Huancayo
Santísima Trinidad de Huancayo
Holy Trinity of Huancayo
Plaza Constitución, Cathedral of Huancayo, Real Plaza Huancayo, Wanka Identity Park, Administration and Government Pavilion of the National University of the Center of Peru and Panoramic.
Flag of Huancayo
Flag
Coat of arms of Huancayo
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
"La Ciudad Incontrastable"
(The Uncontrastable City)
Huancayo is located in Peru
Huancayo
Huancayo
Location in Peru
Coordinates: 12°4′S 75°13′W / 12.067°S 75.217°W / -12.067; -75.217
CountryPeru
RegionJunin
ProvinceHuancayo
DistrictHuancayo
Founded1 June 1572
Government
 • TypeMunicipal government
 • MayorHenry López Cantorín
Area
 • Total319.41 km2 (123.32 sq mi)
Elevation
3,259 m (10,692 ft)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total456,250
 • Estimate 
(2015)[1]
364,725
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-5 (PET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (PET)
Area code64
Websitewww.munihuancayo.gob.pe

Huancayo (Spanish pronunciation: [waŋˈkaʝo]; in Wanka Quechua: Wankayu [wɐŋˈkæjuː], '(place) with a (sacred) rock') is the capital of the Junín Region, in the central highlands of Peru, in the Mantaro Valley. It was founded as a reduction by the name Santísima Trinidad de Huancayo on June 1, 1572, by Don Jerónimo de Silva, a Spanish conquistador.[2]

The Huanca people largely inhabited the area even before the Inca Empire.[3] They allied with the Spanish, notably Francisco Pizarro, to overthrow and conquest the Inca Empire.[4]

Geography

La Inmaculada church
La Merced church
Huancayo Cathedral

Huancayo is located in the Huancayo Province, serving as the province's capital. Situated in the Mantaro Valley at an altitude of 3,271 meters, it belongs to the Quechua region. Depending on delimitation, the agglomeration has a population between 340,000 and 380,000 and is the fifth most populous city of the country. Huancayo is the cultural and commercial center of the whole central Peruvian Andes area. Huancayo Metropolitano is made up of seven districts that form the urban center of the Junín region. This region is considered central Peru's economic and social hub.[5]

History

Pre-Columbian era

The area was originally inhabited by the Huancas. At around 500 BC, they were incorporated into the Wari Empire. Despite efforts to defend its independence, the Huancas were eventually subdued by the Inca leader Pachacutec in 1460 and the region was incorporated into the Inca empire. It subsequently became a notable stopping point along the Inca Camino Real.

Colonial era

After the Spanish colonization in 1534, Huancayo was overshadowed by Jauja, a provisional capital of Peru, until Lima took over that role, as established by the conquistador Francisco Pizarro. In 1570, the viceroy Francisco de Toledo established the site as the center of his encomienda Guancayo. The town was officially established on 1 June 1572 with the title of Santísima Trinidad de Huancayo. In 1813, Huancayo celebrated the promulgation of the Constitution of Cadiz, changing the name of "Plaza del Comercio" to "Plaza de la Constitución".

Republican era

During the war for independence, Huancayo was liberated on 20 November 1820. Construction on the cathedral commenced in 1831. The accord was made law in Huancayo in 1854, when Peru officially ended slavery. There is a statue in the Plaza Constitución commemorating this.

Recent situation

Today, in addition to its importance as a center of commerce, Huancayo is known for the crafts and the many festivals of the surrounding towns. Having rapidly expanded in recent decades, it has few remaining colonial buildings. Currently, the cityscape is dominated by modern construction.

The city's rise began with the construction of a central railway Callao-La Oroya in 1908 and later extended from Lima to Huancayo in the early 1930s. The railway connection between Lima and Huancayo, introduced new ways of transporting goods. The railway's new avenues for transport contributed to the city's economic and population growth. Population growth was mostly present in Tambo and Chilica, two suburban districts near the highways.[5] Furthermore, population growth between 1981 and 2007 was a result of in-migration due to terrorist attacks of Sendero Luminoso. People from highlands and amazonian lowlands sought refuge in Andean cities such as Huancayo.

Demographics

According to the National Census of 2007,[6] the three main districts of Huancayo have a total population of about 340,000. However, the continuous settlement area have already reached periurban districts, resulting in the agglomeration's population to be at least 380,000 people. Amerindian and Mestizos (Amerindian and Spanish ancestry) are the two largest ethnic groups in the city. Asian (mainly descendants of Japanese and Chinese immigrants) and European descendants are important minority groups.

Municipalities of
the city		 Area
km2		 Population
censo 2007(hab)		 Population under 1 year-old
Census 2007(hab)		 Households
(2007)		 Density
(inhabitants/km2)		 Elevation
msnm
Chilca 8,3 km2 77.392* 1.358* 17.509 9.324,33 3.275 msnm
El Tambo 73,56 km2 146.847* 2.365* 36.982 1.996,28 3.260 msnm
Huancayo 237,55 km2 112.054* 1,789* 27.552 471,70 3.249 msnm
Total 319,41 km2 336.293* 5.512* 82.043 1.052,85 —
*Data from the census taken by the INEI[7]

Transport

Huancayo has transportation connections by road and rail. The Francisco Carle Airport at Jauja offers daily connections to Lima and is located 45 minutes via car from Huancayo. Current airlines include LATAM Peru, LC Peru, and Peruvian Airlines. To travel by road, the Carretera Central links Huancayo with La Oroya and Lima, which generally takes seven to eight hours. Multiple bus carriers operate between Lima and Huancayo daily. The Ferrocarril Central Andino enables transport by rail. Huancayo was a break-of-gauge from 914 mm (3 ft) gauge to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge for the 147 km (91 mi) extension to Huancavelica. In 2009, this line was being standardised.[8] There was a plan (Metro Wanka) to use the railway line as a local metro; however, this never came to fruition.[9]

Education

Local universities

Branches of other Peruvian universities

Language institutes

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015. Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012-2015 (Report). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. March 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  2. ↑ "1 de Junio: Fundación de la ciudad de Huancayo". noticias.laiglesiadejesucristo.org (in Spanish). 1 June 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  3. ↑ Keatinge, Richard W. (10 March 1988). Peruvian Prehistory: An Overview of Pre-Inca and Inca Society. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27555-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ↑ Cartwright, Mark (4 May 2014). "Wanka Civilization". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  5. 1 2 Haller, Andreas; Borsdorf, Axel (2013). "Huancayo Metropolitano". Cities. 31: 553–562. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2012.04.004.
  6. ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Perfil Sociodemográfico del Perú Archived 14 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine pp. 29–30, 32, 34.
  7. ↑ Censo 2005 INEI Archived 23 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ↑ Trains, March 2009, p68
  9. ↑ "Proyecto del Metro Wanka se queda sin vagones". Diario Correo (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 October 2017.
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