Science Research Center to provide additional lab space and resources for expanded biology, chemistry, and environmental science departments.[62] In order to raise capital for these projects, Goucher initiated a fundraising campaign to raise $100 million from alumni and other donors, of which it has raised $96 million to date.[63][64][65]

Academics

Rankings and reputation

Academic rankings
Liberal arts colleges
U.S. News & World Report[66]117
Washington Monthly[67]67
National
Forbes[68]410

In the U.S. News & World Report annual college rankings for 2021, Goucher tied for 120th among national liberal arts colleges, 11th in Most Innovative Schools, 72nd in Social Mobility, and 5th in Study Abroad.[69] Forbes in 2019 ranked Goucher at 138 in Liberal Arts Universities, 161 in the Northeast, 272 nationally among private colleges, and 410 overall among the best 650 colleges and universities in the U.S.[70] Washington Monthly ranked Goucher 67th among liberal arts colleges in 2019.[71]

The Princeton Review included Goucher in its 2019 edition of the "Best 384 Colleges"[72] and ranked it No. 5 in "Most Popular Study Abroad Program.”[73] Goucher was recognized as a top producer of Fulbright scholars by The Chronicle of Higher Education in 2018.[74] It was also profiled in the book Colleges that Change Lives by Loren Pope as one of forty institutions.[14] The school was one of the first in the country to require a study abroad of all undergraduates, along with Susquehanna University and Soka University of America.[75][76]

Admissions

Goucher's admissions process is rated as "selective" by U.S. News & World Report.[69] For the class of 2022, Goucher received 3,474 applications and had an acceptance rate of 79%.[77] Goucher has been SAT-optional since 2006.[78]

In 2014, the school received national coverage when it announced it would accept video-only applications without transcripts, essays, or test scores.[79] The decision was criticized by some who suggested that doing so represented a lowering of standards.[80] The school defended the decision as part of an effort to increase diversity among the student body and later reported that the average GPA of students admitted via the video application process met or exceeded that of students who submitted traditional applications.[81] For 2021, the average matriculated student's GPA was 3.14, with those reporting, the average SAT score was 1200, and average ACT score was 25.[82]

Undergraduate level

As of 2023, students choose from 31 majors, including an individualized interdisciplinary major, and 39 minors; there are also special orientation courses for first-year students.[13] The most popular majors are in the humanities and social sciences, languages, biological sciences, and performing arts.[83] Goucher is also well-known for its creative writing, dance, and pre-med departments. The student-faculty ratio is 10:1, and the average class size is 16.[84][85] The college also offers 4+1 bachelor’s/master’s programs itself and with Johns Hopkins University, Loyola University Maryland, Middlebury College, and University of Maryland, Baltimore and a dual degree engineering program with Columbia University.[12] Goucher is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.[86]

Goucher began requiring all undergraduates to study abroad in 2006, which was the most notable of several reforms to the school's curriculum in that period.[87] A popular choice for students is a three-week course abroad during the winter, spring, or summer. Goucher offers over 60 semester and yearlong study-abroad programs in 30 countries but allows students to register in programs by other schools.[88] Undergraduates are also expected to either complete an internship, participate in community engagement work, or work as a faculty research assistant. Goucher sponsors a competitive grant program for students participating in summer internships.[89][90]

In 2017, Goucher instituted a revamped set of general education requirements into the curriculum called "Goucher Commons" including a first-year seminar, emphasis on writing, data analytics, and foreign language and culture, a capstone course, and inquiry into at least two areas.[91][92] In 2018, Goucher announced plans to eliminate seven majors, including mathematics, physics, religion, music, and Russian studies, following a "Program Prioritization Process" involving faculty[93] which cited low overall interest in those majors among students.[94][95] The school said that advanced courses in these subjects will remain part of the overall curriculum and that the class of 2022 and students that were studying in those majors will be unaffected by the change.[96]

Maryland Governor Larry Hogan speaks with students in the Athenaeum

Graduate level

Goucher's graduate program is run out of the Welch Center for Graduate and Professional Studies, which is named for late former acting president Robert S. Welch.[97] The school grants Master of Arts, Master of Education, and Master of Fine Arts degrees in fields including art and technology and historic preservation.[98][99]

Certificate and other programs

Since 1993, Goucher has offered a full-time post-baccalaureate pre-medical program with 96% of students over the course of its history gaining acceptance to medical school and 99.7% over the past decade.[100][101] The program accepts approximately 32 students annually. It has linkage agreements with several schools including the University of Pennsylvania, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Alpert Medical School, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Stony Brook, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Hofstra, and the University of Pittsburgh.[102]

Goucher also grants certificates through a program for teachers called the AP (Advanced Placement) Summer Institute recognizing specialties with at-risk learners, middle school, reading instruction, improving school leadership, and educational technology.[103]

Goucher Prison Education Partnership

In 2012, Goucher founded the Goucher Prison Education Partnership (GPEP), a division of the college that expands the academic community to include individuals incarcerated in two Maryland state prisons. In 2015, GPEP hosted the Department of Education at the Maryland Correctional Institution - Jessup (MCI-J) to announce the Second Chance Pell Grant pilot program and became one of 67 colleges selected in 2016 to provide individuals incarcerated in the U.S. the opportunity to use federal Pell grants to earn college credits.[104] Goucher offers a bachelor's degree in American Studies to students enrolled through GPEP. The division primarily operates on private grants and donations raised by its staff, with some funds provided through federal Pell grants.[105] Each year, around 130 GPEP students at MCI-J and the Maryland Correctional Institution for Women (MCIW) enroll in college classes taught by faculty from Goucher and other local colleges and universities.[106]

Student life

Clubs and extracurriculars

Goucher has over 60 student-run clubs including the Chem Club, which is the oldest continuously operating club on campus, Hillel, an a capella group called Red Hot Blue, a poetry club, a black student union called Umoja, Model United Nations, and a student-labor action committee.[107] The college also publishes a bi-weekly student newspaper called The Quindecim and a literary arts journal called Preface.[108] Other media run by the school is Goucher Student Radio, which contains a host of student, staff, and faculty programming and is streamed online.[109] Many students also participate in Goucher Student Government, which holds elections, oversees the activities of clubs, passes resolutions, and votes on matters affecting the general student body.[110] Similar to several other private liberal arts schools in the northeast, Goucher does not recognize any fraternities or sororities on campus.[111]

Athletics

The gopher is Goucher's mascot.

Goucher's athletic teams are known as the Gophers. In 2007 the college joined the Landmark Conference after competing as a member of the Capital Athletic Conference from 1991 to 2007.[112][113] Goucher competes in the NCAA's Division III, fielding men's and women's teams in lacrosse, soccer, basketball, track and field, cross country, golf, swimming, and tennis, as well as women's teams in field hockey and volleyball.[114] Goucher also competes nationally in co-ed equestrian sports through the Intercollegiate Horse Show Association.[115]

Demographics

Approximately 67% of undergraduates are female.[116] About 37% of the student body identifies as African-American, Asian, Hispanic, or Native-American.[117] Goucher also has one of the highest percentages of Jewish students in the country at 26%, according to Hillel International.[118] Goucher attracts students both nationally and internationally; undergraduates in 2017 came from 46 states and 50 countries.[119] Twenty-five percent of students qualify for Pell Grants, and Goucher has been recognized for its success in graduating Pell Grant recipients as compared to the national average.[120][121] For the class of 2022, the top five represented home states were Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, California, and New Jersey, and 26% of the incoming class were first-generation college students, while more than one-third of that class were in the top 20% of their graduating high school class.[122]

Other activities on campus

Goucher has hosted the Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth summer program for gifted students. Goucher students are credited with conceiving the nationally popular campus game Humans vs. Zombies, which is organized by students annually, and the commercial party game Cards Against Humanity.[123] Another of the school's annual traditions is known as GIG, "Get into Goucher," in which students participate in campus-wide celebrations, concerts, and other festivities.[124] Goucher also hosts English as a second language and computer literacy classes under a program called the Futuro Latino Learning Center, run by students and college instructors.[125][126]

Goucher College Poll

The school regularly conducts the Goucher College Poll, which operates under the Sarah T. Hughes Center for Politics, a member of the Association of Academic Survey Research Organizations and the American Association for Public Opinion Research Transparency Initiative. The Goucher College Poll is conducted by phone and asks Maryland residents statewide their opinions on politics, the economy, and cultural issues.[127] The polling is performed by Goucher students out of a 40-station computer-aided telephone interviewer lab.[128] The poll is typically conducted twice a year, and a methodology statement is provided with each release. The results are covered in local and regional media like The Baltimore Sun and The Washington Post.[129][130]

The Hallowed Ground Project

The Hallowed Ground Project started in 2018, under the name the Goucher History Project, to research the history of the enslaved people who were forced to live and labor on the land in Towson prior to emancipation in the state in 1864. Students and faculty are working on the project to digitize records and develop initiatives to acknowledge the history of slavery on the campus’ current land through the curriculum and other means. Goucher College has also joined the Universities Studying Slavery (USS) consortium.[131] [132]

Notable faculty and alumni

Well-known Goucher faculty and professors emeritus include Jean H. Baker and Julie Roy Jeffrey of the history department, Nancy Hubbard from the business and accounting department, president emeritus Sanford J. Ungar, and authors Madison Smartt Bell and Elizabeth Spires, who oversee the college's Kratz Center for Creative Writing.[133][134]

Goucher has over 21,000 living alumni, and many of its graduates have gone on to make contributions in the arts and literature, sciences, journalism, business, academia, government, and other fields.[135]

Historical alumni include women scientists like Helen Dodson Prince and Florence Seibert, and doctors like Bessie L. Moses (graduated 1915), who was founder of Baltimore's Bureau for Contraceptive Advice, and Georgeanna Seegar Jones. Other historical graduates include Mary Cromwell Jarrett, who made scientific breakthroughs within post-traumatic stress disorder studies, Judge Sarah T. Hughes, who swore in Lyndon B. Johnson to the presidency, former First Daughter Jessie Woodrow Wilson, and the Academy-Award nominated actress Mildred Dunnock.

Living alumni include authors Sarah Pinsker, Darcey Steinke, and Jesse J. Holland; photographers Ruddy Roye and Rosalind Fox Solomon, and federal judges Ellen Lipton Hollander for the United States District Court for the District of Maryland and Phyllis A. Kravitch for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.[136]

Other prominent alumni include molecular and cellular biologist Lydia Villa-Komaroff, former First Lady of Puerto Rico Lucé Vela, 27th Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard Sally Brice-O'Hara, former president of First Republic Bank Katherine August-DeWilde, the third president of California State University, San Marcos, Karen S. Haynes, the first woman to ever serve as the chief financial officer of a large corporation, Judy C. Lewent, political commentator, author, and founding editor-in-chief of The Dispatch Jonah Goldberg, 14th Baltimore County Executive Johnny Olszewski,[137] 26th Chief of Chaplains for the United States Navy Margaret G. Kibben, former president of Public Citizen Joan Claybrook, and former chairwoman of the United States International Trade Commission Paula Stern.[138]

References

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  4. ↑ "National Register Information System – (#07000885)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  5. ↑ "History of Goucher College". Goucher College. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
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  7. ↑ "All Abroad! Overseas Study Required at Goucher College [The Chronicle of Higher Ed] - International Division". international.wisc.edu. June 16, 2008. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
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  9. ↑ Milligan, Carley (May 27, 2020). "Goucher College, Johns Hopkins announce new dual degree program". Baltimore Business Journal. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  10. ↑ "Professional Development Certificate". Goucher College. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Post-Baccalaureate Premed Program". Goucher College. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  12. 1 2 "Majors, Minors & Programs". Goucher College. August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  13. 1 2 "Facts and Stats". Goucher College. August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  14. 1 2 Loren, Pope (August 28, 2012). Colleges That Change Lives (4th ed.). New York: Penguin Books. pp. 71–78. ISBN 9780143122302. OCLC 775417740.
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  34. ↑ "Self-Guided Tour" (PDF). Goucher College. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
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  40. ↑ "Hoffberger Science Building". Goucher College. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  41. ↑ "Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Arts Center". Goucher College. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  42. ↑ Lee, John. "Gubernatorial Candidates Hunt for "Sleeping Giant" Youth Vote". Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
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Further reading

  • Knipp, Anna Heubeck, and Thaddeus P. Thomas. The History of Goucher College (1938) online
  • Musser, Frederic O. The History of Goucher College, 1930–1985 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990).
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