Cyning (sovereign) |
Ætheling (prince) |
Ealdorman (Earl) |
Hold / High-reeve |
Thegn |
Thingmen / housecarl (retainer) |
Reeve / Verderer (bailiff) |
Churl (free tenant) |
Villein (serf) |
Cottar (cottager) |
Þēow (slave) |
Hold (or Hauld) was a title of nobility, used in early medieval Scandinavia and the English Danelaw.
History
Holds were described as "noblemen of exalted rank" in Viking Northumbria by Frank Stenton, with a wergild of 4000 thrymsas, equivalent to a king's high-reeve.[1] Hold is described as a title just below the earl in Oxford Dictionary of Surnames.
References
- ↑ Stenton, Frank M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.). Clarendon Press. p. 509. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
External links
- Eystein Eggen 2005 (Norwegian, Aftenposten)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.