International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
AbbreviationICIJ
Formation1997 (1997)
Location
Director
Gerard Ryle
Rhona Murphy (chair), Alexander Papachristou, Alejandra Xanic von Bertrab Wilhelm, Tom Steinberg, Dapo Olorunyomi, Birgit Rieck, Tony Norman
Revenue (2020)
$3,022,355[1]
Websitewww.icij.org

The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Inc. (ICIJ), is an independent global network of 280 investigative journalists and over 140 media organizations spanning more than 100 countries.[2] It is based in Washington, D.C., with personnel in Australia, France, Spain, Hungary, Serbia, Belgium and Ireland.[3]

The ICIJ was launched in 1997 by American journalist Charles Lewis as an initiative of the Center for Public Integrity,[4] with the aim of exposing international crime and corruption. In 2017, it became a fully independent organization and was later granted 501(c)(3) nonprofit status.

The Panama Papers were the result of a collaboration with the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung and more than 100 other media partners,[5] with journalists spending a year sifting through 11.5 million leaked files from the Panama-based law firm Mossack Fonseca. It culminated in a partial release on 3 April 2016, garnering global media attention.[6][7] The set of confidential financial and legal documents included detailed information on more than 14,000 clients and more than 214,000 offshore entities, revealing the identities of shareholders and directors including noted personalities and heads of state[8]—government officials, close relatives and associates of various heads of government of more than 40 other countries.[9][8][10] Süddeutsche Zeitung first received the released data from an anonymous source in 2015.[8] After working on the Mossack Fonseca documents for a year, ICIJ director Gerard Ryle described how the offshore firm had "helped companies and individuals with tax havens, including those that have been sanctioned by the U.S. and UK for dealing with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad."[11]

The ICIJ helped bring about the Corporate Transparency Act in the United States.[12] The Enablers Act, included in the annual defense bill, was first proposed shortly after ICIJ's Pandora Papers investigation exposed widespread exploitation of lax financial disclosure rules in the U.S.[13]

Governments have recovered more than US$1.36 billion in taxes as a result of the Panama Papers project alone,[14] and some continue to collect lost tax revenue.[15]

History

In 1997, the Center for Public Integrity began creating the consortium. By 2000, the ICIJ consisted of 75 investigative reporters in 39 countries."[16]: 11 

In early November 2014, the ICIJ's Luxembourg Leaks investigation revealed that Luxembourg under Jean-Claude Juncker's premiership had turned into a major European centre of corporate tax avoidance.[17]

In February 2015, the ICIJ website released information about bank accounts in Switzerland under the title Swiss Leaks: Murky Cash Sheltered by Bank Secrecy, which published information on 100,000 clients and their accounts at HSBC.[18][19]

In February 2017, ICIJ was spun off into a fully independent organisation, which is governed by three committees: a board of directors, an Advisory Committee, and the ICIJ Network Committee.[20]

ICIJ was granted nonprofit status from US tax authorities in July 2017.[20]

In 2017, the ICIJ, the McClatchy Company, and the Miami Herald won the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting for the Panama Papers.[21] In total, the ICIJ won more than 20 awards for the Panama Papers.[22]

Selected reports

Global tobacco industry

From 2008 to 2011, the ICIJ investigated the global tobacco industry, revealing how Philip Morris International and other tobacco companies worked to grow businesses in Russia, Mexico, Uruguay and Indonesia.[23]: 23 

Offshore banking series

The ICIJ partnered with The Guardian, BBC, Le Monde, the Washington Post, SonntagsZeitung, The Indian Express, Süddeutsche Zeitung and NDR to produce an investigative series on offshore banking.[24][25] They reported on government corruption across the globe, tax avoidance schemes used by wealthy people and the use of secret offshore accounts in Ponzi Schemes.[26]

In June 2011, an ICIJ article revealed how an Australian businessman had helped his clients legally incorporate thousands of offshore shell entitles "some of which later became involved in the international movement of oil, guns and money."[27]

In April 2013, a report (Offshore Leaks) disclosing details of 130,000 offshore accounts, some of which conducted international tax fraud.

In early 2014, the ICIJ revealed that relatives of China's political and financial elite were among those using offshore tax havens to conceal wealth.[28] In July 2019, the Mauritius Leaks showed how Mauritius was being used as one such tax haven.


Panama Papers

Countries with politicians, public officials or close associates named in the leak on 15 April 2016

In 2016, the Süddeutsche Zeitung received a leaked set of 11.5 million confidential documents from a secret source, created by the Panamanian corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca.[29] The so-called Panama Papers provided detailed information on more than 214,000 offshore companies, including the identities of shareholders and directors which included government officials, close relatives and close associates of various heads of government of more than 40 countries.[8][10] Because of the leak the prime minister of Iceland, Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson, was forced to resign on 5 April 2016.[7] By 4 April 2016 more than 100 media organisations[30] had participated in analyzing the documents,[11] including BBC Panorama, and the UK newspaper, The Guardian.[30] Based on the Panama Paper disclosure, Pakistan Supreme Court constituted the Joint Investigation Team to probe the matter and disqualified the Prime Minister Nawas Sharif on 28 July 2017 to hold any public office for life.

The ICIJ and Süddeutsche Zeitung received the Panama Papers in 2015 and distributed them to about 400 journalists at 107 media organizations[30] in more than 80 countries.[29][31][32]

According to The New York Times,[7]

[T]he Panama Papers reveal an industry that flourishes in the gaps and holes of international finance. They make clear that policing offshore banking and tax havens and the rogues who use them cannot be done by any one country alone. Lost tax revenue is one consequence of this hidden system; even more dangerous is its deep damage to democratic rule and regional stability when corrupt politicians have a place to stash stolen national assets out of public view.

Paradise Papers

Countries with politicians, public officials or close associates named in the leak on 5 November 2017

In 2017, the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung obtained millions of leaked files[33][34] known as the Paradise Papers, regarding tax havens, related to the Bermuda-based offshore specialist Appleby. The files were shared the ICIJ and later the media.[34] They revealed that many of the tax havens used by Appleby are in the Cayman Islands.[34][35]

Implant Files

In November 2018, the ICIJ published the Implant Files,[36] the first global investigation into the medical device industry that tracked the harm caused by medical devices that have been tested inadequately or not at all.[37] It took a year to plan and another year to complete.

ICIJ partnered with 252 journalists from 59 media organisations in 36 countries to examine how devices are tested, approved, marketed and monitored.[38] Anchoring the probe was an analysis of more than 8 million device-related health records, including death and injury reports and recalls.[39] In total, the ICIJ won 11 awards for the Implant Files.[40]

Mauritius Leaks

In July 2019, the ICIJ published the Mauritius Leaks,[41] a datajournalistic investigation about how the former British colony Mauritius has transformed itself into a financial centre and tax haven. A whistleblower leaked documents from a law firm in Mauritius to the ICIJ, providing insight in how multinational companies avoid paying taxes when they do business in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

China Cables

In November 2019, the ICIJ revealed classified Chinese government documents leaked by exiled Uighurs, dubbed the China Cables which prove mass surveillance and internment camps of Uighurs and other Muslim minorities in China's Xinjiang province.[42]

Luanda Leaks

In January 2020, Luanda Leaks revealed how Angola's richest woman, Isabel dos Santos, used a network of Western advisors to amass a fortune.[43][44] The investigation showed how dos Santos and her husband, Sindika Dokolo, built their empire taking advantage of many secrecy jurisdictions.[45]

FinCEN Files

In September 2020, the ICIJ along with BuzzFeed News published leaked documents[46] from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) that describe suspicious financial transactions across multiple global financial institutions.[47]

Pandora Papers

On October 3, 2021,[48][49] the ICIJ began publishing 11.9 million leaked documents (comprising 2.9 terabytes of data) that came to be known as the Pandora Papers. The ICIJ described the document leak as their most expansive exposé of financial secrecy yet, containing documents, images, emails and spreadsheets from 14 financial service companies, in nations including Panama, Switzerland and the UAE,[50][51] surpassing their previous release of the Panama Papers in 2016, which had 11.5 million confidential documents.[52][53][54][55]

In total, the ICIJ won nine awards for the Pandora Papers including the Overseas Press Club of America's Malcolm Forbes Award for international business reporting[56] and the WAN-IFRA North American Digital Media Award.[57]

Ericsson List

In February 2022, the ICIJ published the Ericsson List,[58] an internal investigation into corruption inside the Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company Ericsson. It detailed corruption in at least 10 countries. Ericsson has admitted "serious breaches of compliance rules".[59]

Uber Files

In July 2022, the ICIJ published the Uber Files,[60] a leaked database of Uber's activities in about 40 countries from 2013 to 2017. The documents were leaked to The Guardian, and shared with the ICIJ and a number of media organisations.[61]

Deforestation Inc.

In March 2023, the ICIJ published Deforestation Inc.,[62] a nine-month investigation into greenwashing practices pertained by major environmental auditing firms. The investigation was conducted in collaboration with 39 media partners from 27 countries worldwide.

Cyprus Confidential

In November 2023, ICIJ and 68 partners reported on the financial network which supports the regime of Vladimir Putin.[63] The roughly 3.6 million leaked documents were obtained variously via Distributed Denial of Secrets, Paper Trail Media, and the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP). They contain confidential information from financial services companies, mostly with connections to Cyprus, and show that country to have strong links with high-up figures in the Kremlin, some of whom have been sanctioned.[64] The investigation purports to show "how 67 of the 105 Russian billionaires on the 2023 Forbes World’s Billionaires List used financial services firms on the island to hide their wealth and keep it out of reach from Western sanctions".[65] The investigation was initiated by ZDF, Der Spiegel and ICIJ, and involved more than 270 journalists from 69 media companies worldwide, including the political journal "frontal", the Washington Post, the Guardian, the Austrian Der Standard and the Swiss research network Tamedia.[66]

Data journalism

In the course of the Panama Papers and Paradise Papers investigations, ICIJ was challenged to learn about and implement various technologies to manage international collaboration on terabytes of data – structured and unstructured (e.g. emails, PDFs) – and how to extract meaningful information from this data. Among the technologies used were the Neo4j graph database management system and Linkurious to search and visualize the data.[67] The data-intensive projects involved not just veteran investigative journalists, but also demanded data journalists and programmers.

ICIJ's research platform is called Datashare. It is free and open source. Datashare was developed by ICIJ together with Swiss university École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.[68] In 2021, Datashare was improved to make 11.9 million records (2.9 terabytes) available to more than 600 journalists.[69] Also in 2021, the ICIJ's technology team built a new open-source platform, Prophecies, to make data fact-checking more efficient.

ICIJ's public Offshore Leaks Database a repository of information on companies registered in tax havens. It uses machine-learning techniques to analyze data. The ICIJ also provides advice on the use of other public databases, as well as research assistance to partner journalists.

Collaborative journalism

The ICIJ's collaborative journalism model has been described as a new departure for global journalism[70][71] that embraces collaboration.[72] ICIJ's cross-border collaboration, involves more than 140 newspapers, television and radio stations, and online media organizations, and is marked by transparency and peer scrutiny.[73] The stories that result from the collaboration are published simultaneously around the world and made available to readers free.

The ICIJ is funded entirely by donations.[74]

Awards and recognition

ICIJ's collaborations have received several awards, including the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting.[75]  Their work to uncover financial secrecy was nominated for the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize.[76] In 2021, the ICIJ also won a News Emmy along with PBS Frontline for its Luanda Leaks investigation[77] and was named a Pulitzer Prize finalist for the FinCEN Files.[78]

In 2022, the ICIJ was awarded the Katharine Graham Award for courage and accountability by the White House Correspondents’ Association.[79] ICIJ also received an Honourable Mention award at the 2022 Allard Prize for International Integrity.[80]

The ICIJ organized the bi-annual Daniel Pearl Awards for Outstanding International Investigative Reporting. The award is currently not being awarded.[20][81][82][83][84][85]

GuideStar, a nonprofits evaluator, gave the ICIJ a "Gold Seal of Transparency" in 2019.[86]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Roberts, Ken; Schwencke, Mike; Tigas, Sisi; Wei, Alec; Glassford, Andrea; Suozzo, Brandon (9 May 2013). "International Consortium Of Investigative Journalists Inc - Nonprofit Explorer". ProPublica. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  2. ↑ "About the ICIJ - International Consortium of Investigative Journalists". 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  3. ↑ "ICIJ history - ICIJ". 6 June 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  4. ↑ Vasilyeva, Natalya; Anderson, Mae (3 April 2016). "News Group Claims Huge Trove of Data on Offshore Accounts". The New York Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  5. ↑ "About the investigation". www.icij.org. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  6. ↑ "The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists". ICIJ. April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 The Editorial Board (5 April 2016). "The Panama Papers' Sprawling Web of Corruption". New York Times. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Vasilyeva, Natalya; Anderson, Mae (3 April 2016). "News Group Claims Huge Trove of Data on Offshore Accounts". The New York Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  9. ↑ Garside, Juliette; Pegg, David (6 April 2016). "Panama Papers reveal offshore secrets of China's red nobility: Disclosures show how havens such as British Virgin Islands hide links between big business and relatives of top politician". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  10. 1 2 "Panama Papers: The Power Players". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  11. 1 2 Epatko, Larisa (4 April 2016). "Here's what we know so far about the leaked Panama papers". PBS. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  12. ↑ "House committee advances 'once in a generation' crackdown on enablers of financial crime - ICIJ". 23 June 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  13. ↑ "US proposes crackdown on financial 'enablers' in wake of Pandora papers". the Guardian. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  14. ↑ Times, The Brussels. "Tax authorities have recovered over a billion euros since Panama Papers leak". www.brusselstimes.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  15. ↑ "Panama Papers helps recover more than $1.2 billion around the world - ICIJ". 3 April 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  16. ↑ "2000 Center for Public Integrity Annual Report" (PDF). Center for Public Integrity. 2000. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  17. ↑ "Luxembourg tax files: how tiny state rubber-stamped tax avoidance on an industrial scale". The Guardian. 5 November 2014.
  18. ↑ "Video: Michael Nikbakhsh wird Mitglied des ICIJ". www.profil.at (in German). 4 June 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  19. ↑ "Michael Nikbakhsh". Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  20. 1 2 3 "About the ICIJ". www.icij.org. ICIJ. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  21. ↑ "Explanatory Reporting". www.pulitzer.org. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  22. ↑ "ICIJ's Awards". www.icij.org. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  23. ↑ Pitzke, Marc (4 April 2013). "Offshore Leaks: Vast Web of Tax Evasion Exposed". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  24. ↑ "Offshore secrets: what is the Guardian investigation based on?". London: guardian.co.uk. 25 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  25. ↑ Guevara, Marina Walker; Hager, Nicky; Cabra, Mar; Ryle, Gerard; Menkes, Emily. Who Uses the Offshore World (Report). Secrecy for Sale: Inside the Global Offshore Money Maze. International Consortium for Investigative Journalists. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  26. ↑ Ryle, Gerard (28 June 2011). "Inside the shell: Drugs, arms and tax scams". Secrecy for sale: inside the global offshore money maze. ICIJ. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  27. ↑ Gerard Ryle (21 January 2014). "China's elite linked to secret offshore entities". ICIJ. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  28. 1 2 "DocumentCloud 149 Results Source: Internal documents from Mossack Fonseca (Panama Papers) – Provider: Amazon Technologies / Owner: Perfect Privacy, LLC USA". Center for Public Integrity. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  29. 1 2 3 "Panama Papers: Government announces creation of 'panel of experts'", BBC News, BBC, 7 April 2016, retrieved 7 April 2016
  30. ↑ Obermaier, Frederik; Obermayer, Bastian; Wormer, Vanessa; Jaschensky, Wolfgang (3 April 2016). "About the Panama Papers". Süddeutsche Zeitung. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  31. ↑ "The Panama Papers: Data Methodology". ICIJ. 3 April 2016. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  32. ↑ "ICIJ releases new investigation: the Paradise Papers". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. 5 November 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  33. 1 2 3 McIntire, Mike; Chavkin, Sasha; Hamilton, Martha M. (5 November 2017). "Commerce Secretary's Offshore Ties to Putin 'Cronies'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  34. ↑ "'Paradise Papers' documents touch Trump administration". POLITICO. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  35. ↑ "Implant Files - ICIJ". 25 November 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  36. ↑ "Revealed: faulty medical implants harm patients around world". the Guardian. 25 November 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  37. ↑ "About The Implant Files Investigation - ICIJ". 25 November 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  38. ↑ "Patients given unsafe medical implants". BBC News. 25 November 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  39. ↑ "ICIJ's Awards - ICIJ". 16 October 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  40. ↑ "Mauritius Leaks: An exposé into a tiny tax haven's global footprint - ICIJ". 23 July 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  41. ↑ Shiel, Fergus (23 November 2019). "China Cables, China's Operating Manuals for Mass Internment". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  42. ↑ "Western advisers helped an autocrat's daughter amass and shield a fortune". www.icij.org. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  43. ↑ "Luanda Leaks | Africa's richest woman exploited family ties, shell companies and inside deals". www.icij.org. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  44. ↑ "Explore: How to build a business empire". www.icij.org. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  45. ↑ "FinCEN Files - ICIJ". 20 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  46. ↑ Donkin, Karissa; Zalac, Frédéric (25 September 2020). "2 shadowy Canadian companies flagged by banks for millions received in suspicious transfers". CBC News. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  47. ↑ Miller, Greg; Cenziper, Debbie; Whoriskey, Peter (3 October 2021). "Pandora Papers - A Global Investigation - Billions Hidden Beyond Reach - Trove of secret files details opaque financial universe where global elite shield riches from taxes, probes and accountability". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  48. ↑ "Pandora Papers: A simple guide to the Pandora Papers leak". BBC News. 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  49. ↑ "Offshore havens and hidden riches of world leaders and billionaires exposed in unprecedented leak - ICIJ". www.icij.org. 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  50. ↑ "Pandora Papers: Secret wealth and dealings of world leaders exposed". BBC News. 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  51. ↑ "Bigger than Panama: Several Pakistani names on upcoming Pandora Papers | SAMAA". Samaa TV. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  52. ↑ "Pandora Papers: Exposé featuring financial secrets of high-profile individuals to be released Sunday". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  53. ↑ "ICIJ set to release Pandora Papers same like Panama Papers". Dunya News. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  54. ↑ Ghumman, Faisal Ali (2 October 2021). "ICIJ 'to release' Pandora Papers (Panama-2) also involving Pakistanis tomorrow". GNN - Pakistan's Largest News Portal. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  55. ↑ "13 The Malcolm Forbes Award 2021". OPC. 12 April 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  56. ↑ "Local, regional and national news media companies in the US and Canada are invited to present their most cutting-edge digital work". WAN-IFRA. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  57. ↑ "The Ericsson List - ICIJ". 27 February 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  58. ↑ "Revealed: leaked files show how Ericsson allegedly helped bribe Islamic State". the Guardian. 27 February 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  59. ↑ "The Uber Files - ICIJ". 10 July 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  60. ↑ "Uber Files: Massive leak reveals how top politicians secretly helped Uber". BBC News. 10 July 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  61. ↑ "Deforestation Inc - ICIJ". 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  62. ↑ "Cyprus Confidential - ICIJ". www.icij.org. 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  63. ↑ "Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs". The Irish Times. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  64. ↑ Tognini, Giacomo (14 November 2023). "Cyprus Confidential: ICIJ Reveals How 67 Russian Billionaires Used Cyprus Financial Firms To Hide Their Wealth". Forbes. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  65. ↑ "Oligarchen-Paradies Zypern: Geheimverträge russischer Milliardäre" [Oligarchs' paradise Cyprus: secret contracts of Russian billionaires]. www.zdf.de (in German). 14 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  66. ↑ Ghosh, Shona (8 November 2017). "How a nerdy Swedish database startup with $80m in funding cracked the Paradise Papers". Business Insider. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  67. ↑ "'Trust and technology' at heart of latest collaborative journalism tool - ICIJ". 17 August 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  68. ↑ "ICIJ's Datashare platform to keep growing with new focus on collaboration - ICIJ". 2 February 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  69. ↑ "ICIJ: Global Collaboration for Maximum Impact · The Case for Media Impact". towcenter.gitbooks.io. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  70. ↑ "How ICIJ established a new model for cross-border reporting". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  71. ↑ Berglez, Peter; Gearing, Amanda (29 October 2018). "The Panama and Paradise Papers. The Rise of a Global Fourth Estate". International Journal of Communication. 12: 20. ISSN 1932-8036.
  72. ↑ Pitt, Fergus; Green-Barber, Lindsay (2017). The Case for Media Impact: A Case Study of ICIJ's Radical Collaboration Strategy (Report). doi:10.7916/D85Q532V.
  73. ↑ "Donate - ICIJ". 14 October 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  74. ↑ "Panama Papers wins Pulitzer Prize - ICIJ". 7 April 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  75. ↑ Redefyne. "ICIJ: Investigative journalists nominated for Nobel Peace Prize - EU Today". eutoday.net. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  76. ↑ "News & Documentary Emmys". Twitter. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  77. ↑ "FinCEN Files investigation named Pulitzer Prize finalist - ICIJ". 11 June 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  78. ↑ "WHCA Announces 2022 Journalism Awards". White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA). 6 April 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  79. ↑ "Ismael Bojórquez Perea and Pavla Holcová Jointly Awarded 2022 Allard Prize | Allard Prize for International Integrity". www.allardprize.org. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  80. ↑ "Razzle-Dazzle 'Em Ethics Reform". New York Times. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  81. ↑ Galvin, Kevin (1996). "Buchanan Campaign Chief Has Military Ties". Associated Press.
  82. ↑ Goldstein, Steve (16 February 1996). "'Outsider' Runs Filled With 'Insider' Advisers". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  83. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". Center for Public Integrity. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  84. ↑ "The States Get a Poor Report Card". New York Times. 19 March 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  85. ↑ "International Consortium of Investigative Journalists Inc - GuideStar Profile". GuideStar.org. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
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