View of Constantinople where Lello resided as English ambassador to the Ottoman empire

Sir Henry Lello was the English ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Warden of the Fleet Prison, and Keeper of the Palace of Westminster. He was involved in peace negotiations with the Habsburgs and the Ottomans, as well as with the Venetian and French ambassadors regarding the trading activites in the Levant.

Biography

The Fleet Prison in London, Sir Henry Lello became its Warden after buying the office from Sir Robert Tyrrel, Knight, for £11,000 in 1594[1]

Lello went to Constantinople as an attache to the English Embassy to the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire, but originally as secretary to Edward Barton. In 1597 he took his place as ambassador. During his tenure, he wrote letters to the Secretary of State, Sir Robert Cecil, about the actions of the Persian ambassador while in Constantinople, and the relationship between the Sultan and the Tsar of Russia.[2]

As ambassador he was less popular in the court than his predecessors William Harborne and Sir Edward Barton and was less comfortable also, at one point stating that he was shocked by the extent of the violence and intrigue in the court of Sultan Mehmed III and his mother Safiye Sultan,[3] and in 1607 complaining that bribery was so widespread that the economy was now driven by the level of corruption and that neither religious or civil law had any place in it.[4]

He began his term as ambassador by arranging the donation of an elaborate organ-clock commissioned by the Queen Elizabeth I and built by organ-maker Thomas Dallam.[5] The gift was intended to outshine overtures being made to the Sultan by Germany, France and other European nations in pursuit of trading rights in Ottoman territory. He was among the ambassadors who negotiated with the princes of Moldavia to gain trading privileges for English merchants.[6]

Map of Constantinople, c. 1600

He was on good terms with Agostino Nani, the Venetian ambassador, during a time when English pirates in the Levant disturbed the activities of the French and Venetian shipping companies.[7] In 1598, he assisted in the negotiations between the Sultan and Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor of the House of Habsburg.[8] He was then sent to the Prince of Wallachia, Michael the Brave, to gather information about the Emperor.

Toward the end of his tenure, King James I of England replaced Elizabeth I and his views on Anglo-Ottoman diplomatic relations were different, not having much of an interest in securing peace between the Habsburgs and the Sultan. The relations were also aggravated by the English pirates in the Mediterranean.

He would stay the English ambassador for 10 years, with the main contacts being with the French and Venetian ambassadors, such as Venetian Francesco Contarini of the Contarini family, later Doge of Venice.[9] Others included Nicolò Molin of Palazzo Molin del Cuoridoro and Zorzi Giustinian, whom he met in Venice.[10][11] He left Constantinople on 24 May 1607 and was knighted by King James I.

Lello was also a member of the Levant Company, and made a fortune trading with the Levant and East India Company, from Constantinople to Venice.[12] His nephew was Governor Edward Hopkins of Connecticut, who married Anne Yale, aunt of Elihu Yale of Yale University, and granddaughter of Chancellor David Yale.[13]

References

  1. ↑ C. T. Clay. “The Keepership of the Old Palace of Westminster.” The English Historical Review, vol. 59, no. 233, 1944, pp. 1–21. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/554235. Accessed 25 Nov. 2023.
  2. ↑ Sir Henry Lello’s Embassy to Constantinople, Tideproject, Shahid Hussain, University College, London, April 15, 2021
  3. ↑ Untitled
  4. ↑ The Travels of John Sanderson in the Levant 1584–1602
  5. ↑ Article - The Organ
  6. ↑ The Involvement of the English Crown and its Embassy in Constantinople, Laura Jane Fenella Coulter, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, 1999, p. 18
  7. ↑ The Involvement of the English Crown and its Embassy in Constantinople, Laura Jane Fenella Coulter, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, 1999, p. 64
  8. ↑ The Involvement of the English Crown and its Embassy in Constantinople, Laura Jane Fenella Coulter, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, 1999, p. 73
  9. ↑ The Involvement of the English Crown and its Embassy in Constantinople, Laura Jane Fenella Coulter, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, 1999, p. 103-104
  10. ↑ Anglo-French Rivalry in the Levant from 1583 to 1612, Leon Horniker, Journal of Modern History, Vol. XVIII, No. 4, December 1946, p. 301
  11. ↑ 'Venice: February 1608', in Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 11, 1607-1610, ed. Horatio F Brown (London, 1904), pp. 90-101. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/venice/vol11/pp90-101 [accessed 25 November 2023].
  12. ↑ The Involvement of the English Crown and its Embassy in Constantinople, Laura Jane Fenella Coulter, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, 1999, p. 120-121-132
  13. ↑ Signers of the Mayflower Compact, Annie Amoux Haxtun, Clearfield, New York, 1968, p. 40-41

See also

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