(35396) 1997 XF11
Discovery[1][2]
Discovered bySpacewatch
Discovery siteKitt Peak National Obs.
Discovery date6 December 1997
Designations
(35396) 1997 XF11
1997 XF11
Orbital characteristics[3]
Epoch 13 September 2023
(JD 2453300.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc33.19 yr (12,121 days)
Aphelion2.139 AU (320.0 million km)
Perihelion0.7446 AU (111.39 million km)
1.442 AU (215.7 million km)
Eccentricity0.48369
1.73 yr (633 days)
44.44°
0° 34m 7.68s / day
Inclination4.0995°
213.65°
26 June 2023
103.06°
Earth MOID0.0003 AU (45 thousand km)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 0.704±0.103 km[4]
  • 0.940±0.480 km[5]
  • 1.39 km (derived)[6]
  • 3.252±0.002 h[7]
  • 3.253±0.002 h[8]
  • 3.2566±0.0002 h[9]
  • 3.25765±0.00005 h[10]
  • 3.259 h[6]
  • 3.2591±0.0025 h[6]
  • 0.18 (assumed)[6]
  • 0.29±0.21[5]
  • 0.7727±0.2436[4]

    (35396) 1997 XF11, provisional designation 1997 XF11, is a kilometer-sized asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object, Mars-crosser and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group.[1]

    2028 Earth/Moon approach[3]
    Date & Time Approach
    to    		 Nominal distance uncertainty
    region
    (3-sigma)
    2028-Oct-26 06:44Earth929253 km± 106 km[13]
    2028-Oct-26 07:39Moon1326430 km± 106 km

    Description

    Three months after its discovery on 6 December 1997 by James V. Scotti of the University of Arizona's Spacewatch Project, the asteroid was predicted to make an exceptionally close approach to Earth on 28 October 2028. Additional precovery observations of the asteroid from 1990 were quickly found that refined the orbit and it is now known the asteroid will pass Earth on 26 October 2028, at a distance of 929,000 km (2.42 LD).[3][14][15] During the close approach, the asteroid should peak at about apparent magnitude 8.2,[16] and will be visible in binoculars.[17]

    1997 XF11 measures between 0.7 and 1.4 kilometers in diameter.[6][4][5]

    This asteroid also regularly comes near the large asteroid Pallas.[15]

    IAU Circular

    On 11 March 1998, using a three-month observation arc, a faulty International Astronomical Union circular and press information sheet were put out that incorrectly concluded "that the asteroid was 'virtually certain' to pass within 80% of the distance to the Moon and stood a 'small...not entirely out of the question' possibility of hitting the Earth in 2028."[18] But by 23 December 1997, it should have been clear that XF11 had no reasonable possibility of an Earth impact.[18] Within hours of the announcement, independent calculations by Paul Chodas, Don Yeomans, and Karri Muinonen had calculated that the probability of Earth impact was essentially zero, and vastly less than the probability of impact from as-yet-undiscovered asteroids.[18] Chodas (1999) concurs with Marsden (1999) that based on the 1997 data alone there was about 1 chance in a hundred thousand that XF11 could have been on an Earth-impact trajectory—that is, until the 1990 precovery observations eliminated such possibilities.[19] During the October 2002 close approach, the asteroid was observed by the 70-meter Goldstone radar dish, further refining the orbit.[17]

    History of close approaches of large near-Earth objects since 1908 (A)
    PHA Date Approach distance (lunar dist.) Abs.
    mag
    (H)    		 Diameter (C)
    (m)    		 Ref (D)
    Nomi-
    nal(B)    		 Mini-
    mum    		 Maxi-
    mum
    (33342) 1998 WT241908-12-163.5423.5373.54717.9556–1795data
    (458732) 2011 MD51918-09-170.9110.9090.91317.9556–1795data
    (7482) 1994 PC11933-01-172.9272.9272.92816.8749–1357data
    69230 Hermes1937-10-301.9261.9261.92717.5668–2158data
    69230 Hermes1942-04-261.6511.6511.65117.5668–2158data
    (137108) 1999 AN101946-08-072.4322.4292.43517.9556–1795data
    (33342) 1998 WT241956-12-163.5233.5233.52317.9556–1795data
    (163243) 2002 FB31961-04-124.9034.9004.90616.41669–1695data
    (192642) 1999 RD321969-08-273.6273.6253.63016.31161–3750data
    (143651) 2003 QO1041981-05-182.7612.7602.76116.01333–4306data
    2017 CH11992-06-054.6913.3916.03717.9556–1795data
    (170086) 2002 XR141995-06-244.2594.2594.26018.0531–1714data
    (33342) 1998 WT242001-12-164.8594.8594.85917.9556–1795data
    4179 Toutatis2004-09-294.0314.0314.03115.32440–2450data
    2014 JO252017-04-194.5734.5734.57317.8582–1879data
    (137108) 1999 AN102027-08-071.0141.0101.01917.9556–1795data
    (35396) 1997 XF112028-10-262.4172.4172.41816.9881–2845data
    (154276) 2002 SY502071-10-303.4153.4123.41817.6714–1406data
    (164121) 2003 YT12073-04-294.4094.4094.40916.21167–2267data
    (385343) 2002 LV2076-08-044.1844.1834.18516.61011–3266data
    (52768) 1998 OR22079-04-164.6114.6114.61215.81462–4721data
    (33342) 1998 WT242099-12-184.9194.9194.91917.9556–1795data
    (85182) 1991 AQ2130-01-274.1404.1394.14117.11100data
    314082 Dryope2186-07-163.7092.9964.78617.5668–2158data
    (137126) 1999 CF92192-08-214.9704.9674.97318.0531–1714data
    (290772) 2005 VC2198-05-051.9511.7912.13417.6638–2061data
    (A) List includes near-Earth approaches of less than 5 lunar distances (LD) of objects with H brighter than 18.
    (B) Nominal geocentric distance from the Earth's center to the object's center (Earth radius≈0.017 LD).
    (C) Diameter: estimated, theoretical mean-diameter based on H and albedo range between X and Y.
    (D) Reference: data source from the JPL SBDB, with AU converted into LD (1 AU≈390 LD)
    (E) Color codes:   unobserved at close approach   observed during close approach   upcoming approaches

    References

    1. 1 2 3 "35396 (1997 XF11)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
    2. ↑ "MPEC 1997-Y11 : 1997 XF11". IAU Minor Planet Center. 23 December 1997. Retrieved 8 February 2012. (J97X11F)
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 35396 (1997 XF11)" (2023-05-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (4): 10. arXiv:1708.09504. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..168M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec. S2CID 45334910.
    5. 1 2 3 4 Trilling, David E.; Mommert, Michael; Hora, Joseph; Chesley, Steve; Emery, Joshua; Fazio, Giovanni; et al. (December 2016). "NEOSurvey 1: Initial Results from the Warm Spitzer Exploration Science Survey of Near-Earth Object Properties". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (6): 10. arXiv:1608.03673. Bibcode:2016AJ....152..172T. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/172. S2CID 56105212.
    6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "LCDB Data for (35396)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 18 January 2018.
    7. ↑ Martinez, Vicente Mas; Silva, Gonzalo Fornas; Martinez, Angel Flores; Garceran, Alfonso Carreno; Mansego, Enrique Arce; Rodriguez, Pedro Brines; et al. (October 2016). "Lightcurves for Two Near-Earth Asteroids by Asteroids Observers (OBAS) - MPPD: 2016 April-May". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (4): 283–284. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..283M. ISSN 1052-8091.
    8. ↑ Warner, Brian D. (October 2016). "Near-Earth Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2016 April-July". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (4): 311–319. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..311W. ISSN 1052-8091.
    9. ↑ Slivan, Stephen M.; Bowsher, Emily C.; Chang, Bena W. (December 2002). "Rotation period and spin direction of near-Earth asteroid (35396) 1997 XF11". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 30 (2): 29–30. Bibcode:2003MPBu...30...29S. ISSN 1052-8091.
    10. ↑ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (35396)". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
    11. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 – Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339.
    12. ↑ Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026.
    13. ↑ "Horizons Batch for 2028-10-26 Close Approach". JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023. RNG_3sigma = uncertainty range in km.
    14. ↑ Piero Sicoli; Francesco Manca. "Sormano Astronomical Observatory: Table of Next Closest Approaches to the Earth by Asteroids". Astronomical Observatory of Brera. Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
    15. 1 2 "NEODyS (35396) 1997XF11 Close Approaches". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, ITALY. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
    16. ↑ "1997XF11 Ephemerides for 26 Oct 2028". NEODyS (Near Earth Objects – Dynamic Site). Retrieved 16 October 2011.
    17. 1 2 "Halloween Asteroid". 31 October 2002. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
    18. 1 2 3 Clark R. Chapman (5 April 1998). "The Asteroid Impact Scare of Mid-March 1998" (last update: 3 September 1998). Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). Retrieved 8 February 2012.
    19. ↑ Clark R. Chapman (19 August 1999). "The AsteroidsComet Impact Hazard". Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). Retrieved 9 February 2012.
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