Ocean Park Hong Kong
Main entrance in 2018
LocationWong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
Coordinates22°14′45.1″N 114°10′33.3″E / 22.245861°N 114.175917°E / 22.245861; 114.175917 (Ocean Park)
StatusOperating
Opened10 January 1977 (1977-01-10)[1]
OwnerOcean Park Corporation
Themeeducation, conservation, entertainment
SloganConnect people with nature
Attendance7.7 million (at peak)
Area91.5 hectares (226 acres)
Attractions
Total59
Roller coasters2
Water rides1
Websitewww.oceanpark.com.hk/en
Ocean Park Hong Kong
Traditional Chinese香港海洋公園
Simplified Chinese香港海洋公园
Cantonese YaleHēunggóng Hóiyèung Gūngyún
Literal meaningHong Kong Ocean Park
The Culture Show
Musicians performing at the Ocean Theatre
Some of the rides of the Marine World. This part was formerly called "Headlands Rides".

Ocean Park Hong Kong, commonly known as Ocean Park, is a marine mammal park, oceanarium, animal theme park and amusement park situated in Wong Chuk Hang and Nam Long Shan in the Southern District of Hong Kong. It is the second largest theme park in Hong Kong, after Hong Kong Disneyland,[2] as well as the largest theme park in Hong Kong by area. It is also the second oldest theme park in Hong Kong, after the now-defunct Lai Chi Kok Amusement Park which closed on 31 March 1997, four months before the 1997 handover.

Opened on 10 January 1977, Ocean Park became popular, but 28 years later, it was unprofitable and widely expected to close due to the new Hong Kong Disneyland.[3][4][5] However, the Park responded with a HK$5.5 billion development plan that saw it expand to over 80 attractions and rides, and steadily grow visitor numbers to 7.6 million in 2014, making it the world's 13th most visited theme park, and one of the largest theme parks in Asia.[6][7] Half of all visitors now come from mainland China, in growth that parallels rising mainland tourist visitor levels to Hong Kong over the same period.[8]

Covering an area of 91.5 hectares (226 acres), the park is separated by a large mountain into two areas, The Summit (Headland) and The Waterfront (Lowland). These areas can be reached by a 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) cable car system, or the Ocean Express funicular railway. To ascend the Headland, which comprises several hills, visitors can use Hong Kong's second longest outdoor escalator.[9] The theme park has various attractions and rides, including four roller coasters, and also animal exhibits with different themes, such as a giant panda habitat, rainforest and polar displays, as well as an aquarium featuring the world's largest aquarium dome. Between 1979 and 1997, Ocean Park was most famous for its signature killer whale, Miss Hoi Wai/Susie Wong.

As well as being an amusement park, Ocean Park Hong Kong aims to merge entertainment and education, including conservation advocacy. However, it has been criticised by wildlife advocates for practices including the wild capture of large sea animals, such as dolphins and orca, and the presentation of shows featuring such animals performing.[10][11]

Ocean Park is also renowned for holding the largest Halloween events in Asia.[12][13]

History and development

Opened on 10 January 1977 by the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Murray MacLehose, Ocean Park was constructed as a subsidiary of the Hong Kong Jockey Club, with HK$150 million of funding. The land was provided free by the Hong Kong Government. Between 1982 and 1984, the Jockey Club put a further HK$240 million into developing facilities at Tai Shue Wan and thrill rides at the Summit.

Ocean Park ceased to be a Jockey Club subsidiary on 1 July 1987, becoming its own statutory body, with a Government-appointed Board. The Jockey Club established a HK$200 million trust to ensure the Park's continued development. At present, Ocean Park is managed by the Ocean Park Corporation, a financially independent, non-profit organisation.

In 2003, Allan Zeman, known for leading the creation of the popular Lan Kwai Fong entertainment district of Hong Kong, was appointed Chairman of Ocean Park Corporation, a position he held for 11 years.[7]

In 2005, the same year that the park's rival Hong Kong Disneyland opened, Ocean Park unveiled a HK$5.5 billion redevelopment plan, under which older features at the park were rejuvenated and new areas developed. The number of attractions more than doubled, from 35 to over 80. The Lowland was redeveloped as a new area called the Waterfront, while the old 'Headland' became 'The Summit', with polar and rainforest exhibits. A dedicated thrill ride area, Thrill Mountain, opened, and the children's area was refurbished as Whisker's Harbour.

The first of the new developments, Amazing Asian Animals, showcasing some of the Asia's endangered creatures, including giant pandas, red pandas, Chinese giant salamanders, Asian small-clawed otters and the Chinese alligators, and Ocean Express, a funicular train system capable of transporting 5,000 visitors per hour between the Summit and the Waterfront, were launched in 2009.

In January 2011, Aqua City was opened. The zone features the Grand Aquarium, designed by St. Louis-based PGAV Destinations, displaying some 5,000 fish from over 400 species, and the world's first and only 360° water screen show Symbio.[14]

In June of the same year, the Rainforest, an integrated theme zone featuring over 70 exotic animal species, was opened.

In March 2012, the new attraction zone Old Hong Kong opened, evoking the streetscapes and spirit of Hong Kong between the 1950s and the 1970s from various perspectives. In April, the newly refurbished Hong Kong Jockey Club Sichuan Treasures opened. In July, the final element of the redevelopment, Polar Adventure, opened, featuring animals such as penguins, Pacific walruses, spotted seals, northern sea lions, snowy owls and Arctic foxes, aiming to highlight some of the conservation issues they face.

A 20,000 sq ft shark aquarium opened in July 2014 at the former Atoll Reef site called Shark Mystique.[15]

On 19 February 2019, Ocean Park officially opened its first hotel: The Hong Kong Ocean Park Marriott Hotel.[16]

In January 2020, the park sought HK$10 billion from the government for a major upgrade, following a 14 percent decline in visitor numbers and a cash-flow crisis. The government was ready to support the move, but legislators from both sides had concerns.[17][18]

Visitor growth

The park's expansion steadily grew visitor numbers to 7.6 million in 2014, making it the world's 13th most visited theme park, and one of the largest theme parks in Asia.[6][7] From this high, visitor numbers declined to around six million in 2016 against the background of declining tourist arrivals in Hong Kong and competition from Chimelong International Ocean Tourist Resort in Zhuhai.[19] In January 2017, the Ocean Park saw a 30% surge in visitors, credited to a new rapid transit line, big discounts and an early Lunar New Year holiday,[20] but in 2019, lower numbers of mainland tourist arrivals, due to social unrest and continued competition from Chimelong, sunk attendance to 5.7 million.[18]

Senior leadership

Chairman

  1. Kenneth Fung (1971–1982)
  2. David Newbigging (1982–1984)
  3. Gordon MacWhinnie (1984–1993)
  4. Ronald Carstairs (1993–1996)
  5. Robert Kwan (1996–1997)
  6. Payson Cha (1997–2000)
  7. Philip Chen (2000–2003)
  8. Allan Zeman (2003–2014)
  9. Leo Kung (2014–2020)
  10. Lau Ming-wai (2020–2022)
  11. Paulo Pong Kin-yee (2022– )

General Managers

  1. W. Williamson (1971–1980)
  2. Kenneth Tomlins (1981–1987)

Chief Executive Officers

  1. Kenneth Tomlins (1987–1991)
  2. Darrell Metzger (1991–1995)
  3. John Corcoran (1995–1999)[21]
  4. Randolph Guthrie (1999–2004)
  5. Tom Mehrmann (2004–2016)
  6. Matthias Li (2016–2020)
  7. Ysanne Chan (2020–2021)
  8. Ivan Wong (2021– )

Attractions

Ocean Park now comprises two main attraction areas: the Waterfront and the Summit, subdivided into seven attraction zones: Amazing Asian Animals, Aqua City, Whiskers Harbour, Marine World, Polar Adventure, Thrill Mountain and the Rainforest.

Rollercoasters

Name Type Opened Territory Manufacturer Height Restrictions Track Length Description
Arctic Blast Powered Coaster 2012 Polar Adventure Mack Rides 1m (3 ft 3 in) Unknown A Mack Rides powered family coaster which opened in 2012. The coaster has an arctic and blue theme.
Hair Raiser Floorless Coaster 2011 Thrill Mountain Bolliger & Mabillard 1.4m (4 ft 7 in) 850m The first and only roller coaster to be manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard in the park, and known for its views of the South China Sea. Some say the smiley face in the Entrance is based on Luna Park Sydney in Australia. The coaster features one vertical loop, one dive loop, one zero-g roll, and finally an immelmann.

Water Rides

Name Type Opened Territory Manufacturer Height Restrictions Description
The Rapids River rapids ride 2010 Rainforest Intamin 1.2m (3 ft 11in) The Rapids opened in the Rainforest in 2010 as part of the park's expansion. Riders are able to interact with visitors in the Emerald Trail, as they may get wet by the water guns by the Trail. During the queue line, various bird species are also shown.

Flat Rides

Name Type Opened Territory Manufacturer Height Restrictions Current Status Additional Information
Wild Twister Top Scan 2019 Marine World Mondial 1.37m (4 ft 6 in) Operating Top scan ride. This flat ride is the first ride introduced in over 9 years, with the latest one being Arctic Blast. It's also the last ride to be built in the park in a long period of time as the park no longer invest on rides and closes down a large amount of old rides.
The Flash Ultra Max 2011 Thrill Mountain Mondial 1.37m (4 ft 6 in) Operating An Ultra Max ride that opened in late 2011 along with other rides in Thrill Mountain.
Rev Booster Music Express 2011 Thrill Mountain SBF Visa Group 1.3m (3 ft 3 in) Operating A Music Express ride that opened in late 2011 along with other rides in Thrill Mountain.
Whirly Bird Star Flyer 2011 Thrill Mountain Chance Rides 1.22m (~4 ft) Operating A Star Flyer ride that opened in late 2011 along with other rides in Thrill Mountain.
Bumper Blaster Dodgems 2011 Thrill Mountain I.E. Park Driver: 1.45m (4 ft 9 in)

Rider: 1.2m (3 ft 11in)

 Operating A Dodgems ride that opened in late 2011 along with other rides in Thrill Mountain.
Sea Life Carousel Gallopers 2009 Aqua City Wood Design Amusement Rides Unaccompanied: 1.07m (3 ft 6 in) Operating An Ocean-themed Carousel. Manufactured by Wood Design Amusement Rides.
Flying Swing Waveswinger 1997 Marine World Zierer 1.22m (~4 ft) Operating; Closing soon The Flying Swing opened at 'Headlands Thrills', the former name of the area 'Marine World'. This ride will be closed down soon due to increasing maintenance cost and will be transformed into a yoga activities space.
Ferris Wheel Ferris Wheel 1994 Marine World Chance Rides Unaccompanied: 1.52m (4 ft 12 in) Operating; Closing soon A Chance Rides Ferris Wheel. This ride will be closed down soon due to increasing maintenance cost and will be transformed into a yoga activities space.
Crazy Galleon Pirate Ship 1984 Marine World HUSS 1.22m (~4 ft) Operating; Closing soon The oldest flat ride still standing in the park (excluding other attractions). This ride will be closed down soon due to increasing maintenance cost and will be transformed into a yoga activities space.

Transport Rides

Map of transport
Name Type Opened Territory Additional Information
Ocean Express Underground Train 2009 Aqua City; Rainforest An Ocean themed train ride that transports guests to the other side of the park within just 4 minutes. Screens and special effects are in place during the ride.
Shuttle Bus Shuttle Bus 1977 Aqua City; Polar Adventure Only operates if one of the main transportation rides (Cable Car and Ocean Express) is closed.
Cable Car Cable Car 1977 Aqua City (Old Hong Kong);

Marine World

 One of the Park's most iconic attractions. Transports guests between the two tiers of the park (The Waterfront and The Summit).

The Summit

Marine World

The Dragon roller coaster

This area was formerly known as two distinct areas: Marine Land and Headlands Rides.

  • Pacific Pier – Mimics the rocky habitat of harbour seals and California sea lions on the Northern Californian coast.
  • Chinese Sturgeon Aquarium – Yangtze River Exploration – The 3,500 square-metre freshwater aquarium houses Chinese sturgeons along with other native species of the Yangtze River, closed in 2019.
  • Ocean Park Tower, Closing soon
  • Sea Jelly Spectacular – Opened in 2006. Southeast Asia's first standalone sea jelly exhibit.
  • The Dragon – Arrow Dynamics Custom Looper, first rollercoaster to feature a Sidewinder. Closed in February 2021.
  • The Abyss – A turbo drop ride, closed since 31/8/2021.
  • Flying Swing, closing soon.
  • Wild Twister – A Mondial Ventura
  • Crazy Galleon – A Huss Pirate ship, closing soon.
  • Ferris Wheel, closing soon.
  • Marine World Games Zone
  • Garden of Joy

Thrill Mountain

Thrill Mountain and Polar Adventure areas.
Thrill Mountain – Hair Raiser

Thrill Mountain was opened in December 2011. It is a carnival-themed area of 222,800 square feet. It offers five rides, eight booth games, as well as food, beverages, and merchandise.

  • Hair Raiser – A floorless rollercoaster built by B&M with four inversions.
  • Whirly Bird – A chair swing ride that soars 30 meters into the air
  • Bumper Blaster – Bumper cars that can carry two in each car
  • Rev Booster - A spinner ride
  • The Flash - A swing ride that goes upside down, with its top speed being 60 km/h, at a height of 22m up into the air
  • Bungee Trampoline – A trampoline that allows visitors to jump really high while strapped in bungee harnesses

Polar Adventure

South Pole Spectacular – Penguin

Polar Adventure was opened on 13 July 2012, featuring the North Pole Encounter, South Pole Spectacular and Arctic Fox Den, as well as the Arctic Blast roller coaster.

The attraction's carbon footprint is reduced through environmental technology including a ventilation system that recycles residual cool air to cool down the Life Support System (LSS) and plant room area before being discharged, which it is claimed cut electricity consumption by a third.

  • Arctic Blast – A steel "roller coaster" located in the Polar Adventure with various dips and side turns. It is suitable for the whole family.[22]
  • North Pole Encounter – visitors can meet Pacific walruses and spotted seals, and other animals from the North Pole including Steller sea lions and snowy owls. The animals can also be viewed via an underwater tunnel.
  • South Pole Spectacular – It is home to three penguin species: king penguins, southern rockhopper penguins and gentoo penguins. The viewing chamber, glass-panelled floors, walkways and balconies overlooking the water allow visitors to see the penguins from different angles.
  • Arctic Fox Den – visitors can see Arctic foxes here to learn about their behaviour and the impact of humans on their habitat.

The Rainforest

Rainforest – The Rapids

The Rainforest was opened on 14 June 2011. Dozens of avian, terrestrial and aquatic animals living inside buttress roots accompany visitors on their immersive exploration of biodiversity. You will Get Wet on This ride, as water guns and sudden drops can and will soak you.

The Waterfront

The Grand Aquarium in Ocean Park
Old Hong Kong

Aqua City

Aqua City was opened on 26 January 2011 and occupies around 200.000 square feet. It features:

  • Grand Aquarium – Inside the Grand Aquarium, visitors can get up close to some 5,000 fish from over 400 species, such as the scalloped hammerhead and reef manta ray. Strolling through the Reef Tunnel and Panoramic Ocean Gallery, visitors can see the world's largest viewing dome in an aquarium, at 5.5 metres in diameter, and a 13-metre acrylic viewing panel, one of the largest in the world. It also features the world's first and only 360° water screen show Symbio! and Hong Kong's only restaurant inside an aquarium.
  • Sea Life Carousel – Hong Kong's largest carousel, 15.1 metres across, with 61 carriers in 13 different designs inspired by endangered sea animals, holding up to 81 passengers.
  • Old Hong Kong – Offers an immersive experience of culture, history, and delicacies of Hong Kong between the 1950s and the 1970s. It features a replica of Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier's clock tower and its signature toll, a manually retrofitted heritage tramcar and rows of tong lau-style apartment buildings. Visitors can also try more than 70 types of local street food and beverage that evoke the flavour of old Hong Kong. The area also provides a wide array of classic booth games.
  • Waterfront Plaza – Features a lively carnival setting with a rotating mix of shows, magic and other acts performed by clowns, acrobats and jugglers. This area sets the backdrop for many of Ocean Park's festive events.

Amazing Asian Animals

  • Giant Panda Adventure – A purpose-built habitat that houses 2 rare giant pandas - Ying Ying, and Le Le as well as red pandas. It also houses the critically endangered Chinese giant salamander.
  • Panda Village – displays Asian small-clawed otters and a variety of Asian bird life in a woodland setting.
  • Gator Marsh – A wetland setting, featuring endangered Chinese alligators from the Yangtze River.
  • Goldfish Treasures – A goldfish pavilion featuring the latest and rarest varieties such as the Black Oranda and Blue Phoenix Eggfish. Explains the history and importance of the goldfish in Chinese culture.
  • Hong Kong Jockey Club Sichuan Treasures – home to two golden snub-nosed monkeys, Le Le and Qi Qi, from Sichuan. Le Le and Qi Qi's offspring, Lokie (born 2017), is the first golden monkey born in Hong Kong and also resides there. The exhibit also acts as a resource centre on the care and conservation of this species. Pandas Jia Jia and An An also once lived there until their deaths.
  • Emerald Trail – A verdant garden featuring natural settings with flowers, tall trees, stone bridges and gentle pools.

Whiskers Harbour

Whiskers Harbour, previously called Kid's World, features attractions for younger children, over an area 14,200 square metres.

  • Balloon Up-up-and-away – A hot air balloon-themed Ferris wheel for very young visitors.
  • Clown a Round – This merry-go-round has clown cars for younger kids to whirl around in.
  • Frog Hopper – A kid's version of a thrill ride. Young visitors strap into the mechanised 'frog', hop high into the air and land back on their feet.
  • Merry-go-round – A classic children's merry-go-round with gilded fairytale horses.
  • Bouncer House – An inflatable, fully padded, covered house for children to bounce around in.
  • Whiskers Harbour Playground – A safe, child- (and parent)-friendly haven for kids to run around and explore slides, see-saws, tunnels and jungle gyms.
  • Interactive Shadow Play – Kids get to play simple spelling and skill games on interactive multimedia screens. Correct answers are rewarded with audiovisual presentations.
  • Animal Story Corner – Children can explore interactive educational displays about different land, air and sea animals, and what makes each of them distinct.
  • Whiskers Harbour Games Zone – The area offers over twenty classic arcade games.
  • Toto the Loco – A small train that takes young visitors through a mini forest to meet clowns playing accordions, cellos and violins.
  • Little Meerkat and Giant Tortoise Adventure - A newly opened display that shows meerkats and Aldabra giant tortoises in a theme of the African Savannah

Former attractions

Former attractions of Ocean Park include:

  • Atoll Reef. It was located in Marine Land (now Marine World). Closed in early 2011 after 34 years of operation, many of the animals were transferred to the new Grand Aquarium.[23] It was converted into Shark Mystique, which houses several species of sharks.
  • Middle Kingdom. Opened in 1990, this area featured traditional Chinese culture and heritage along with buildings resembling traditional Chinese buildings. It closed in 2001,[24][25] but the Middle Kingdom Restaurant was in operation until 2007.
  • The Bird Paradise area, located in Tai Sue Wan near Adventure Land, closed down in 2013. It contained The Aviaries and Flamingo Pond. Plans are underway to redevelop this area into Water World.[26]
  • Space Wheel: A HUSS Enterprise. Formerly located in the Adventure Land section of the park.

Shows

Star Explorers Club

Located in Bambooz Zone, Star Explorers Club showcases various animals. The show is on selected dates at 2:30pm.

Marine Mammal Caretaking Workshop

Located in the Ocean Theatre, the show provides visitors with more opportunities to close encounter dolphins and sea lions, get to know their daily lives and conservation tips. Show Times: Weekdays: 12pm, 3:30pm, 5pm / Weekends & Holidays; 11:30am, 2pm, 3:30pm, 5:30pm

Animals

Ocean Park holds over 12,000 animals and highlights its educational and scientific research programmes, alongside the animal displays and entertainment.[27]

The Park has had success breeding rare shark species, Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, sea lions, seahorses, penguins, green anacondas, red-handed tamarins, pygmy marmosets and several species of sea jellies. Endangered birds and butterflies are also hatched and reared at Ocean Park.

Giant pandas

Amazing Asian Animals – panda Ying Ying
Giant Panda at Ocean Park
Red Panda at Ocean Park

A pair of giant pandas, a male named An An (安安) and a female called Jia Jia (佳佳), were given to Ocean Park by China in 1999. The pair were given permanent homes in the 'Hong Kong Jockey Club Sichuan Treasures' area. In 2007, two more pandas were given to Hong Kong to mark the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to Chinese sovereignty. The pair of two-year-old pandas, a male called Le Le (樂樂) and a female named Ying Ying (盈盈), arrived at Ocean Park from the China Conservation and Research Centre in Wolong in Sichuan province. After quarantine, they made their first public appearance in Giant Panda Adventure on 1 July 2007.[28] A new compound was prepared at the park to house them on their arrival. In 2019, Ocean Park said that they were thinking if 14-year-old panda pair Le Le and Ying Ying didn't give birth to a cub some time later, Ocean Park will send them back to the Wolong National Nature Reserve or back into the wild of Sichuan. In August 2015, Jia Jia became the oldest breeding panda in the world at the age of 37. Sadly, Jia Jia began to suffer the effects of advanced aging in October 2016, refusing most food and fluids and rapidly losing weight. On 16 October, after having been found unable to walk, her vets decided to euthanize her. Then age 38 (114 in panda years), she was sometimes billed as the oldest panda in the world. She was definitely known to be the oldest panda in captivity. Although there is no such certain data regarding pandas in the wild, their life expectancy in the wild is 15 to 20 years, giving the claim a good likelihood of being correct.[29]

Dolphins

The Park's Marine Mammal Breeding and Research Centre houses nine Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins. In July 2009, Domino and Dumisa, two dolphins from Bayworld in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, arrived at Ocean Park. The dolphins, a father and daughter pair, were separated to ensure that they do not mate with each other. They formed part of Ocean Park's breeding programme.[30] In May 2001, two of Ocean Park's female dolphins, Ada and Gina, each delivered a healthy calf, a female and male respectively, the world's first two bottlenose dolphin calves as a result of artificial insemination. This marked an important development in reproductive physiology and controlled breeding of marine mammals.

Killer whale – Miss Hoi Wai

Hoi Wai was a female killer whale, captured near Iceland in 1977 and kept at Ocean Park from January 1979 to April 1997.[31][32] Miss Hoi Wai was about 5 metres (16 ft) long and weighed about 1,800 kilograms (4,000 lb).[33] She died from an emergency intestine infected wound in 1997. In Hong Kong, Miss Hoi Wai (海威小姐) is still considered an icon and celebrity to this day. She was kept with Prince, a male killer whale who lived at the park from April 1989 until his death in July 1991. They produced no offspring.

Chinese sturgeon

The Chinese sturgeon were introduced to the park in 2008, and as at 2013, Ocean Park houses nine Chinese sturgeons, displayed in Chinese Sturgeon Aquarium – Yangtze Exploration. To mark China's hosting the Olympic Games, the Chinese Central Government made a gift of five rare Chinese sturgeon, symbolising the five Olympic rings, with Ocean Park as the recipient. Two were bred by the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute and three by the Beijing Aquarium. The fish made their debut on 20 June 2008.[34] However one of them died after a few days, apparently bitten by a barracuda. On 14 July 2008, it was announced that Hong Kong would receive another five sturgeon from the Chinese National Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Association in time for 8 August opening ceremony, to complement the four fish already in site. The park's management opted to evict its sharks from their aquarium in favour of the new arrivals.[35] On 12 December 2008, a second sturgeon died from an infection. A third one died from an injury and two nine-year-old sturgeon were found to be ill in January 2009. The two sick fish, measuring 2.3m and 1.5m, were returned to the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute for expert care.[36] Ocean Park returned to mainland China the last batch of six Chinese sturgeon in December 2019.[37]

Animal encounter programmes

Ocean Park runs a series of programmes called "Get Closer to the Animals" which offer supervised access to its resident animals, from swimming with dolphins to learning to be a panda keeper. Holders of a diving certificate can even enter the Grand Aquarium, while an overnight camp within its dome offers a drier way to view the underwater world. There are behind-the-scenes tours of many facilities, often including the chance to get close to animals such as penguins, seals and other polar animals.

Animal mascots

Ocean Park introduced a waving sailor sea lion named Whiskers (known as Wai Wai in Chinese) as its major mascot in 2000. Subsequent members of the Ocean Park 'family' include James Fin (a shark), Jewel (a butterfly, now retired), Swift (a dolphin), Chief (a parrot), Professor (a turtle), Later Gator (a crocodile), Fluffi (an Arctic fox), Redd (a red panda), Goldie (a goldfish), Tux (a penguin), Doug (a rockhopper penguin), and four giant pandas: An An, Jia Jia, Le Le and Ying Ying.

Internal transport

Ocean Park cable car

Ocean Park features a 1.5-kilometre (0.93 mi) long cable car system connecting the Waterfront and the Summit in an eight-minute journey, with the views of the South China Sea. It has a capacity of 4,000 passengers per hour with 252 cable cars on two pairs of ropeways. Each car can hold six passengers.[38][39][40][41][42]

Ocean Express funicular railway

Hong Kong's second-longest outdoor escalator system, at 225 metres (738 feet) long provides the main link between facilities at Tai Shue Wan and the Summit.[43] (The longest system is the Central–Mid-Levels escalators).

The "Ocean Express‌" funicular railway system between the Summit and the Waterfront can carry 5,000 people per hour on its three-minute journey. This themed ride uses multimedia effects to simulate the feeling of travelling into the depths of the sea.

Access

Train platform at Ocean Park station

Mass Transit Railway

Ocean Park station on the South Island line is located adjacent the main entrance of the park. The station opened on 28 December 2016 and connects Ocean Park directly to Hong Kong's MTR system, from Admiralty station.

Bus

The Citybus Ocean Park Express (Route 629)‍ used to provide departures from Central Piers to Ocean Park only. This route has since stopped its regular service due to a decline in passenger numbers.

Passengers may use any of the Aberdeen Tunnel bus routes and walk to the park from the Aberdeen Tunnel Toll Plaza bus stop.

Car

The venue is also accessible by taxi, private hire car or personal car. The park provides some car park spaces close to the main entrance, however, the car park can be busy during peak times. Road access is via Route 1 (Aberdeen Tunnel) from central and eastern districts of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, New Territories or Pok Fu Lam Road from western districts.

Future Developments

Adventure Zone (2025-26)

A plan for an adventure zone to replace the Park's Adventure Land area first emerged in 2020, when the Park asked the HKSAR for HK$10.6 billion to fund its long-anticipated expansion plan, which includes replacing Adventure Land with Adventure Valley and replacing Raging River with a luge track. When this plan was suspended and replaced by the rebirth plan, the concept of Adventure Valley was retained and presented as 'Adventure Zone', but now built and operated by an external operator instead of internally. Some key attractions in the area include a 'X-Raycer', an Alpine Coaster, Ziplines and Tubing. Construction for the area is set to start in 2024 and the area will be completed in around 2025.

New Permanent Show at Whiskers Theatre (January 2024)

According to the Ocean Park Careers Website,[44] Ocean Park is now hiring multiple show directors and performers for 'the operation of the New Whiskers Theatre show which will open in Jan 2024'. Hence it could be assumed that a permanent show will be replacing the previous 'Whiskers & Friends Party' stage show which ended in November 2023. There is currently no public knowledge of the theme, name and storyline of the show.

New Show at Dolphin Explorations (2024)

A show that debuted at Dolphin Explorations on 1 April 2023 - 'Whiskers Village Ocean Guardians' was suspended starting on 1 September 2023 to accommodate extensive refurbishment at Dolphin Explorations. It has been speculated that a new show will debut when Dolphin Explorations reopens with 1 January 2024, assuming that the completion of the refurbishment will not be delayed. There is currently no public knowledge of the theme, name and storyline of the show.

Tai Shue Wan Pier

Along with Adventure Zone, the construction of a pier at Tai Shue Wan was also proposed in the rebirth plan to better connectivity between the Resort and the Southern District. A temporary pier, funded by the Park opened on 8 August 2023, provided ferry service to and from the Resort during the first few months of its debut. A permanent structure is set to replace the existing temporary pier, with construction starting in 2025 and completion later in the decade.

Conservation

Ocean Park conducts education and research into animal conservation, by operating observatories, laboratories, an education department, and the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hong Kong (OPCFHK), a fund that advocates, facilitates and participates in the conservation of wildlife and habitats, with an emphasis on Asia, through research and education. In 2013/2014, the foundation funded 44 conservation projects, covering 30 species in 12 countries with a total of HK$13 million (out of the Park's total turnover of HK$2 billion), a sharp increase over funding a few years earlier. The foundation was formed in 2005 from the merger of two earlier organisations, the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation (OPCF), founded 1993, and the Hong Kong Society for Panda Conservation (HKSPC), founded 1999.

Ocean Park Hong Kong was the first institution in the world to successfully artificially inseminate bottlenose dolphins, and has developed several new breeds of goldfish.

Since 2006, OPCFHK has collaborated with the Hong Kong Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department to handle cetacean stranding cases within Hong Kong waters. After the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, OPCFHK established a Giant Panda Base Rebuilding Fund and donated equipment to the affected nature reserves.

Ocean Park has created education programmes, such as the Ocean Park Academy (OPA), begun in 2004, through which the Park runs educational tours for schoolchildren and workshops for teachers from the Hong Kong Institute of Education. Every year, the Park offers over 35 core courses for around 46,000 students on six big topics: giant pandas and red pandas, dolphins and sea lions, birds, fishes, plants, and mechanical rides.

The Marine Mammal Breeding and Research Centre set up by Ocean Park serves as a centre to house nine dolphins and conduct research on the breeding of dolphins. It is divided into 6 separate activity zones, and provides behavioural training and basic husbandry to the dolphins. It also plays a part in research work on the echolocation capabilities of dolphins. For five weeks in 2013, the centre was open for public visits.

Criticism

Ocean Park has been criticised by wildlife advocates for certain practices including the wild capture of large sea animals, such as dolphins and orca, and the presentation of shows featuring such animals performing. Opponents have highlighted their views on international "Empty the Tanks" day – a non-violent multinational demonstration that aims to end the capture and sale of wild dolphins to marine parks, where the creatures are said to die younger and breed much less. There is concern for the psychological state of the mammals alongside their physiological needs. And the advocates say it sends the wrong message, not only to visitors but also to marine parks in mainland China, which, if they copied the Park's practices, could have a significant impact on wild populations.[10][11]

Ocean Park has posted HK$31.8 million deficit in the financial year ending 30 June 2021, despite receiving HK$1.45 billion government funding.[45]

Major annual events

Ocean Park hosts six major events throughout the year: an Kidsfest, Animal in High Definition Month, the Ocean Park Summer Splash, the Halloween Bash and Christmas and Chinese New Year celebrations.

Halloween Fest (Mid-September to Late October)

Since 2008, the Park has held a popular annual Halloween Bash through the month of October. Themes such as "Fear Formula" and "Haunted Hong Kong" provide modern twists on the traditional halloween rituals, including various attractions and activities.

Giant Panda at Ocean Park

Ocean Park Summer Splash (July–August)

The event is held each summer, with visitors partaking in various wet and wild thrills, including water games and water slides.

Christmas Sensation (December)

Christmas themed celebrations held from December to January every year.

Chinese New Year Fiesta (January/February)

Chinese New Year celebration events are held around January to February every year. The celebration usually features lantern displays, God of Fortune visits, lion and dragon dances. In 2013, the CNY Fiesta featured a 12-metre spinning lantern, as well as a traditional Chinese drum show.

Animal in High Definition Month (Discontinued)

The Animal in High Definition Months enable visitors to encounter a variety of rare animals up close, with educational experts on hand to disseminate information about these creatures. The Animal in High Definition Month for 2010 had a reptile theme called, "Mighty Dragons". In 2012, the event let visitors explore Chinese national treasures, featuring the display of two Sichuan golden monkeys.

Attendance

Worldwide rank Year Number of visitors Net change  % Change New Attractions
30 2002 3,400,000 +442,000 +13
32 2003 2,900,000 −500,000 -17.2
35 2004 3,700,000 +800,000 +27.6
31 2005 4,030,000 +330,000 +8.9 Sea Jelly Spectacular
22 2006 4,380,000 +350,000 +8.7 SkyFair Plaza
16 2007 4,920,000[46] +540,000 +12.3 Giant Panda Habitat (Rethemed)
15 2008 5,030,000[47] +110,000 +2.2 Amazing Asian Animals
14 2009 4,800,000[48] -230,000 -4.6 Ocean Express, Sea Life Carousel,

Chinese Sturgeon Aquarium

17 2010 5,404,000[49] +604,000 +12.6 Aqua City, The Rainforest, The Flash
11 2011 6,955,000[50] +1,551,000 +28.7 Thrill Mountain, Polar Mountain, Old Hong Kong
14 2012 7,436,000 +481,000 +6.9
12 2013 7,475,000 [51] +39,000 +0.5 Shark Mystique
13 2014 7,792,000[52] +317,000 +4.2 Adventures in Australia
15 2015 7,387,000[53] -405,000 -5.2
18 2016 5,996,000[54] -1,391,000 -18.8
20 2017 5,800,000[55] -196,000 -3.3 VR Mine Train
17 2018 5,800,000[56] 0 0 Hong Kong Ocean Park Marriott Hotel
12 2019 5,700,000[57] -100,000 -7 Wild Twister, The Abyss VR Space Voyage,
9 2020 2,200,000[58] -3,500,000 -61.4 Gala of Lights, Little Meerkat and Giant Tortoise Adventure
N/A 2021 1,400,000 -800,000 -36.4 Explorer R, Water World Ocean Park Hong Kong
N/A 2022 1,400,000 (Ocean Park)

200,000 (Water World) 1,600,000 (Total)

 +200,000 +14.3 The Fullerton Ocean Park Hotel Hong Kong
N/A 2023 2,100,000 (Ocean Park)

300,000 (Water World) 2,400,000 (Total)

 +800,000 +57.1 Sloth and Friends Studio

Awards

The park has won several awards, including The World's Seventh Most Popular Amusement Park and one of the "50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions in the world" by Forbes. In November 2012, Ocean Park became the first theme park in Asia to win the Applause Award from the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions. Also, one of their pandas, Jia Jia (giant panda) garnered a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest panda in captivity.[9][59][60]

Incidents

  • On 5 December 2010, seven tourists were injured when a train driver triggered the emergency braking system by mistake on the Ocean Express tunnel railway. Ocean Park was required to install caps over the emergency brake button for their trains before reopening.
  • On 10 April 2014, a 50-year-old man on holiday from Hubei, China, fell to his death as he was sitting on a railing. He lost balance and fell 11 metres down from the area known as The Summit.[61] Police said an initial investigation found nothing suspicious and indicated it was an accident.
  • On 16 September 2017, a 21-year-old man died inside Ocean Park's 2017 Halloween attraction called "Buried Alive", where guests lie in a coffin until the bottom drops out, sending them down a slide. The man had accidentally entered a staff-only area, and was hit on the head by the coffin bottom. The man was sent to Ruttonjee Hospital and certified dead. Legislators and industry experts questioned why the dangerous restricted area was not locked and marked clearly with warning signage.[62][63]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "General Facts". oceanpark.com.hk. 29 October 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009.
  2. ↑ "TEA/AECOM 2017 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). 17 May 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  3. ↑ Allan Zeman: Hong Kong's Mouse Killer Archived 11 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Forbes, 13 February 2007
  4. ↑ Catching the Wave at Ocean Park Archived 22 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Citi International Case Competition 2008
  5. ↑ Varsity survey shows Ocean Park Challenged Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Periscope, Joyce Lam, Chinese University of Hong Kong
  6. 1 2 "TEA/AECOM 2014 Global Attractions Attendance Report Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 Ocean Park press release Archived 10 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 3 December 2014
  8. ↑ Ocean Park press release Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 18 February 2011
  9. 1 2 "Corporate Information – General Facts". Ocean Park Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  10. 1 2 'Empty the tanks': Hong Kong's Ocean Park at centre of activists' battle to stop dolphin captivity Archived 10 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, SCMP, 27 June 2015
  11. 1 2 Wild or captivity? Archived 28 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, HK Dolphin Watch
  12. ↑ "海洋公園哈囉喂全日祭2016正式啟動！ 海洋公園呈獻亞洲最大型萬聖節慶典 推出嶄新、互動、滿載既驚喜又驚嚇之景點及節目". Ocean Park Hong Kong. 15 September 2016. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017.
  13. ↑ Mander, Michael. "Ocean Park Halloween Fest line-up revealed | blooloop". blooloop. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017.
  14. ↑ Disney Rival Ocean Park to Woo Visitors With Egg-Shaped Hong Kong Aquarium Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg.com Wendy Leung – 11 January 2011 12:01 PM GMT+0800
  15. ↑ "Shark Mystique". Ocean Park Hong Kong. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  16. ↑ Boost, Rick (22 February 2019). "Hong Kong Ocean Park Marriott Hotel officially opens". Marketing Interactive. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  17. ↑ Ocean Park to seek Hong Kong government help for HK$10 billion bid to revive ailing resort, SCMP, 8 Jan 2020
  18. 1 2 Ocean Park’s fight for survival: can home-grown Hong Kong attraction be brought back from the brink?, SCMP, 1 Feb 2020
  19. ↑ "Annual Report 2015/16" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2017.
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  27. ↑ Ocean Park visitor numbers slip on wet weather, new rules for mainland tourists Archived 28 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, SCMP, 4 December 2014
  28. ↑ Diana Lee, Baby hopes for new HK celebrities Archived 22 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 27 April 2007
  29. ↑ Matthew Young "World's oldest panda Jia Jia dies aged 38 after a short illness". Daily Mirror. 16 October 2016. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018., The Mirror, 16 October 2016
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  34. ↑ ""Living fossil of fish" Chinese sturgeons debut in HK". Xinhua. 20 June 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008.
  35. ↑ Wu, Elaine (15 July 2008). "Ocean Park nets five more sturgeon". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013.
  36. ↑ "HK returns sick sturgeon to China". BBC. 8 January 2009. Archived from the original on 17 February 2009.
  37. ↑ "Mission Completed for Ocean Park Chinese Sturgeon Aquarium – Yangtze Exploration". 15 November 2019.
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  44. ↑ "海洋公園- 事業發展 » 現有職位空缺". careers.oceanpark.com.hk. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  45. ↑ Standard, The. "Ocean Park slips to red". The Standard. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  46. ↑ "TEA/AECOM 2007 Global Attractions Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
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  48. ↑ "TEA/AECOM 2009 Global Attractions Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
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  57. ↑ "TEA/AECOM 2019 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  58. ↑ "TEA/AECOM 2020 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). 15 October 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
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  61. ↑ Clifford, LO. "Mainland Chinese tourist plunges 11 metres to his death in Ocean Park accident". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  62. ↑ Lo, Clifford (18 September 2017). "Student who died after Hong Kong haunted house accident 'may have missed dim warning sign'". South China Morning Post.
  63. ↑ Su, Xinqi (16 September 2017). "Ocean Park closes Halloween attraction after man found dead inside haunted house". South China Morning Post.
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