Fuzhou dialects

List of dialects of the Fuzhou language (福州話的方言):

• Min county dialect 福州閩縣話 (prestige) - Fuzhou city and Minhou county.
• Gutian dialect 福州古田話 - Gutian county
• Ningde dialect 福州寧德話 - Ningde city and prefecture
• Changle dialect 福州長樂話 - Changle district
• Fuqing dialect 福州福清話 - Fuqing, Pingtan Island and parts of Changle
• Matsu dialect 福州馬祖話 - Matsu islands
• Minqing dialect 福州閩清話 - Minqing county

History

Fuzhou's history of emigration began since the Ming dynasty with Zheng He's voyages overseas. As the result of immigration of Fuzhounese to southeast Asia, Fuzhou dialect is found in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. The city of Sibu of Malaysia is called "New Fuzhou" due to a large wave of Fuzhounese immigration in the early 1900s. They are referred to as "Hockchiu" or "Hokchew" in Singapore and Malaysia.^[7]

Japan

Some Fuzhou people have moved to Japan. Conversely, many Japanese have historically been interested in Fuzhou language. During the Second World War, some Japanese scholars became passionate about studying Fuzhou dialect, believing that it could be beneficial to the rule of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. One of their most famous works was the Japanese-Chinese Translation: Fuzhou Dialect (日華對譯: 福州語) published in 1940 in Taipei, in which katakana was used to represent Fuzhou pronunciation.

Southeast Asia

The Hockchius and Hockchias migrated to Nanyang (South-East Asia) in much smaller numbers compared to the Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakkas and Hainanese but achieved remarkable success. Amongst others, Robert Kuok (Hockchiu) rose to become the "Sugar King" of Malaysia and is currently ranked the richest man in South-East Asia^[8] whereas Liem Sioe Liong (Sudono Salim) who was of Hockchia origin, was once the richest man in Indonesia, controlling a vast empire in the industry of flour, cement and food manufacturing.^[9]

United States

Fuzhounese people first started immigrating to America during the late Qing dynasty. Some of these immigrants were students who, after completing their studies returned to back to their fatherland (Fuzhou).

However, after the USA passed the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, immigration from China to the USA stopped for nearly a century. Only in 1980s with the China-USA détente and subsequent reform and opening, a wave of Fuzhounese settled in America. These new Fuzhounese immigrants set up their own separated communities such as "Little Fuzhou" in Manhattan.

Scientists, mathematicians and inventors

• Chen Jingrun, a widely known mathematician who invented Chen's theorem and Chen prime.
• Yan Fu, a Chinese scholar and translator, best known for introducing western ideas such as Darwinian evolution.
• Chih-Tang Sah, Graduate Research Professor at the University of Florida, USA from 1988. Professor of Physics and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
• Hou Debang, a chemical engineer.
• Hsien Wu, a Chinese protein scientist who was the first to propose that protein denaturation was a purely conformational change, corresponded to protein unfolding and not to some chemical alteration of the protein.
  • Ray Wu, (born in Beijing) his son; A Chinese-American geneticist and pioneer of plant genetic engineering
• Zhang Yuzhe, a Chinese astronomer who is widely regarded as the father of modern Chinese astronomy.
• Chia-Chiao Lin, a mathematician and Institute Professor emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.^[10]
• Tung-Yen Lin, a structural engineer who was the pioneer of standardizing the use of prestressed concrete.
• Deng Xuquan, a scientist specialising in microbiology, he served in many universities as both a researcher and lecturer.^[11]
• Wang Shizhen, Father of Chinese nuclear medicine.
• Wu Mengchao, widely considered to be the Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery, for his achievements he was awarded China's highest scientific prize in 2005 by President Hu Jintao.
• Guo Kexin, an important Chinese physicist, metallurgist and crystallographer who is considered as the main pioneer of electron microscopy of China.
• Liu Yingming, a mathematician and academician.
• Sun Shensu, a geochemist and PhD holder from the Columbian University (1973).
• Chen Zhangliang, a Chinese biologist, elected as vice-governor of Guangxi in 2007.
• Min Zhuo, a famous pain neuroscientist at the University of Toronto in Canada, he won many prestigious awards for his outstanding scientific achievements.

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  Yan Fu, a scientist who translated many of Charles Darwin's works and ideas into Chinese.
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  A famous protein scientist, Hsien Wu was the first to propose that protein denaturation was a purely conformational change.
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  Mathematics genius, Chen Jingrun invented the Chen's theorem and Chen prime, he also stunned famous mathematicians by providing better solutions to their works.^[12]
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  Min Zhuo, being an accomplished pain neuroscientist, he has won many honours and awards.

Politicians and revolutionaries

• Shen Song, a chancellor of the state Wuyue during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period.
• Chen Di, famous Ming era philologist, strategist and traveler.
• Lin Zexu, a prominent Chinese scholar and official, widely regarded as a Chinese national hero for his strong opposition to the trade of opium before the First Anglo-Chinese War.
• Shen Baozhen, Viceroy of Liangjiang from 1875 to 1879.
• Chen Baochen (陈宝琛, 1848 - 1935), Chinese scholar and loyalist to the Qing dynasty.
• Wong Nai Siong, a Chinese revolutionary leader and Christian scholar.
• Chen Jitong, Chinese diplomat, general and scholar during the late Qing dynasty.
• Lin Shu, Chinese scholar and translator, noted for his translation of Alexandre Dumas and La Dame aux Camélias.
• Liu Buchan (劉步蟾, 1852－1895), naval officer of the Beiyang Fleet, the most prominent of China's naval units in the late Qing dynasty.
• Sa Zhenbing (萨镇冰, 1859–1952), high-ranking naval officer of Mongolian origin.
• Zheng Xiaoxu, Chinese statesman, diplomat and calligrapher.
• Liu Guanxiong, Chinese Admiral who was Navy Minister of China, from 1912 to 1916 and 1917–1919.
• Lin Sen, President of the Republic of China from 1931 to 1943.
• Chin Ping (陈平), OBE, the Former leader of the Malayan Communist Party, ancestral hometown was Fuzhou.
• Lin Xu (林旭, 1875 - 1898), Chinese politician, scholar, songwriter and poet who lived in the late Qing dynasty.
• Du Xigui (杜錫珪, 1875 - 1933), Chinese admiral during the warlord era.
• Lin Changmin (zh:林長民, 1876–1925), a high-rank governor in the Beiyang Government.
• Lin Juemin (林觉民, 1887 - 1911), Chinese revolutionary, member of Tongmenghui in Japan.
• Chen Shaokuan (陳紹寬, 1889–1969), Fleet Admiral who served as the senior commander of naval forces of the National Revolutionary Army.
  • 
    Lin Zexu, national hero of China.
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    Sa Zhenbing, high-ranking naval officer of Mongolian origin who lived through four governments in China.
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    Lin Changmin, high-rank governor in the Beiyang Government.
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    Lin Juemin, one of 72 Revolutionary Martyrs at Huanghuagang.
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    Zheng Xiaoxu, statesman, diplomat and calligrapher.
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    Lin Xu, a writer and political reformer of the late Qing dynasty.
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    Wong Nai Siong, prominent Qing era revolutionary leader.

Writers and poets

• Ingen, well known Buddhist monk, poet and calligrapher who lived during Ming dynasty.
• Lin Huiyin, female architect and poet, daughter of Lin Changmin (zh:林長民).
• Zou Taofen, Chinese patriot, journalist, media entrepreneur, and political activist.
• Zheng Zhenduo, a Chinese journalist and literary scholar.
• Zhu Qianzhi, a Chinese intellectual, translator and historian.
• Bing Xin, a female Chinese writer.
• Hu Yepin, left wing writer.
• Zheng Min, Chinese scholar and poet.
• Wang Wen-hsing, Chinese American writer.
• Watchman Nee, a Chinese Christian author and church leader.

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  Ingen, Ming era Buddhist Monk.
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  Lin Huiyin, a female architect and poet.
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  Zheng Zhenduo, master of literature.

Businessmen

• Liem Sioe Liong, a Chinese Indonesian billionaire businessman and founder of Salim Group
• Robert Kuok, a Malaysian billionaire businessman and chairman of Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts
• Surya Wonowidjojo (Tjoa Ing-hwie), the founder of Gudang Garam, the largest cigaret producer in Indonesia.
• Rachman Halim, second CEO of Gudang Garam.
• Tiong Hiew King, a Malaysian Executive Chairman of Rimbunan Hijau, Timber tycoon and Chinese Media proprietor.
• Tiong Thai King, a Malaysian politician and businessman, Member of the Malaysian Parliament for Lanang, Sibu, Sarawak from 1995 to 2013.
• Alim Markus, Indonesian businessman from East Java.

Others

• Go Seigen, a Weiqi/Go player, considered by many players to be the greatest player of the game in the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time.
• Jahja Ling, a famous Orchestra conductor.
• Lin Yaohua, famed Chinese sociologist and anthropologist.
• Nicholas Kao Se Tseien, one of the oldest Catholic priest in China and Hong Kong.
• Cheng Nan-jung, a Taiwanese publisher and pro-democracy activist.
• Lin Chi-ling, a Taiwanese model, actress, singer and television host.
• Ludi Lin, an actor who starred in the 2017 Power Rangers.
• Daniel Bambang Dwi Byantoro, an Indonesian Greek Old Calendarist archimandrite and founder of the decanate Indonesia Orthodox Church.

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  Go Seigen, Weiqi/Go player, considered by many players to be the greatest player of the game in the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time.
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  Lin Chi-ling, Taiwanese model, actress, singer and television host.