Substances, mixtures, and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified as group 1 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC):[1] The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient. Still, there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.

This list is focusing on the hazard linked to the agents. This means that the carcinogenic agents are capable of causing cancer, but this does not take their risk into account, which is the probability of causing a cancer, given the level of exposure to this carcinogenic agent.[2]

Agents

Infectious conditions

Viruses

Bacterium

Worms

Chemical substances

Radiations and physical agents thereof

Complex mixtures/agents

Exposure circumstances

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This evaluation applies to the group of compounds as a whole and not necessarily to all individual compounds within the group.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Evaluated as a group.
  3. ↑ There is also conclusive evidence that this agent (tamoxifen) reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancer.
  4. 1 2 Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents.
  5. ↑ There is also convincing evidence in humans that these agents confer a protective effect against cancer in the endometrium and ovary.
  6. ↑ Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 1 with strong supporting evidence from other relevant data.

References

  1. ↑ "List of Classifications, Agents classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–124". IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Risk to Humans. IARC. July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  2. ↑ "IARC monographs preamble (as amended in 2019)" (PDF). International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Retrieved August 18, 2023. A cancer hazard is an agent that is capable of causing cancer, whereas a cancer risk is an estimate of the probability that cancer will occur given some level of exposure to a cancer hazard.
  3. 1 2 "IARC Strengthens Its Findings on Several Carcinogenic Personal Habits and Household Exposures" (Press release). International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Retrieved August 1, 2014. November 2, 2009 ‐‐ IARC has updated the cancer assessments of several personal habits and household exposures that cause cancer, including tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, and household coal smoke. The update was conducted with the advice of 30 scientists from 10 countries who met at IARC in October 2009. [...] The Working Group concluded that acetaldehyde associated with alcohol consumption is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and confirmed the classification in Group 1 of alcohol consumption and of ethanol in alcoholic beverages.
  4. ↑ "IARC: Diesel Engine Exhaust Carcinogenic" (Press release). International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Retrieved August 14, 2016. June 12, 2012 ‐‐ After a week-long meeting of international experts, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of the World Health Organization (WHO), today classified diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidence that exposure is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer
  5. ↑ "IARC Monographs evaluate consumption of red meat and processed meat" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2015.
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