| Kadugli | |
|---|---|
| Central Kadu | |
| Native to | Sudan |
| Region | South Kordofan |
| Ethnicity | Kadugli people, Katcha, Damba, Tumma |
Native speakers | 75,000 (2004)[1] |
Nilo-Saharan?
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xtc |
| Glottolog | katc1249 |
Kadugli, also Katcha-Kadugli-Miri or Central Kadu, is a Kadu language or dialect cluster spoken in South Kordofan. Stevenson treats the varieties as dialects of one language, and they share a single ISO code, though Schadeberg (1989) treats them as separate languages.
Dialects
There are five commonly cited varieties. Three of them are rather divergent, on the verge of being distinct languages:
- Katcha (Tolubi, Dholubi)
- Kadugli proper (Dakalla, Talla, Dhalla, Toma Ma Dalla, Kudugli, Morta)
- Miri
However, they share a single orthography and use the same literacy materials (Ethnologue).
Of the two other commonly cited varieties, Damba is somewhat closer to Kadugli, while Tumma appears to be a (sub)dialect of Katcha.
Villages in which the dialects are spoken according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue:
- Katcha dialect: Belanya, Dabakaya, Farouq, Kafina, Katcha, and Tuna villages
- Kadugli dialect: ’Daalimo, Kadugli, Kulba, Murta, Takko, and Thappare villages
- Miri dialect: Hayar al-Nimr, Kadoda, Kasari, Kuduru, Kya, Luba, Miri Bara, Miri Guwa, Nyimodu, Sogolle, Tulluk, and Umduiu villages
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | c | k | (ʔ) |
| voiced | (b) | ɟ | |||||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||
| Fricative | f | s | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||
- [b] is heard as an allophone of /p/.[2]
Vowels
| +ATR | -ATR | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | i | u | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Mid | o | ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Open | a | ||||
External links
References
- ↑ Kadugli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ Turner, Darryl (2015). The morphosyntax of Katcha nominals: A Dynamic Syntax account. University of Edinburgh.
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