Tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones are named by various warning centers to simplify communication between forecasters and the general public regarding forecasts, watches and warnings. The names are intended to reduce confusion in the event of concurrent storms in the same basin. Once storms develop sustained wind speeds of more than 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph), names are generally assigned to them from predetermined lists, depending on the basin in which they originate. Some tropical depressions are named in the Western Pacific, while tropical cyclones must contain a significant amount of gale-force winds before they are named in the Southern Hemisphere.

Before it became standard practice to give personal (first) names to tropical cyclones, they were named after places, objects, or the saints' feast days on which they occurred. Credit for the first usage of personal names for weather systems is generally given to Queensland Government Meteorologist Clement Wragge, who named systems between 1887 and 1907. When Wragge retired, the practice fell into disuse for several years until it was revived in the latter part of World War II for the Western Pacific. Formal naming schemes and lists have subsequently been used for major storms in the Eastern, Central, Western and Southern Pacific basins, and the Australian region, Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean.

History

Tropical cyclone naming institutions
BasinInstitutionArea of responsibility
Northern Hemisphere
North Atlantic
Eastern Pacific		United States National Hurricane CenterEquator northward, European and African Atlantic Coasts – 140°W[1]
Central PacificUnited States Central Pacific Hurricane CenterEquator northward, 140°W – 180°[1]
Western PacificJapan Meteorological Agency
PAGASA (unofficial)		Equator – 60°N, 180 – 100°E
5°N – 21°N, 115°E – 135°E		[2]
[3]
North Indian OceanIndia Meteorological DepartmentEquator northward, 100°E – 40°E[4]
Southern Hemisphere
South-West
Indian Ocean		Mauritius Meteorological Services
Météo Madagascar
Météo-France Reunion		Equator – 40°S, 55°E – 90°E
Equator – 40°S, African Coast – 55°E
Equator – 40°S, African Coast – 90°E		[5]
Australian regionIndonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics
Papua New Guinea National Weather Service
Australian Bureau of Meteorology		Equator – 10°S, 90°E – 141°E
Equator – 10°S, 141°E – 160°E
10°S – 40°S, 90°E – 160°E		[6]
Southern PacificFiji Meteorological Service
Meteorological Service of New Zealand		Equator – 25°S, 160°E – 120°W
25°S – 40°S, 160°E – 120°W		[6]
South AtlanticBrazilian Navy Hydrographic Center (unofficial)Equator – 35°S, Brazilian Coast – 20°W[7]

Before the formal start of naming, tropical cyclones were often named after places, objects, or saints' feast days on which they occurred. The credit for the first usage of personal names for weather systems is generally given to the Queensland Government Meteorologist Clement Wragge, who named systems between 1887 and 1907. This system of naming weather systems subsequently fell into disuse for several years after Wragge retired until it was revived in the latter part of World War II for the Western Pacific. Formal naming schemes have subsequently been introduced for the North Atlantic, Eastern, Central, Western and Southern Pacific basins as well as the Australian region and Indian Ocean.[8]

At present, tropical cyclones are officially named by one of eleven warning centers and retain their names throughout their lifetimes to facilitate the effective communication of forecasts and storm-related hazards to the general public.[9] This is especially important when multiple storms are occurring simultaneously in the same ocean basin.[9] Names are generally assigned in order from predetermined lists, once they produce one, three, or ten-minute sustained wind speeds of more than 65 km/h (40 mph).[1][4][5] However, standards vary from basin to basin, with some systems named in the Western Pacific when they develop into tropical depressions or enter PAGASA's area of responsibility.[3] Within the Southern Hemisphere, systems must be characterized by a significant amount of gale-force winds occurring around the center before they are named.[5][6]

Any member of the World Meteorological Organization's hurricane, typhoon and tropical cyclone committees can request that the name of a tropical cyclone be retired or withdrawn from the various tropical cyclone naming lists.[1][2][6] A name is retired or withdrawn if a consensus or majority of members agree that the system has acquired a special notoriety, such as causing a large number of deaths and amounts of damage, impact, or for other special reasons.[1] A replacement name is then submitted to the committee concerned and voted upon, but these names can be rejected and replaced with another name for various reasons: these reasons include the spelling and pronunciation of the name, the similarity to the name of a recent tropical cyclone or on another list of names, and the length of the name for modern communication channels such as social media.[1][2][10] PAGASA also retires the names of significant tropical cyclones when they have caused at least ₱1 billion in damage or have caused at least 300 deaths.[11]

North Atlantic Ocean

Hurricane Lee at peak intensity to the east of the Leeward Islands in September 2023

Within the North Atlantic Basin, tropical or subtropical storms are named by the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC/RSMC Miami), when they are judged to have 1-minute sustained winds of at least 34 kn (39 mph; 63 km/h).[1] The name selected comes from one of six rotating alphabetic lists of twenty-one names, that are maintained by the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) RA IV Hurricane Committee.[1] These lists skip the letters Q, U, X, Y and Z, rotate from year to year and alternate between male and female names.[1] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired from the lists, with a replacement name selected at the next meeting of the Hurricane Committee.[1]

Prior to 2021, if all of the names on the annual name list were used, additional tropical or subtropical storms would be named with Greek letters. In March 2021, the WMO announced any additional storms will receive a name from a supplemental list, to avoid confusion caused by the Greek letter names.[12]

List of Atlantic tropical cyclone names
2023
Names ArleneBretCindyDonEmilyFranklinGertHaroldIdaliaJoseKatia
LeeMargotNigelOpheliaPhilippeRinaSeanTammyVinceWhitney
2024
Names AlbertoBerylChrisDebbyErnestoFrancineGordonHeleneIsaacJoyceKirk
LeslieMiltonNadineOscarPattyRafaelSaraTonyValerieWilliam
2025
Names AndreaBarryChantalDexterErinFernandGabrielleHumbertoImeldaJerryKaren
LorenzoMelissaNestorOlgaPabloRebekahSebastienTanyaVanWendy
2026
Names ArthurBerthaCristobalDollyEdouardFayGonzaloHannaIsaiasJosephineKyle
LeahMarcoNanaOmarPauletteReneSallyTeddyVickyWilfred
2027
Names AnaBillClaudetteDannyElsaFredGraceHenriImaniJulianKate
LarryMindyNicholasOdettePeterRoseSamTeresaVictorWanda
2028
Names AlexBonnieColinDanielleEarlFarrahGastonHermineIdrisJuliaKarl
LisaMartinNicoleOwenPaulaRichardSharyTobiasVirginieWalter
Supplemental list
Names AdriaBraylenCaridadDeshawnEmeryFosterGemmaHeathIslaJacobusKenzie
LucioMakaylaNolanOrlandaPaxRoninSophieTayshaunVivianaWill

Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean

Hurricane Otis at peak intensity off the coast of Guerrero in October 2023

Within the Eastern Pacific Ocean, there are two warning centers that assign names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization when they are judged to have intensified into a tropical storm with winds of at least 34 kn (39 mph; 63 km/h).[1] Tropical cyclones that intensify into tropical storms between the coast of Americas and 140°W are named by the National Hurricane Center (NHC/RSMC Miami), while tropical cyclones intensifying into tropical storms between 140°W and 180° are named by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC/RSMC Honolulu).[1] Significant tropical cyclones have their names retired from the lists and a replacement name selected at the next World Meteorological Organization Hurricane Committee.[1]

Eastern North Pacific (east of 140°W)

When a tropical depression intensifies into a tropical storm to the north of the Equator between the coastline of the Americas and 140°W, it will be named by the NHC. There are six lists of names which rotate every six years and begin with the letters A—Z used, skipping Q and U, with each name alternating between a male or a female name.[1] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired from the lists, with a replacement name selected at the next meeting of the Hurricane Committee.[1] If all of the names on the annual name list are used, any additional tropical or subtropical storms will receive a name from a supplemental list.[12]

List of Eastern Pacific tropical cyclone names
2023
Names AdrianBeatrizCalvinDoraEugeneFernandaGregHilaryIrwinJovaKennethLidia
MaxNormaOtisPilarRamonSelmaToddVeronicaWileyXinaYorkZelda
2024
Names AlettaBudCarlottaDanielEmiliaFabioGilmaHectorIleanaJohnKristyLane
MiriamNormanOliviaPaulRosaSergioTaraVicenteWillaXavierYolandaZeke
2025
Names AlvinBarbaraCosmeDalilaErickFlossieGilHenrietteIvoJulietteKikoLorena
MarioNardaOctavePriscillaRaymondSoniaTicoVelmaWallisXinaYorkZelda
2026
Names AmandaBorisCristinaDouglasElidaFaustoGenevieveHernanIselleJulioKarinaLowell
MarieNorbertOdalysPoloRachelSimonTrudyVanceWinnieXavierYolandaZeke
2027
Names AndresBlancaCarlosDoloresEnriqueFeliciaGuillermoHildaIgnacioJimenaKevinLinda
MartyNoraOlafPamelaRickSandraTerryVivianWaldoXinaYorkZelda
2028
Names AgathaBlasCeliaDarbyEstelleFrankGeorgetteHowardIvetteJavierKayLester
MadelineNewtonOrlenePaineRoslynSeymourTinaVirgilWinifredXavierYolandaZeke
Supplemental list
Names AidanBrunaCarmeloDaniellaEstebanFlorGerardoHeddaIzzyJacintaKenitoLuna
MarinaNancyOvidioPiaReySkylarTeoVioletaWilfredoXiniaYarielZoe

Central North Pacific Ocean (140°W to 180°)

Hurricane Walaka at peak intensity south of Johnston Atoll in October 2018

When a tropical depression intensifies into a tropical storm to the north of the Equator between 140°W and 180°, it is named by the CPHC.[1] Four lists of Hawaiian names are maintained by the World Meteorological Organization's hurricane committee, rotating without regard to year, with the first name for a new year being the next name in sequence that was not used the previous year.[1] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired from the lists, with a replacement name selected at the next Hurricane Committee meeting.[1]

List of Central Pacific tropical cyclone names
List Names
1 AkoniEmaHoneIonaKeliLalaMokeNoloOlanaPenaUlanaWale
2 AkaEkekaHeneIolanaKeoniLinoMeleNonaOliwaPamaUpanaWene
3 AlikaEleHukoIopaKikaLanaMakaNekiOmekaPewaUnalaWali
4 AnaElaHalolaIuneKiloLokeMaliaNialaOhoPaliUlikaWalaka
References:[1]

Western Pacific Ocean (180° – 100°E)

Typhoon Bolaven at its peak intensity over the Pacific Ocean in October 2023

Tropical cyclones that occur within the Northern Hemisphere between the anti-meridian and 100°E are officially named by the Japan Meteorological Agency when they become tropical storms.[2] However, PAGASA also names tropical cyclones that occur or develop into tropical depressions within their self-defined area of responsibility between 5°N–25°N and 115°E–135°E.[3] This often results in tropical cyclones in the region having two names.[3]

International names

Tropical cyclones within the Western Pacific are assigned international names by the Japan Meteorological Agency when they become tropical storms with 10-minute sustained winds of at least 34 kn (39 mph; 63 km/h).[2] The names are used sequentially without regard to year and are taken from five lists of names that were prepared by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee, after each of the 14 members submitted 10 names in 1998.[2] The order of the names to be used was determined by placing the English name of the members in alphabetical order.[2] Members of the committee are allowed to request the retirement or replacement of a system's name if it causes extensive destruction or for other reasons such as number of deaths.[2]

Philippines

Typhoon Egay at peak intensity off the coast of northern Luzon in July 2023

Since 1963, PAGASA has independently operated its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones that occur within its own self-defined Philippine Area of Responsibility.[3][15] The names are taken from four different lists of 25 names and are assigned when a system moves into or develops into a tropical depression within PAGASA's jurisdiction.[3][15] The four lists of names are rotated every four years, with the names of significant tropical cyclones retired if they have caused at least ₱1 billion in damage and/or at least 300 deaths within the Philippines;[15][16] replacements to retired names are taken from the agency's list of reserved names.[15] If the list of names for a given year are exhausted, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first ten of which are published every year.[15]

List of Philippine region tropical cyclone names
2023
Main AmangBettyChedengDodongEgayFalconGoringHannaInengJennyKabayanLiwaywayMarilyn
NimfaOnyokPerlaQuielRamonSarahTamarawUgongViringWengYoyoyZigzag
Auxiliary AbeBertoCharoDadoEstoyFelionGeningHermanIrmaJaime
2024
Main AghonButchoyCarinaDindoEntengFerdieGenerHelenIgmeJulianKristineLeonMarce
NikaOfelPepitoQuerubinRominaSionyTonyoUpangVickyWarrenYoyongZosimo
Auxiliary AlakdanBaldoClaraDencioEstongFelipeGomerHelingIsmaelJulio
2025
Main AuringBisingCrisingDanteEmongFabianGorioHuaningIsangJacintoKikoLannieMirasol
NandoOpongPaoloQuedanRamilSalomeTinoUwanVerbenaWilmaYasminZoraida
Auxiliary AlamidBrunoConchingDolorErnieFloranteGerardoHernanIskoJerome
2026
Main AdaBasyangCaloyDomengEsterFranciscoGardoHenryIndayJosieKiyapoLuisMaymay
NenengObetPilandokQueenieRosalSamuelTomasUmbertoVenusWaldoYayangZeny
Auxiliary AgilaBagwisChitoDiegoElenaFelinoGundingHarrietIndangJessa
References:[15]

North Indian Ocean (100°E – 45°E)

Cyclone Mocha at peak intensity while approaching Myanmar in May 2023

Within the North Indian Ocean between 45°E – 100°E, tropical cyclones are named by the India Meteorological Department (IMD/RSMC New Delhi) when they are judged to have intensified into cyclonic storms with 3-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 34 kn (39 mph; 63 km/h).[4] If a cyclonic storm moves into the basin from the Western Pacific, then it will keep its original name.[4] However, if the system weakens into a deep depression and subsequently reintensifies after moving into the region, then it will be assigned a new name.[4] In May 2020, the naming of Cyclone Amphan exhausted the original list of names established in 2004.[4] A new list of names has been prepared and is being used in alphabetical order for storms after Amphan.[4][17]

List of North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone names (effective from 2020)
List Contributing nation
Bangladesh India Iran Maldives Myanmar Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Thailand U.A.E. Yemen
1 NisargaGatiNivarBureviTauktaeYaasGulabShaheenJawadAsaniSitrangMandousMocha
2 BiparjoyTejHamoonMidhiliMichaungRemalAsnaDanaFengalShakhtiMonthaSenyarDitwah
3 ArnabMurasuAkvanKaaniNgamannSailSahabLuluGhazeerGigumThianyotAfoorDiksam
4 UpakulAagSepandOdiKyarthitNaseemAfshanMoujAsifGaganaBulanNahhaamSira
5 BarshonVyomBooranKenauSapakyeeMuznManahilSuhailSidrahVerambhaPhutalaQuffalBakhur
6 RajaniJharAnahitaEndheriWetwunSadeemShujanaSadafHareedGarjanaAiyaraDaamanGhwyzi
7 NishithProbahoAzarRiyauMwaihoutDimaParwazReemFaidNeebaSamingDeemHawf
8 UrmiNeerPooyanGuruvaKyweManjourZannataRayhanKaseerNinnadaKraisonGargoorBalhaf
9 MeghalaPrabhanjanArshamKurangiPinkuRukamSarsarAnbarNakheelViduliMatchaKhubbBrom
10 SamironGhurniHengameKuredhiYinkaungWatadBadbanOudHaboobOghaMahingsaDeglShuqra
11 PratikulAmbudSavasHoranguLinyoneAl-jarzSarrabBaharBareqSalithaPhraewaAthmadFartak
12 SaroborJaladhiTahamtanThundiKyeekanRababGulnarSeefAlreemRiviAsuriBoomDarsah
13 MahanishaVegaToofanFaanaBautphatRaadWaseqFanarWabilRuduTharaSaffarSamhah

South-West Indian Ocean (west of 90°E)

Cyclone Batsirai near peak intensity northwest of Mauritius in February 2022

Within the South-West Indian Ocean in the Southern Hemisphere between Africa and 90°E, a tropical or subtropical disturbance is named when it is judged to have intensified into a tropical storm with winds of at least 34 kn (39 mph; 63 km/h).[5][18] This is defined as being when gales are either observed or estimated to be present near a significant portion of the system's center.[5] Systems are named in conjunction with Météo-France Reunion by either Météo Madagascar or the Mauritius Meteorological Service.[5] If a disturbance reaches the naming stage between Africa and 55°E, then Météo Madagascar names it; if it reaches the naming stage between 55°E and 90°E, then the Mauritius Meteorological Service names it.[5] The names are taken from three pre-determined lists of names, which rotate on a triennial basis, with any names that have been used automatically removed.[5] These names are then replaced by the WMO's RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee, with names submitted by member nations.[5]

List of South–West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone names
2023–24
Names AlvaroBelalCandiceDjoungouEleanorFilipoGamaneHidayaIalyJeremyKangaLudziMelina
NoahOniasPelagieQuamarRitaSolaniTarikUriliaVuyaneWagnerXusaYaronaZacarias
2024–25
Names AnchaBhekiChidoDikelediElvisFaidaGaranceHondeIvoneJudeKantoLiraMaipelo
NjaziOscarPamelaQuentinRajabSavanaThembaUyapoVivianeWalterXangyYemuraiZanele
2025–26
Names AwoBlossomChengeDudzaiEwetseFyitaGezaniHoracioIndusaJulukaKundaiLiseboMichel
NousraOlivierPokeraQuincyRebaoneSalamaTristanUrsulaVioletWilsonXilaYekelaZaina
References:[5][18]

Australian region (90°E – 160°E)

Within the Australian region in the Southern Hemisphere between 90°E – 160°E, a tropical cyclone is named when observations or Dvorak intensity analysis indicate that a system has gale force or stronger winds near the center which are forecast to continue.[6] The Indonesian Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika names systems that develop between the Equator and 10°S and 90°E and 141°E, while Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service names systems that develop between the Equator and 10°S and 141°E and 160°E.[6] Outside of these areas, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology names systems that develop into tropical cyclones.[6] In order to enable local authorities and their communities in taking action to reduce the impact of a tropical cyclone, each of these warning centres reserve the right to name a system early if it has a high chance of being named.[6] If a name is assigned to a tropical cyclone that causes loss of life or significant damage and disruption to the way of life of a community, then the name assigned to that storm is retired from the list of names for the region.[6] A replacement name is then submitted to the next World Meteorological Organization's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee meeting.[6]

Indonesia

If a system intensifies into a tropical cyclone between the Equator – 10°S and 90°E – 141°E, it will be named by the Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG/TCWC Jakarta).[6] Names are assigned in sequence from list A, while list B details names that will replace names on list A that are retired or removed for other reasons.[6]

List of Indonesian tropical cyclone names
List A
AnggrekBakungCempakaDahliaFlamboyanKenangaLiliMelatiRambutanTeratai
List B
AnggurBelimbingDukuJambuLengkengManggisNangkaPepayaTerongSawo
References:[6][19]

Papua New Guinea

If a system intensifies into a tropical cyclone between the Equator – 10°S and 141°E – 160°E, then it will be named by Papua New Guinea National Weather Service (NWS, TCWC Port Moresby).[6] Names are assigned in sequence from list A and are automatically retired after being used regardless of any damage caused.[6] List B contains names that will replace names on list A that are retired or removed for other reasons.[6]

List of Papua New Guinea tropical cyclone names
List A
AluBuriDodoEmauFereHibuIlaKamaLobuMaila
List B
NouObahaPaiaRanuSabiTauUmeValiWauAuram
References:[6]

Australia

Cyclone Ilsa at peak intensity approaching Western Australia in April 2023

When a system develops into a tropical cyclone below 10°S between 90°E and 160°E, then it will be named by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM/TCWC Melbourne).[6] The names are assigned in alphabetical order and used in rotating order without regard to year.[6]

List of Australian tropical cyclone names
List A
Names AnikaBillyCharlotteDarianEllieTBA[nb 10]GemmHermanIsabellaJasperKirrily
LincolnMeganNevilleOlgaPaulRobynSeanTaliahVinceZelia—
List B
Names AnthonyBiancaCourtneyDianneErrolFinaGrantHayleyIggyJennaKoji
LuanaMitchellNarelleOranPetaRiordanSandraTimVictoriaZane—
List C
Names AlessiaBruceCatherineDylanEdnaFletcherGillianHadiIvanaJackKate
LaszloMingzhuNathanOrianaQuinceyRaquelStanTatianaUriahYvette—
List D
Names AlfredBlancheCalebDaraErnieFrancesGregHildaIrvingJoyceKelvin
LindaMarcoNoraOwenPennyRileySavannahTrungVerityWallace—
List E
Names AmberBlakeClaudiaDeclanEstherFerdinandGretelHeathImogenJoshuaKimi
LucasMarianNiranOdettePaddyRubyStaffordTiffanyVernon——
References:[6]

Southern Pacific Ocean (160°E – 120°W)

Cyclone Lola at peak intensity in October 2023.

Within the Southern Pacific basin in the Southern Hemisphere between 160°E – 120°W, a tropical cyclone is named when observations or Dvorak intensity analysis indicate that a system has gale force or stronger winds near the centre which are forecast to continue.[6] The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) names systems that are located between the Equator and 25°S, while the New Zealand MetService names systems (in conjunction with the FMS) that develop to the south of 25°S.[6] In order to enable local authorities and their communities in taking action to reduce the impact of a tropical cyclone, the FMS reserves the right to name a system early if it has a high chance of being named.[6] If a tropical cyclone causes loss of life or significant damage and disruption to the way of life of a community, then the name assigned to that cyclone is retired from the list of names for the region.[6] A replacement name is then submitted to the next World Meteorological Organization's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee meeting.[6] The name of a tropical cyclone is determined by using Lists A–D in order, without regard to the year before restarting with List A.[6] List E contains names that will replace names on Lists A–D when needed.[6]

List of South Pacific tropical cyclone names
List A
Names AruBinaCarolDoviEvaFiliGinaHaleIreneJoseseKirioLolaMal
NatOsaiPitaRaeSeruTamUrmilVaianuWatiXavierYaniZita
List B
Names ArthurBeckyChipDeniaElisaFotuGlenHettieInnisJulieKenLinMaciu
NishaOreaPaluReneSarahTroyUinitaVanessaWano—YvonneZaka
List C
Names AlvinBuneCyrilDanialEdenFlorinGarryHaleyIsaJuneKofiLouiseMike
NikoOpetiPerryReubenSoloTuniUluVictorWanita—YatesZidane
List D
Names AmosBartCrystalDeanEllaFehiGarthHolaIrisJoKalaLiuaMona
NeilOmaPanaRitaSamadiyoTasiUesiVickyWasi—YabakiZazu
List E (Standby)
Names AdamaBenChristyDakaiEmosiFekiGermaineHartIliJuninaKosiLuteMata
NetaOlinaPaeaRexSeteTemoUilaVelmaWane—YavalaZanna
References:[6]

South Atlantic Ocean

When a tropical or subtropical storm exists in the South Atlantic Ocean, the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center's Marine Meteorological Service names the system using a predetermined list of names. The names are assigned in alphabetical order and used in rotating order without regard to year.[7] The name "Kurumí" replaced "Kamby" in 2018 without the latter being used. In 2022, 32 new names were added.[21]

List of South Atlantic tropical cyclone names
Names AraniBapoCariDeniEçaíGuaráIbaJaguarKurumíManiOquiraPotiraRaoni——UbáYakecan
Akará Biguá Caiobá —Endy Guarani Iguaçú Jaci Kaeté Maracá Okanga Poti Reri Sumé Tupã Upaba Ybatinga
Aratu Buri Caiçara —Esapé Guaí Itã Juru Katu Murici Oryba Peri Reia Samburá Taubaté Uruana Ytu
References:[7][21]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The name Conson was retired from the 2021 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  2. ↑ The name Kompasu was retired from the 2021 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  3. ↑ The name Rai was retired from the 2021 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  4. ↑ The name Malakas was retired from the 2022 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  5. ↑ The name Megi was retired from the 2022 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  6. ↑ The name Ma-on was retired from the 2022 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  7. ↑ The name Hinnamnor was retired from the 2022 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  8. ↑ The name Noru was retired from the 2022 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  9. ↑ The name Nalgae was retired from the 2022 Pacific typhoon season. It will be replaced in early 2024.[13]
  10. ↑ The name Freddy has been retired from the rotating lists of Australian region cyclone names. A replacement name is yet to be announced.[20]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 RA IV Hurricane Committee (May 9, 2023). Hurricane Operational Plan for North America, Central America and the Caribbean 2023 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved July 29, 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WMO/ESCAP Typhoon Committee (2023). Typhoon Committee Operational Manual: Meteorological Component 2023 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Why and how storms get their names". GMA News. September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea: 2019 (Report) (2019 ed.). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee (2023). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-West Indian Ocean (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (2023). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2023 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 "NORMAS DA AUTORIDADE MARÍTIMA PARA AS ATIVIDADES DE METEOROLOGIA MARÍTIMA NORMAM-19 1a REVISÃO" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Navy. 2018. p. C-1-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 6, 2018. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  8. ↑ Dorst, Neal M (October 23, 2012). "They Called the Wind Mahina: The History of Naming Cyclones" (PPTX). Hurricane Research Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Slides 8–72.
  9. 1 2 Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (June 1, 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Names". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. November 10, 2014. Archived from the original on February 22, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  11. ↑ "PAGASA replaces names of 2014 destructive typhoons" (Press release). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. February 5, 2015. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  12. 1 2 "WMO Hurricane Committee retires tropical cyclone names and ends the use of Greek alphabet". World Meteorological Organization. March 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Replacement of Typhoon Names" (PDF). 55th Session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. February 17, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
  14. ↑ RSMC Tokyo-Typhoon Center (March 24, 2018). "List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific and the South China Sea (valid as of 2018): Names of tropical cyclones". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on December 12, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  16. ↑ "PAGASA replaces Tropical Cyclone "Lando" to "Liwayway"" (Press release). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on November 14, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  17. ↑ "IMD Releases New List of Upcoming Cyclone Names Over North Indian Ocean | The Weather Channel - Articles from The Weather Channel | weather.com". The Weather Channel.
  18. 1 2 La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (August 31, 2015). "How are the names chosen?". Météo-France. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  19. ↑ "Cyclone Names". Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. Archived from the original on March 16, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  20. ↑ Tropical cyclone names (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on October 28, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
  21. 1 2 "NORMAS DA AUTORIDADE MARÍTIMA PARA AS ATIVIDADES DE METEOROLOGIA MARÍTIMA NORMAM-19 2ª REVISÃO 2022" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Navy. 2022. p. D-5. Retrieved April 30, 2023.

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