In Greek mythology, the Old Man of the Sea (Greek: ἅλιος γέρων, translit. hálios gérōn; Greek: Γέροντας της Θάλασσας, translit. Gérontas tēs Thálassas) was a figure who could be identified as any of several water-gods, generally Nereus or Proteus, but also Triton, Pontus, Phorcys or Glaucus. He is the father of Thetis (the mother of Achilles).[1]

Mythology

In book 4 of Homer's Odyssey, Menelaus recounts to Telemachus his journey home, and how he had to seek the advice of the Old Man of the Sea. The Old Man can answer any questions if captured, but capturing him means holding on as he changes from one form to another. Menelaus captured him, and during the course of questioning, asked if Telemachus' father Odysseus was still alive.

Sinbad

After being shipwrecked Sinbad the Sailor is enslaved by the "Old Man of the Sea".

Sinbad the Sailor encountered the monstrous Old Man of the Sea (Arabic: شيخ البحر, romanized: Shaykh al-Bahr) on his fifth voyage. The Old Man of the Sea in the Sinbad tales was said to trick a traveller into letting him ride on his shoulders while the traveller transported him across a stream. However, the Old Man would then not release his grip, forcing his victim to transport him wherever he pleased and allowing his victim little rest. The Old Man's victims all eventually died of this miserable treatment, with the Old Man either eating them or else robbing them. Sinbad, however, after getting the Old Man drunk with wine, was able to shake him off and kill him.[2]

References in poetry

The Old Man of the Sea is alluded to in Edwin Arlington Robinson's book-length narrative poem King Jasper.[3] In part 3 of the poem, King Jasper dreams of his deceased friend Hebron (whom Jasper betrayed) riding on his back. "You cannot fall yet, and I'm riding nicely," Hebron tells Jasper. "If only we might have the sight of water, / We'd say that I'm the Old Man of the Sea, / And you Sinbad the Sailor." Hebron then turns to gold (a symbol of Jasper's motivation for betraying him) and coaxes Jasper to leap across a ravine with the heavy, golden Hebron on his back.

The Old Man of the Sea also figures in the poetry of West Indian poet Derek Walcott. In a 1965 paper, "The Figure of Crusoe",[4] writing about the poem "Crusoe's Journal", Walcott notes:

It is not the Crusoe you recognize. I have compared him to Proteus, that mythological figure who changes shapes according to what we need him to be. Perhaps my mythology is wrong. I am, however, also summoning, in the combination of Crusoe and Proteus, the Old Man of the Sea with whom a mythological hero wrestled. The commercial Crusoe gives his name to our brochures and hotels. He has become the property of the Trinidad and Tobago Tourist board, and although it is the same symbol that I use, you must allow me to make him various, contradictory and as changeable as the Old Man of the Sea. ... My Crusoe, then, is Adam. Christopher Columbus, God, a missionary, a beachcomber, and his interpreter, Daniel Defoe.

Referencing the figures of Adam, Christofer (Columbus) and Friday in succession, the poem's narrator remarks, "All shapes, all objects multiplied from his,/our ocean's Proteus;/in childhood, his derelict's old age/was like a god's."

References in other works

  • The Old Man of the Sea is briefly mentioned in Michael Scott's The Sorceress: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel to prevent Perenelle Flamel from escaping Alcatraz.
  • Going by the name Nereus, this character features in The Titan's Curse, the third novel in the Percy Jackson and the Olympians series, in which Percy wrestles him.
  • The Old Man of the Sea is mentioned in The Devil's Code[5] (2000) by John Sandford. It is also mentioned in The Navigator[6] by Morris West.
  • The Old Man of the Sea is mentioned in The Log from the Sea of Cortez[7] by John Steinbeck.
  • The Old Man of the Sea is also a card in Magic: The Gathering trading card game in the expansion Arabian Nights based upon the character in Sinbad voyages, with Susan Van Camp's artwork clearly demonstrating a controlling and torturous character.[8]
  • The Old Man of the Sea is mentioned in Avengers, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1963) by Loki.
  • The Old Man also appears in the fourth episode of the Japanese anime series Arabian Nights: Sinbad's Adventures. This version is able to speak and execute feats of superhuman strength, and can turn himself into a humanoid goat.
  • The Old Man of the Sea is mentioned in Little Women (1868-9) by Jo in reference to Aunt March.
  • The Old Man of the Sea is mentioned in George Moore's short story 'Mildred Lawson' (1895): '[...] she had become a sort of Old Man of the Sea [...]' (Celibates, London: Walter Scott, 1895, page 104)
  • The Old Man of the Sea is mentioned multiple times in Beware of Pity by Stefan Zweig. One instance can be found on page 294.
  • The Old Man of the Sea is a follower card in the board game Talisman the Magical Adventure, 4th ed. The card curses the player to lose 1 life, 1 craft, or one strength every turn until he is delivered to the Tavern.
  • The Old Man of the Sea is mentioned in Methuselah's Children by Robert Heinlein.[9]
  • The Old Man of the Sea is also mentioned in The Golden Key by George MacDonald.

References

  1. ↑ Iliad, Book I, line 588 (Stanley Lombardo's notation)
  2. ↑ Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Old Man of the Sea" . The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
  3. ↑ Robinson, Edwin Arlington. King Jasper, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1935.
  4. ↑ Walcott, Derek (1997) [1965]. "The Figure of Crusoe". In Hamner, Robert D. (ed.). Critical perspectives on Derek Walcott (2nd ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Rienner. p. 33. ISBN 0-89410-142-0.
  5. ↑ Sandford, John (2000). The Devil's Code. G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 0-399-14650-4.
  6. ↑ West, Morris (1992). The Navigator. Mandarin. ISBN 0-7493-1074-X.
  7. ↑ Steinbeck, John; Ricketts, Edward Flanders (1995). The Log from the Sea of Cortez. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-018744-8.
  8. ↑ "Old Man of the Sea (Arabian Nights)". Gatherer – Magic: The Gathering.
  9. ↑ Heinlein, Robert A. (1999). Revolt in 2100 : and, Methuselah's Children. Riverdale, NY: Baen. ISBN 0-671-57780-8. OCLC 40675982.
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