| Adai | |
|---|---|
| Tenánat Hadéyas | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Louisiana |
| Ethnicity | Adai people |
| Extinct | late 19th century[1] |
unclassified | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xad |
xad | |
| Glottolog | adai1235 |
| Linguasphere | 64-BCA-a |
 Pre-contact distribution of Adai | |
Adai (also Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) is an extinct Native American language that was spoken in northwestern Louisiana.
Classification
It was once proposed that there may be a connection between Adai and the nearby Caddoan languages, but this now seems unlikely.[2]
Vocabulary
Adai is known only from a list of 275 words from 1804 by John Sibley.[3] The manuscript word list below has been reproduced from Grant's (1995) transcriptions.[2] (Note: Due to the poor printing in Grant (1995), the text below may not be entirely accurate and will need to be re-checked.)
Nouns
| gloss | Adai |
|---|---|
| fire | nang |
| water | holcat |
| earth | capăt |
| air | gavecăt |
| wind | solette |
| sky | ganick |
| sun | naleen |
| moon | nachavat |
| star | otat |
| light | cahachet |
| darkness | hachaoosto |
| day | nestack |
| night | arestenet |
| cold | hastalza |
| smoke | sewot |
| cloud | sowie |
| fog | sawiatto |
| rain | ganic |
| hail | hiechuck |
| ice | hăhing |
| frost | hatsuck |
| dew | helgat |
| rainbow | cochakee |
| thunder | nacotrine |
| lightning | newiche |
| yesterday | woncha |
| today | naleaton |
| tomorrow | ansteete |
| a day | nallenachus |
| a month | ponachus |
| a year | ovetsnachus |
| spring | hoasang |
| summer | weetsuck |
| autumn | hăstal neetsoock |
| winter | henawnck |
| a man | haasing |
| a woman | quaechuke |
| a boy | tallahache |
| a girl | quoatwistuck |
| a child | tallahaning |
| father | kewanick |
| mother | amanie |
| brother | gasing |
| sister | nasing |
| husband | hasekino |
| wife | quochekino |
| son | tallehennic |
| daughter | quolasinic |
| the body | stieng |
| the head | tochae |
| the hair | catatuck |
| the beard | tosocat |
| the faced | annack |
| an eye | analca |
| the nose | wecoocat |
| the cheek | ampachochuk |
| chin | teaskuck |
| lip | wacachuck |
| mouth | wacatcholak |
| tooth | awat |
| tongue | tenanat |
| ear | calat |
| neck | hautoleat |
| arm | walcat |
| wrist | sickolat |
| hand | secut |
| finger | okinsin |
| belly | noeyack |
| back | sahaocat |
| side | soleot |
| bubby | acut |
| nipple | actonè |
| thigh | otack |
| leg | ahasuck |
| foot | nocal |
| toe | notocat |
| skin | polac |
| nails | sicksapasca |
| bone | wahacut |
| blood | pchack |
| life | waaton |
| death | oeying |
| food | capisting |
| meat | kosing |
| fat | taanack |
| lean | ahcanick |
| bread | okhapin |
| Indian corn | ocasuck |
| milk | haplecut |
| egg | oalaken |
| a house | coochut |
| buffalo | haapan |
| elk | wakhanissie |
| deer | wakhine |
| bear | solang |
| wolf | akalasco |
| panther | hieanne |
| wildcat | ocashine |
| polecat | nowat |
| fox | yanostan |
| beaver | culawa |
| raccoon | angalasto |
| opossum | wasehat |
| hare | awaine |
| squirrel | onack |
| flying squirrel | paachan |
| mole | ainolack |
| a bird | washang |
| an eagle | ochuck |
| a hawk | tiang |
| owl | onack |
| turkey | owachuck |
| swan | teotoka |
| wild goose | nicknicka |
| duck | ahuck |
| turkey buzzard | aspachuack |
| raven | anak |
| crow | antocock (anlocock) |
| blackbird | tehalhuck |
| crane | cuhat |
| pigeon | anchocat |
| pheasant | newatocat |
| partridge | newan |
| mockingbird | waccocochin |
| redbird | yatochosto |
| snake | hostuck |
| lizard | annuila |
| butterfly | washep |
| fly | ganetso |
| fish | aesut |
| frog | halonloka (halontoka) |
| gold | selhack |
| silver | stawa |
| copper | holnasak |
| a stone | ekseka |
| wood | mang |
| gum | wastocha |
| a mountain | tolola |
| hill | newanah |
| valley | steluck |
| sea | aatack |
| lake | aatalkon |
| pond | holcata |
| river | yawichat |
| creek | yacuck |
| a spring | holcastalga |
| grass | hasack |
| a tree | tanack |
| pine | tanquechat |
| cedar | nooktanuck |
| sycamore | heohè |
| ash | toltenna |
| elm | napstein |
| beech | hancaptin |
| birch | caoluck |
| maple | wieack |
| oak | pantana |
| chestnut | hangan |
| hickory | tampchasuck |
| walnut | nahattonie |
| locust | nohat |
| mulberry | etalenno |
| a vine | colac |
| tobacco | hackhuck |
| joy | olaha |
| sorrow | cachtiek |
Adjectives
| gloss | Adai |
|---|---|
| white | testaga |
| black | hatona |
| green | naetsa |
| blue | ostonga |
| yellow | neetsack |
| red | pechasat |
| good | awiste |
| bad | ashawè |
| large | tocat |
| small | enechet |
| high | alonie |
| low | hatishtinet |
| broad | walack |
| narrow | cooatechuck |
| old | hansnala |
| young | tallahasin |
| new | colisco |
| hard | toosca |
| soft | yolaca |
| sweet | piscacha |
| sour | chacuck |
| bitter | yaweiling |
| hot | welchuck |
| cold | hostalga |
| dry | tollooso |
| wet | walloco |
| strong | olack |
| weak | okesack |
| pretty | alwoinie |
| ugly | chawack |
| sick | kistana |
| brave | hackhing |
| cowardly | tewani |
| wise | acknossese |
| foolish | achiskiet |
Pronouns
| gloss | Adai |
|---|---|
| I | hicatuck |
| you | innaluak |
| he | nassicon |
| she | estuck |
| they | ostachan |
| this | attack |
| that | natack |
Verbs
| gloss | Adai |
|---|---|
| to eat | okeach |
| to drink | hann |
| to sleep | nican |
| to laugh | heike |
| to cry | newaskè |
| to sing | havetoo |
| to whistle | yastoo |
| to smell | nescon |
| to hear | henaasack |
| to see | watuck |
| to speak | cocheek |
| to walk | enacoot |
| to run | hehi |
| to stand | hintoco |
| to sit | hetachelsa |
| to lie down | connie |
| to smoke a pipe | hatchhunk |
| to love | cosetan |
| to hate | hieska |
| to strike | ecanhack |
| to kill | yoeick |
| to dance | nasan |
| to jump | yestook |
| to fall | yeahtack |
| to break | cheeceek (cheereek?) |
| to bend | pasquoque |
Numerals
| gloss | Adai |
|---|---|
| 1 | nancas |
| 2 | nass |
| 3 | colle |
| 4 | tacache |
| 5 | seppacan |
| 6 | pacanancus |
| 7 | pacaness |
| 8 | pacalcon |
| 9 | sickinish |
| 10 | neusne |
| 11 | cooscosnawa |
| 12 | coawaconnos |
| 13 | coescoescola |
| 14 | coescoestacahce |
| 15 | coescoesspacanas |
| 16 | coescoespacana |
| 17 | coescoespalcol |
| 18 | coescoespaciness |
| 19 | coescoessickiness |
| 20 | neusnieanagas |
| 20 | coescoesnagas |
| 30 | coescoesnass |
| 40 | coescoescola |
| 50 | coescoestathata |
| 60 | coescoesipagan |
| 70 | coescosepanas |
| 80 | coescoeshana |
| 90 | coescoespalcola |
| 100 | coescoessikiness |
| 200 | neusnicola |
| 300 | neusnicol |
| 400 | coscosnagas |
| 500 | coscosnassa |
| 600 | coescoescolla |
| 700 | coescoestacataha |
| 800 | coescoesipacanis |
| 900 | coescoespacanis |
| 1000 | quosquospanis |
Others
| gloss | Adai |
|---|---|
| yes | cola |
| no | ieska |
Notable places language was spoken
References
- ↑ Adai at MultiTree on the Linguist List
- 1 2 Grant, Anthony P. 1995. John Sibley's Adai vocabulary: a contribution to Caddoan Lexicography? Paper presented at 1995 Siouan-Caddoan Conference, Albuquerque. 15pp. (Contains the entire vocabulary of Adai from MS in American Philosophical Soc.)
- ↑ Sibley, John. 1804. A vocabulary of the Adaye or Adaize Indians. Manuscript. (See also Mithridates Vol. 3, part 3., p. 278.)
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509427-5
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
External links
Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Adai word list
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