Graceland Cemetery | |
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| Location | 4001 N. Clark Street,[1] Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 41°57′16.2″N 87°39′44.2″W / 41.954500°N 87.662278°W |
| Area | 119 acres (48 ha) |
| Built | 1860 |
| NRHP reference No. | 00001628[2] |
| Added to NRHP | January 18, 2001 |
Graceland Cemetery is a large historic garden cemetery located in the north side community area of Uptown, in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Established in 1860, its main entrance is at the intersection of Clark Street and Irving Park Road. Among the cemetery's 121 acres (49 ha) are the burial sites of several well-known Chicagoans.[3]
Graceland includes a naturalistic reflecting lake, surrounded by winding pathways, and its pastoral plantings have led it to become a certified arboretum of more than 2,000 trees. The cemetery's wide variety of burial monuments include a number designed by famous architects, several of whom are also buried in the cemetery.[4]
History
Thomas Barbour Bryan, a Chicago businessman, established Graceland Cemetery in 1860 with the original 80-acre (32 ha) layout designed by Swain Nelson.[3][5] Bryan's son, Daniel Page Bryan, was the first person to be buried at the cemetery after having been disinterred and removed from the city cemetery in Lincoln Park along with approximately 2,000 other individuals.[6][7] In 1870, Horace Cleveland designed curving paths, open vistas, and a small lake to create a park-like setting.[5] In 1878, Bryan hired his nephew Bryan Lathrop as president. In 1879, the cemetery acquired an additional 35 acres (14 ha), and Ossian Cole Simonds was hired as its landscape architect to design the addition. Lathrop and Simonds wanted to incorporate naturalistic settings to create picturesque views that were the foundation of the Prairie style.[5][7][8] Lathrop was open to new ideas and provided opportunities for experimentation which led to Simonds use of native plants including oak, ash, witch hazel, and dogwood at a time when many viewed native plants as invasive. The Graceland Cemetery Association designated one section of the grounds to be devoid of monuments and instituted a review process led by Simonds for monuments and family plots.[9] Simonds later became the superintendent at Graceland until 1897, and continued on as a consultant until his death in 1931.[5][10]
Graceland Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 2001.[11]
Geography
Graceland Cemetery is an example of a rural cemetery, which is a style of cemetery characterized by landscaped natural areas. The concept of the rural cemetery emerged in the early 19th century as a response to overcrowding and poor maintenance in existing cemeteries in Europe.[12]
In the 19th century, a train to the north suburbs occupied the eastern edge of the cemetery, where the Chicago "L" train now runs. The line was also used to carry mourners to funerals, in specially rented funeral cars. As a result, there was an entry through the east wall, which has since been closed. When founded, the cemetery was well outside the city limits of Chicago. After the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, Lincoln Park, which had been the city's cemetery, was deconsecrated and some of the bodies were reinterred to Graceland Cemetery.
The edge of the pond around Daniel Burnham's burial island was once lined with broken headstones and coping transported from Lincoln Park. Lincoln Park was redeveloped as a recreational area. A single mausoleum remains, the "Couch tomb", containing the remains of Ira Couch.[13] The Couch Tomb is probably the oldest extant structure in the city, everything else having been destroyed by the Great Chicago Fire.[14]
The cemetery's walls are topped off with wrought iron spear point fencing.
Notable tombs and monuments
Many of the cemetery's tombs are of great architectural or artistic interest, including the Getty Tomb, the Martin Ryerson Mausoleum (both designed by architect Louis Sullivan, who is also buried in the cemetery), and the Schoenhofen Pyramid Mausoleum. The industrialist George Pullman was buried at night, in a lead-lined coffin within an elaborately reinforced steel-and-concrete vault, to prevent his body from being exhumed and desecrated by labor activists.
William Hulbert, the first president of the National League, has a monument in the shape of a baseball with the names of the original National League cities on it.[15]
Along with its other famous burials, the cemetery is notable for two statues by the renowned Chicago sculptor Lorado Taft, Eternal Silence for the Graves family plot and The Crusader that marks Victor Lawson's final resting place.
The cemetery is also the final resting place of 31 victims of the Iroquois Theatre fire, in which more than 600 people died.
Notable burials
The mausoleum of Potter Palmer and Bertha Honoré Palmer
- David Adler, architect[16]
- Walter Webb Allport, dentist[17]
- John Peter Altgeld, Governor of Illinois[18]
- Amabel Anderson Arnold, organized the Woman's State Bar Association of Missouri, the first association of women lawyers in the world[19]
- Philip Danforth Armour, meat packing magnate[18]
- Ernie Banks, Chicago Cubs Hall of Fame baseball player[20]
- Frederic Clay Bartlett, artist, art collector
- Granville Bates, American actor[21]
- Mary Hastings Bradley, author[22]
- Lorenz Brentano, member of the State House of Representatives, United States consul at Dresden, Congressional Representative for Illinois[23]
- Doug Buffone, Chicago Bears former linebacker, host WSCR[24]
- Daniel H. Burnham, architect[25]
- Fred A. Busse, mayor of Chicago[26]
- Justin Butterfield, attorney, land grant developer[27]
- Ronald Coase, economist
- Lydia Avery Coonley, author[28]
- Oscar Stanton De Priest[29] first African American in the 20th century to be elected to Congress.
- William Deering, founder of Deering Harvester Company, which later became International Harvester Company, father of James and Charles Deering[30]
- James Deering, executive of Deering Harvester Company and original owner of the Villa Vizcaya estate
- Charles Deering, executive of Deering Harvester Company, former chairman of International Harvester Company, and philanthropist
- Augustus Dickens, brother of Charles Dickens (he died penniless in Chicago)[22]
- Roger Ebert, film critic, journalist, screenwriter, author
- George Elmslie, architect
- John Jacob Esher (1823–1901), Bishop of the Evangelical Association[31]
- Marshall Field, businessman, retailer, whose memorial was designed by Henry Bacon, with sculpture by Daniel Chester French[32]
- Bob Fitzsimmons, Heavyweight boxing champion, born in Cornwall, UK[33]
- Melville Fuller, Chief Justice of the United States[34]
- Elbert H. Gary, judge, chairman of U.S. Steel, namesake of Gary, Indiana.
- Bruce A. Goff, architect[25]
- Sarah E. Goode, first African-American woman to receive a United States patent
- Bruce Graham, co-architect of John Hancock building and Sears Tower (now called the Willis Tower)
- Dexter Graves was an early pioneer in the city who arrived on the schooner Telegraph in the 1830s.[35] His memorial by Lorado Taft is the statue Eternal Silence (also known as "the Dexter Graves Monument").
- Richard T. Greener, first black graduate of Harvard (1870), first black professor at the University of South Carolina (1873–1877), administrator for the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial, and diplomat to Russia
- Marion Mahony Griffin, architect[25]
- Carter Harrison, Sr., mayor of Chicago[36]
- Carter Harrison, Jr., mayor of Chicago[37]
- Joe Hill, labor activist, incinerated here, ashes scattered elsewhere
- Herbert Hitchcock, US Senator from South Dakota[38]
- William Holabird, architect[39]
- Henry Honoré, businessman, father of Bertha Honoré Palmer, father-in-law of Potter Palmer
- William Hulbert, president of baseball's National League
- Charles L. Hutchinson, banker, philanthropist and founding president of the Art Institute of Chicago
- Isadore Gilbert Jeffery (1840-1919), poet[40]
- William Le Baron Jenney, architect, Father of the American skyscraper[25]
- Elmer C. Jensen, "The Dean of Chicago Architects"
- Jack Johnson, first African-American heavyweight boxing champion[41]
- William Johnson, educator who served as superintendent of Chicago Public Schools[42]
- John and Mary Richardson Jones, husband-and-wife abolitionists and activists
- Fazlur Khan, co-architect of John Hancock building and Sears Tower (now called the Willis Tower)[25]
Getty Tomb for Carrie Eliza Getty, designed by Louis Sullivan, 1890
- William Wallace Kimball, Kimball Piano and Organ Company
- John Kinzie, Canadian pioneer, early white settler in the city of Chicago[22]
- Cornelius Krieghoff, Canadian artist
- Bryan Lathrop, businessman, philanthropist, and longtime president of the cemetery[43]
- Robert Henry Lawrence Jr., first African American astronaut (cremated at Graceland, but not physically buried there)
- Victor F. Lawson, editor and publisher of the Chicago Daily News[44]
- Agnes Lee, poet and translator
- Li Fu Lee, first Chinese woman to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Frank Lowden, Governor of Illinois[45]
- Franklin H. Martin, physician[46]
- Alexander C. McClurg, bookseller and Civil War general
- Cyrus McCormick, businessman, inventor
- Edith Rockefeller McCormick, Daughter-in-law of reaper inventor Cyrus McCormick and one of the four adult children of John D. Rockefeller[22]
- Katherine Dexter McCormick, Daughter-in-law of reaper inventor Cyrus McCormick, MIT grad, biologist, suffragist, philanthropist
- Maryland Mathison Hooper McCormick, second wife of Col. Robert R. McCormick[47]
- Nancy "Nettie" Fowler McCormick, businesswoman, philanthropist
- Joseph Medill, publisher, mayor of Chicago[48]
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architect[25]
- László Moholy-Nagy, influential photographer, teacher, and founder of the New Bauhaus and Institute of Design IIT in Chicago[25]
- Dawn Clark Netsch, comptroller of Illinois, professor & spouse of architect Walter Netsch
- Walter Netsch, architect[25]
- Richard Nickel, photographer, architectural historian and preservationist[25]
- Ruth Page, dancer and choreographer[49]
- Bertha Honoré Palmer, philanthropist[32]
- Francis W. Palmer, newspaper printer, U.S. Representative, Public Printer of the United States[50]
- Potter Palmer, businessman[32]
- Richard Peck, author[51]
- Allan Pinkerton, detective, progenitor of the Secret Service[52]
- William Henry Powell, Medal of Honor recipient
- George Pullman, inventor and railway industrialist
- Wilhelm Rapp, newspaper editor
- Hermann Raster, newspaper editor, politician and abolitionist
- John Wellborn Root, architect[53]
- Howard Van Doren Shaw, architect[25]
- Washington Smith, pioneer wholesale grocer and philanthropist.[54] The Washington and Jane Smith Home (now Smith Village) was named in his honor.[55]
- Louis Sullivan, architect[25]
- Charles Wacker, businessman and philanthropist, also director of the 1893 Columbian Exposition[56]
- Kate Warne, first female detective, Allan Pinkerton employee[57]
- Hempstead Washburne, mayor of Chicago[58]
- Daniel Hale Williams, African-American surgeon who performed one of the first successful operations on the pericardium[59]
- George Ellery Wood, lumber baron.[60] His home, built in 1885, on 2801 S. Prairie Ave. in Chicago, IL is a historical landmark[61]
See also
Notes
- ↑ "Graceland Cemetery and Arboretum". gracelandcemetery.org. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
- ↑ "National Register Information System – (#00001628)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- 1 2 "Graceland Cemetery". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. Archived from the original on November 3, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
- ↑ Kamin, Blair. "Column: Graceland Cemetery is an unexpected green oasis, with architecture galore. Don't miss these monuments". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 "Graceland Cemetery – IL | The Cultural Landscape Foundation". tclf.org. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- ↑ Simon, Andreas (1894). Chicago: The Garden City ... Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- 1 2 Funigiello, Philip J. (1994). Florence Lathrop Page: A Biography. University of Virginia Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0813914893.
- ↑ Lanctot, Barbara (1988). A Walk Through Graceland Cemetery. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Architectural Foundation. p. 2.
- ↑ Tishler, William H. (2004). Midwestern Landscape Architecture. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252072147. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
- ↑ "O.C. Simonds | The Cultural Landscape Foundation". tclf.org. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- ↑ "NPGallery Asset Detail". npgallery.nps.gov. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- ↑ Vernon, Christopher (2012). Graceland Cemetery: A Design History. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 23–25. ISBN 978-1558499263.
- ↑ Dabs. "Chicago Cemeteries". Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
- ↑ Bannos, Pamela (2012). "The Couch Tomb — Hidden truths: Visualizing the City Cemetery". The Chicago Cemetery & Lincoln Park. Northwestern University. Archived from the original on November 28, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
- ↑ Bojanowski, Mike (October 6, 2016). "A Tour Of The Cubs-Related Graves At Graceland Cemetery". Archived from the original on July 7, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
- ↑ "David Adler". David Adler Center for Music and Arts. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Thorpe, Burton Lee (1910). Koch, Charles R. E. (ed.). History of Dental Surgery. Vol. III. Fort Wayne, IN: National Art Publishing Company.
- 1 2 Rosenow, Michael (2015). Death and Dying in the Working Class, 1865–1920. University of Illinois Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0252097119. Archived from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
- ↑ Spencer, Thomas E. (1998). Where They're Buried: A Directory Containing More Than Twenty Thousand Names of Notable Persons Buried in American Cemeteries, with Listings of Many Prominent People who Were Cremated. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 4. ISBN 978-0806348230. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ↑ Fox News. "'Mr. Cub' Ernie Banks laid to rest at Graceland Cemetery". fox32chicago.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- ↑ "Obituaries – Granville Bates". The Chicago Tribune. XCIX (167): 14. July 12, 1940.
- 1 2 3 4 "Who in the Dickens is that?". Graceland Cemetery and Arboretum. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ↑ "Bioguide Search". bioguide.congress.gov. Archived from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
- ↑ "Chicago Says Goodbye To Beloved Bear Doug Buffone". CBS Chicago. CBS Broadcasting Inc. April 24, 2015. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "The Cemetery of Architects". Graceland Cemetery and Arboretum. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
- ↑ "Mayor Fred A. Busse Biography". Chicago Public Library. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
- ↑ Bannos, Pamela (2012). "Cemetery Lot Owners — Hidden truths: Visualizing the City Cemetery". The Chicago Cemetery & Lincoln Park. Northwestern University. Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ↑ "Mrs. Lydia A. Coonley Ward, Author, Dies". Democrat and Chronicle. February 27, 1924. p. 1. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "De Priest, Oscar Stanton – Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
- ↑ "William Deering, born in Maine, 1826, died in Florida 1913". eBook from the library of the University of Illinois. 1914. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ↑ "J.J. Esher, Long a Bishop, Dead". Chicago Tribune. April 16, 1901. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Monuments and their Makers". Graceland Cemetery and Arboretum. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
- ↑ Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed. McFarland. p. 245. ISBN 978-1476625997. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
- ↑ Zangs, Mary (2014). The Chicago 77: A Community Area Handbook. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1625851468. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
- ↑ Rodkin, Dennis (March 2006). "Why Everybody Loves Naperville". Chicago. Archived from the original on December 12, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
- ↑ "Mayor Carter Henry Harrison III Biography". Chicago Public Library. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ "Mayor Carter Henry Harrison IV Biography". Chicago Public Library. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ "Hitchcock, Herbert Emery, (1867-1958)". Biographical Directory of the United States of Congress. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
- ↑ AIA Guide to Chicago. University of Illinois Press. 2014. p. 234. ISBN 978-0252096136. Archived from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ↑ "Obit. Isadore G. Jeffery. February 23, 1919, Chicago". Chicago Tribune. February 24, 1919. p. 19. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- ↑ Kelder, Robert (January 25, 2005). "Visitors drawn to Jack Johnson's Grave". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
- ↑ White, Theresa Mary (1988). "Coping with Administrative Pressures in the Chicago Schools' Superintendency: An Analysis of William Henry Johnson, 1936–1946". Loyola University Chicago. p. 198. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Bryan Lathrop Funeral Held at Graceland Chapel". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 16, 1916. p. 17. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Matt Hucke and Ursula Bielski. Graveyards of Chicago. Lake Claremont Press, 1999. 21.
- ↑ "Lowden, Frank Orren (1861–1943)". Biographical Directory of the United States of Congress. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ↑ "Dr. Franklin Martin to be Buried Today". The New York Times. March 12, 1935. p. 21. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- ↑ "Maryland Mathison Hooper McCormick (1897–1985) Archived December 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine". Cantigny. Retrieved on June 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Mayor Joseph Medill Biography". Chicago Public Library. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
- ↑ Hartz, Taylor (October 31, 2017). "Lots of graves – but no ghosts – on Halloween Graceland Cemetery Tour". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
- ↑ "Palmer, Francis Wayland, (1827–1907)". Biographical Directory of the United States of Congress. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ↑ Shannon Maughan (May 24, 2018). "Obituary: Richard Peck". Publishers Weekly. PWxyz, LLC. Archived from the original on August 31, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- ↑ "Allan Pinkerton". National Park Service. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
- ↑ Lanctot, Barbara (1988). A Walk Through Graceland Cemetery. Chicago: Chicago Architectural Foundation. pp. 14–15.
- ↑ Guyer, Isaac D. (1862). History of Chicago – Its Commercial and Manufacturing Interests and Industry. Chicago: Church, Goodman & Cushing, Book and Job Printers. pp. 96–97.
- ↑ "$1,000,000 Is Left for Old Folks' Home". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 8, 1923. p. 17. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Lanctot. Barbara, ‘’A Walk Through Graceland Cemetery: A Chicago Architecture Foundation Walking Tour, A Chicago Architecture Foundation Walking Tour, Chicago, IL, 1992 p. 30
- ↑ "Public Figures and Private Eyes". Graceland Cemetery and Arboretum. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ↑ "Graceland Cemetery Last Resting Place for Notable Chicagoans". Southern Illinoisan. Carbondale, IL. August 4, 1982. p. P1. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Daniel Hale Williams [1856–1931]". Northwestern University Library University Archives. Northwestern University. September 17, 2000. Archived from the original on June 14, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ↑ "American Lumbermen, Chicago, IL 1906 p. 145". 1906. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ↑ Chicago's Mansions. ISBN 1439615195. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2023 – via Google Search.
Further reading
- Hucke, Matt and Bielski, Ursula (1999) Graveyards of Chicago: the people, history, art, and lore of Cook County Cemeteries, Lake Claremont Press, Chicago
- Kiefer, Charles D., Achilles, Rolf, and Vogel, Neil A. "Graceland Cemetery" (PDF), National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, HAARGIS Database, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, June 18, 2000, accessed October 8, 2011.
- Lanctot, Barbara (1988) A Walk Through Graceland Cemetery, Chicago Architectural Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
- Vernon, Christopher (2012) Graceland Cemetery: A Design History. Amherst, MA: Library of American Landscape History and University of Massachusetts Press.
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