Kubachi
гӀугъбуган
ghug’bugan
Native toNorth Caucasus
RegionDagestan
Native speakers
7,000 (2020)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3ugh
Glottologkuba1248

Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people.[2] It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.[1]

Vowels

Vowel phonemes of Kubachi
Front Back
plain pharyngealized plain pharyngealized
close short [u] у u [uˤ] уӏ ü
long [uː] уу uu [uːˤ] ууӏ üü
near-close short [ɪ] и i [ɪˤ] иӏ ï
long [ɪː] ии ii [ɪːˤ] ииӏ ïï
open-mid short [ɛ] е e [ɛˤ] еӏ ë
long [ɛː] ee ee [ɛːˤ] eeӏ ëë
open short [ɑ] а a [ɑˤ] аӏ ä
long [ɑː] aa aa [ɑːˤ] aaӏ ää

Consonants

The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by both sources.

Consonant phonemes of Kubachi
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
plain plain plain labialized plain labialized plain
Nasal [m] м m [n] н n
Plosive voiced [b] б b [d] д d [g] г g [gʷ] гв gw [ʡ] гӏ ÿ [ʔ] ъ y
aspirated [pʰ] п p [tʰ] т t [kʰ] к k [kʰʷ] кв kw [qʰ] къ q [qʰʷ] къв qw
fortis [pː] пп pp [tː] тт tt [kː] кк kk [kːʷ] ккв kkw [qː] ккъ qq [qːʷ] ккъв qqw
ejective [pʼ] пӏ pʼ [tʼ] тӏ tʼ [kʼ] кӏ kʼ [kʼʷ] кӏв kʼw [qʼ] кь qʼ [qʼʷ] кьв qʼw
Affricate aspirated [t͡sʰ] ц c [t͡ʃʰ] ч ç [q͡χʰ] хъ qx [q͡χʰʷ] хъв qxw
fortis [t͡sː] цц cc [t͡ʃː] чч çç
ejective [t͡sʼ] цӏ cʼ [t͡ʃʼ] чӏ çʼ
Fricative voiced [z] з z [ʒ] ж ẑ [ʁ] гъ ĝ [ʁʷ] гъв ĝw [ħ] хӏ ħ [h] гь h
plain [s] с s [ʃ] ш ş [x] хь ĵ [xʷ] хьв ĵw [χ] х x [χʷ] хв xw
fortis [sː] сс ss [ʃː] шш şş [xː] ххь ĵĵ [xːʷ] ххьв ĵĵw [χː] хх xx [χːʷ] ххв xxw
Trill [r] р r
Approximant [w] в v [l] л l [j] й j

References

  1. 1 2 Kubachi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ↑ Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-136-14274-1.
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