Hammersmith
Hammersmith Town Hall, built 1938 by E Berry Webber

Hammersmith within London from 1900 to 1965
Area
 • 19612,288 acres
 • Coordinates51°29′29″N 0°14′03″W / 51.4915°N 0.2341°W / 51.4915; -0.2341
Population
 • 184113,453
 • 1961110,333
History
 • Preceded byChapelry in Fulham
 • Created1834
 • Abolished1965
 • Succeeded byLondon Borough of Hammersmith
StatusCivil parish (1834–1965)
Metropolitan borough (1900–1965)
GovernmentHammersmith Vestry (1834–1855, 1886–1900)
Hammersmith Borough Council (1900–1965)
 • HQTown Hall, King Street
 • MottoSpectemur Agendo (Let us be judged by our acts)
The Arms of The Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith
Coat of arms
Map of borough boundary

Hammersmith was a civil parish and metropolitan borough in London, England. It was formed as a civil parish in 1834 from the chapelry of Hammersmith that had existed in the ancient parish of Fulham, Middlesex since 1631. The parish was grouped with Fulham as the Fulham District from 1855 until 1886, when separate parish administration was restored. In 1889 it became part of the County of London and in 1900 it became a metropolitan borough. It included Hammersmith, Wormwood Scrubs, Old Oak Common and Shepherd's Bush. In 1965 it was abolished and became the northern part of the London Borough of Hammersmith, since 1979 renamed the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham.

History

Hammersmith was part of the ancient parish of Fulham, Middlesex which occupied broadly the same area as the current London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in Greater London.

A chapel of ease was built for Hammersmith in 1631 and the chapelry developed its own independent vestry. This was recognised in 1834 when the parish of Hammersmith was split from the parish of Fulham. In 1855 the two parishes were combined for civil purposes as the Fulham District, governed by the Fulham District Board of Works. This coincided with the parish becoming part of the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works.

In 1886 the district was dissolved and the parish was governed by the Hammersmith Vestry. It was transferred from the County of Middlesex to the County of London in 1889. The parish became a metropolitan borough in 1900 and the Hammersmith Vestry became Hammersmith Borough Council.

In 1965 it was merged with the Metropolitan Borough of Fulham to form the London Borough of Hammersmith and was renamed Hammersmith and Fulham in 1979. The new London borough council retained Hammersmith's motto of Spectemur Agendo, although it was spelled out in English ("Let us be judged by our acts") in the new coat of arms for the first few years.

Coat of arms

Deputy Mayoress medal

The coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith was granted in 1897. It was Per pale azure and gules on a chevron or between in chief two cross crosslets and in base a scallop argent, three horseshoes of the second. The cross crosslets come from the arms of Edward Latymer, who founded schools in Hammersmith in the seventeenth century which later evolved into Latymer Upper School and the Godolphin and Latymer School (both feature cross crosslets in their coats of arms). The horseshoes come from the arms of brickmaker Nicholas Crisp, who introduced his technique into Hammersmith and who helped build a chapel, which was to become Hammersmith's parish church of Saint Paul; and the scallop comes from the arms of George Pring, a surgeon who projected Hammersmith Bridge. The crest was a castle tower surmounted by two hammers, a pun on the name Hammersmith.[1]

Poor law

With the introduction of the New Poor Law the parish became part of the Kensington Poor Law Union in 1837. From 1845, it was grouped with Fulham as the Fulham Poor Law Union.[2] In 1889 Hammersmith became a single parish for poor law purposes and this lasted until the boards of guardians were abolished in 1930.

Population and area

The borough covered 2,286 acres (9.3 km2). It included Hammersmith, Wormwood Scrubs, Old Oak Common and Shepherd's Bush.

The population in each census was:

Hammersmith Vestry 1801–1899

Year[3] 1801181118211831184118511861187118811891
Population5,6007,3938,80910,22213,45317,76024,51942,69171,93997,239

Metropolitan Borough 1900–1961

Year[4] 1901191119211931194119511961
Population112,239121,521130,295135,523[5]119,367110,333

Politics

A map showing the wards of Hammersmith Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916.

Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards; however the parishes of Fulham District Board of Works did not exceed this number so were not divided into wards.

In 1873 the population had increased enough for the parish of Hammersmith to be divided into three wards (electing vestrymen): North (24), Centre (27) and South (21).[6][7]

In 1894 as its population had increased the newly incorporated vestry was re-divided into six wards (electing vestrymen): No. 1 (12), No. 2 (18), No. 3 (15), No. 4 (15), No. 5 (6) and No. 6 (6).[8][9]

The metropolitan borough was divided into seven wards for elections: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 and No. 7.[10][11]

Borough council

Parliament constituency

For elections to Parliament, the borough was represented by one constituency:

In 1918 the borough's representation was increased to two seats:

In 1955 the borough's representation was reduced to one and a half seats, when part of it was merged with Fulham:

References

  1. ↑ "Civic Heraldry – County of London". Civic Heraldry. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  2. ↑ "Hammersmith". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  3. ↑ Statistical Abstract for London, 1901 (Vol. IV)
  4. ↑ "GB Historical GIS, University of Portsmouth, Hammersmith MetB through time, Population Statistics, Total Population, A Vision of Britain through Time". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  5. ↑ The census was suspended for World War II
  6. ↑ The London Gazette Issue: 23959. 18 March 1873. p. 1563. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  7. ↑ The London Gazette Issue: 23987. 13 June 1873. p. 2838. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  8. ↑ The London Gazette Issue: 26503. 13 April 1894. p. 2101. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  9. ↑ The London Gazette Issue: 26526. 26 June 1894. pp. 3658–3659. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  10. ↑ Post Office London County Suburbs Directory, 1919. 1919. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  11. ↑ Ordnance Survey 'County Series 3rd Edition' Map of London (1912-14) at 1:2500 scale. Accessed at https://www.old-maps.co.uk/

Further reading

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