The Capture of Foudroyant by HMS Monmouth, 28 February 1758. Painting by F. Swaine, 1725-1782. National Maritime Museum, London.
History
Royal Navy EnsignGreat Britain
NameHMS Monmouth
BuilderPhineas Pett II, Chatham dockyard
Launched1667
Honours and
awards
FateBroken up, 1767
General characteristics as built[1]
Class and type66-gun third-rate ship of the line
Tons burthen856 bm
Length118 ft 9 in (36.20 m) (keel)
Beam36 ft 10 in (11.23 m)
Depth of hold15 ft 6 in (4.72 m)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Armament66 guns of various weights of shot
General characteristics after 1700 rebuild[2]
Class and type66-gun third-rate ship of the line
Tons burthen944 bm
Length147 ft 9 in (45.03 m) (gundeck)
Beam38 ft (12 m)
Depth of hold16 ft (4.9 m)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Armament66 guns of various weights of shot
General characteristics after 1718 rebuild[3]
Class and type1706 Establishment 70-gun third-rate ship of the line
Tons burthen1174 bm
Length150 ft (46 m) (gundeck)
Beam41 ft (12 m)
Depth of hold17 ft 4 in (5.28 m)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Armament
  • 70 guns:
  • Gundeck (GD): 26 × 24-pounder guns
  • Upper gundeck (UD): 26 × 12-pounder guns
  • QD: 14 × 6-pounder guns
  • Fc: 4 × 6-pounder guns
General characteristics after 1742 rebuild[4]
Class and type1733 proposals 70-gun third-rate ship of the line
Tons burthen1225 bm
Length151 ft (46 m) (gundeck)
Beam43 ft 5 in (13.23 m)
Depth of hold17 ft 9 in (5.41 m)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Armament
  • 70 guns:
  • GD: 26 × 24-pounder guns
  • UD: 26 × 12-pounder guns
  • QD: 14 × 6-pounder guns
  • Fc: 4 × 6-pounder guns

HMS Monmouth was a 66-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy,[1] and was likely named for James, Duke of Monmouth.[5] She served from 1667 to 1767, winning ten battle honours over a century of active service. She was rebuilt a total of three times during her career—each time effectively becoming a completely new ship.

She was built at Chatham Dockyard in 1667 by Phineas Pett II—seeing action whilst still in the Thames, during the Raid on the Medway, and fought at the Battle of Solebay in 1672, shortly followed by the Battle of Texel in 1673. She fought at the Battle of Barfleur in 1692. Monmouth underwent her first rebuild at Woolwich Dockyard in 1700, remaining a 66-gun ship.[2] She fought at the Battle of Vigo Bay in 1702 under Admiral John Baker who was also captain at the Capture of Gibraltar and the Battle of Málaga in 1704.[6]

In 1707, she had belonged to Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell's fleet. She saw action during the unsuccessful Battle of Toulon and was present during the great naval disaster off the Isles of Scilly when Shovell and four of his ships (Association, Firebrand, Romney and Eagle) were lost, claiming the lives of nearly 2,000[7] sailors. Monmouth suffered little to no damage and finally managed to reach Portsmouth.

Her second rebuild was carried out at Portsmouth Dockyard, where she was increased to a 70-gun ship built according to the 1706 Establishment, and relaunched on 3 June 1718.[3] On 7 September 1739 Monmouth was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt for what was to be the final time at Deptford according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment. She was relaunched on 6 September 1742.[4]

In 1747, she fought at Finisterre and Ushant. On 2 March 1747 Monmouth, Captain Henry Harrison, brought into Plymouth a French privateer of 20 carriage guns and eight swivel guns. The privateer was the Comte de Maurepas and capturing her required a chase of three days.[8] At about the same time Monmouth captured the privateer Queen of Hungary.[9]

In 1758 Monmouth captured the larger French ship Foudroyant.[10] After Monmouth's commander, Captain Arthur Gardiner (formerly Byng's flag captain),[11] was severely wounded by a strike of grape shot on the forehead and taken below deck, the four ship's lieutenants (Robert Carkett, David Winzar, Stephen Hammick and Lt Campbell) continued the battle. Second Lt Stephen Hammick was the commander of the lower gundeck and a poem was composed by the Colley Cibber which ran: "Whilst gallant Hammick points his guns with care, not one random shot he fires in the air....etc."[12]

The battle was concluded after the arrival of HMS Swiftsure, who delivered the final volley. The captain of the Foudroyant, M. le Marquis de Quesne, after surrendering his ship to Lt Carkett on the Monmouth, preferred to hand his sword to Carkett, for whom he had the greatest admiration. The total losses on the Monmouth were 29 killed and 81 wounded. The dead, including Captain Gardiner, were buried at sea near Cape de Gata on the afternoon of Saturday 4 March. The ship was then taken to Gibraltar for repair.[13]

In a small twist of fate, the Foudroyant was later to be commanded by Nelson - who was a cousin of Lt Hammick.

Monmouth was also present at Belle Île in 1761.

After a hundred years of service, she was finally broken up in 1767; a newspaper of the time gave her epitaph as

There was no ship she ever chased that she did not overtake: there was no enemy she ever fought that she did not capture.[14]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p161.
  2. 1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p167.
  3. 1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p168.
  4. 1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p171.
  5. ↑ Society for Nautical Research (1958). "HMS Monmouth". The Mariner's Mirror. 44–45.
  6. ↑ J. D. Davies, ‘Baker, John (1660–1716)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 accessed 11 June 2013
  7. ↑ Sobel, Dava, Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time, Fourth Estate Ltd., London 1998, p. 6, ISBN 1-85702-571-7
  8. ↑ "No. 8724". The London Gazette. 1 March 1747. p. 12.
  9. ↑ "No. 8894". The London Gazette. 17 October 1749. p. 6.
  10. ↑ Capture of Foudroyant, NMM.
  11. ↑ Famous Fighters of the Fleet, E Fraser, 1904
  12. ↑ On the Capture of the Foudroyant, Colley Cibber
  13. ↑ Famous Fighters of the Fleet, E. Fraser 1904
  14. ↑ Clayton, Tim, Tars: The Men who Made Britain Rule the Waves, Hodder & Stoughton, Great Britain 2007, p. 309, ISBN 978-0-340-89802-4

References

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