Illinois's 1st congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative
  Jonathan Jackson
D–Chicago
Area258 sq mi (670 km2)
Population (2022)728,550
Median household
income		$64,107[1]
Ethnicity
Cook PVID+20[2]

Illinois's first congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Illinois. Based in Cook County, the district includes much of the South Side of Chicago, and continues southwest to Joliet.

From 2003 to early 2013 it extended into the city's southwest suburbs until reaching the border of Will County, and covered 97.84 square miles (253.4 km2), making it one of the 40 smallest districts in the U.S. (although there are four smaller districts in Illinois). The district had a population that was 65% African American, the highest percentage of any congressional district in the nation, but with redistricting that percentage has now declined to 52%. It includes the home of former President Barack Obama.

The 1st is a majority-minority district, and has been since at least the 1920s. In 1929, it became the first district in the 20th century to send an African American to Congress when Republican Oscar Stanton De Priest was elected to represent the district. The 1st has been represented by an African American Member of Congress ever since, the longest ongoing stretch of black representation for any seat in the House of Representatives. It has been held by a Democrat since 1935 when Arthur Mitchell, the first African American Democrat elected to Congress, took the seat as part of the New Deal Coalition. In 1949, district representative William Dawson became the first African American to chair a congressional committee. Since redistricting by the state legislature after the 2010 census, it is 51.3% black, 40.6% white, and 9.8% Hispanic in population.

The district is currently represented by Jonathan Jackson who was elected to succeed longtime incumbent Bobby Rush in 2022.[3]

Historical boundaries

The district was adjacent to the 2nd district to the east and south, the 7th district to the north, and the 3rd and 13th districts to the west, and also bordered the 11th district at its southwest corner. The district's northeast border followed Lake Michigan's shoreline for almost a mile.

The district was created following the 1830 U.S. census and came into existence in 1833, five months before Chicago was organized as a town; the state was previously represented in the U.S. House of Representatives with representative elected on an at-large basis. The district included Southwestern Illinois until 1853.[4][5] It included the state's northern edge until 1863.[6] Since that time, the district has included all or part of Cook County; since 1883 the population of the district has been primarily residing on Chicago's South Side. Historical populations reflected waves of immigration into the area: previous majority populations were ethnic Irish, German, and east European. Beginning in the mid-19th century, the Irish were the first to establish their physical and political control of the area within the city's South Side.

The current 1st district has a minority-majority population: 51.3% of the residents are African-American.[7] It has been represented in Congress by African Americans since 1929. Tens of thousands of African Americans moved to Chicago from the rural South in the Great Migration. They were confined by discrimination to the South Side of Chicago and gradually replaced ethnic whites who moved out to suburbs. At one point during the 1980s, more than 90% of the district's residents were black.[8]

While successive redistrictings have given the district a larger percentage of white voters, it is still one of the most reliably Democratic districts in the country; with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+28, it is the fourth most Democratic district of the eight that divide Chicago. The district has not sent a Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives since 1935. After the civil rights movement gained support from national Democratic Party for major legislation to restore constitutional rights, including the franchise in the South, most African Americans shifted to support the Democratic Party. Democratic congressional candidates routinely receive over 80% of the vote here. The Democratic trend runs right through to the national level; since the 1950s, Democratic presidential candidates have usually carry the district with well over 70 percent of the vote, and have done no worse than 64 percent/

Geography

Based in Chicago, the district includes the neighborhoods of Auburn Gresham, Burnside, Chatham and Greater Grand Crossing; almost all of West Englewood; the portion of Englewood south of 57th Street; the portion of Woodlawn west of Stony Island Avenue (i.e. excluding Jackson Park); the southern half of Kenwood (home of President Barack Obama); the eastern portion of Ashburn; parts of Avalon Park, Calumet Heights, Chicago Lawn, Douglas, Grand Boulevard, Hyde Park, Morgan Park, New City, Oakland, Roseland, South Shore, Washington Heights and Washington Park; the portion of Beverly southeast of 97th Street and Prospect Avenue; the portion of West Pullman southwest of 119th Street and Racine Avenue; and approximately two square blocks at the northwest corner of South Chicago.

The district's area south of 95th Street is almost entirely west of Interstate 57. The district includes the municipalities of Crestwood, Evergreen Park, Midlothian, Posen and Robbins, nearly all of Alsip, Blue Island and Oak Forest, parts of Calumet Park, Dixmoor, Markham, Orland Hills, Orland Park, Palos Heights, Tinley Park and Worth, and some small sections of Country Club Hills and Riverdale.

Demographics

In the twentieth century after the Great Migration from the South and concentration of blacks on the South Side due to de facto residential segregation, the district became the nation's first with a black-majority population. Since the 1920s, it has included the central area of Chicago's South Side African-American community. Over 85% of the district's residents were black during the period from the 1950s through the 1980s, but redistricting since that time – which redrew the district lines with the goal of maintaining three Chicago districts with black populations exceeding 60% – has reduced the percentage of black residents in the district to 70% in the 1990s. The current figure is 65%. Outward migration has caused the South Side's population to decrease over the years, and the district was expanded geographically to the southwest to gain residents, particularly as the state's congressional delegation has been reduced in numbers due to population changes and reapportionment. The district, which covered only nine square miles in the 1950s, is now more than ten times that size. Nearly half its current area was added for the 2000s.

The district's population dropped by 27% in the 1950s,[9] and by 20% in both the 1970s and 1980s, due to outward migration for suburbanization and because of people leaving the area due to loss of jobs.[8][10] In redistricting after the 1990 U.S. census, the district was extended into the suburbs for the first time in 90 years. Chicago is home to 70% of the district's residents (down from 90% in the 1990s),[11] although roughly 60% of the district's area is outside the city border. The district's white population (almost 30% of its residents) is concentrated in the suburban areas and in a few Chicago neighborhoods such as Hyde Park.[12] The district's largest white ethnic groups are Irish (7.1%), German (6.2%), Polish (4.5%) and Italian (3.2%),[13] mirroring the demographics of the neighboring third and thirteenth congressional districts. There are also sizable Dutch, Swedish, Czech, Palestinian, Greek and Lithuanian populations in the area of Oak Forest, Orland Park and Tinley Park, the district's three largest suburbs.

The Kenwood-Hyde Park area for several decades had a significant Jewish community. Existing buildings attest to its history, as the former Kehilath Anshe Ma'ariv temple (its second location) has been the headquarters of Jesse Jackson's Operation PUSH/Rainbow Coalition since 1971 . The area also includes a notable presence of Black Muslims and is the home of Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan in Kenwood.

As of 2000, 38% of the district's adult residents were married.

Redistricting

2011 cycle

In 2011, following the 2010 census, the state legislature redistricted. It expanded the district to cover parts of Cook and Will Counties. After redistricting, all or parts of Alsip, Blue Island, Calumet Park, Chicago, Country Club Hills, Crestwood, Dixmoor, Elwood, Evergreen Park, Frankfort, Frankfort Square, Harvey, Manhattan, Markham, Merrionette Park, Midlothian, Mokena, New Lenox, Oak Forest, Oak Lawn, Orland Hills, Orland Park, Palos Heights, Posen, Riverdale, Robbins, Tinley Park, and Worth are included.[14] The representative for these districts were elected in the 2012 primary and general elections, and the boundaries became effective on January 3, 2013.

2021 cycle

Composistion
# County Seat Population
31 Cook Chicago 5,173,146
91 Kankakee Kankakee 106,601
197 Will Joliet 697,252

As of the 2020 redistricting, the district will still be centered primarily around the Chicago's South Side, now with a greater portion of Will County, and a corner of northern Kankakee County.

The 1st district takes in the Chicago neighborhoods of Oakland, Burnham Park, Auburn Gresham, Washington Heights, Greater Grand Crossing, Chatham, and Burnside; most of Ashburn, Roseland, and Calumet Heights; the west portion of Kenwood and Woodlawn; and parts of South Deering, Near South Side, Douglas, Chicago Lawn, South Shore, South Chicago, Hyde Park, Washington Park, Morgan Park, and Mt. Greenwood.

Outside of the Chicago city limits, the district takes in the Cook County communities of Midlothian, Posen, and Robbins; most of Blue Island; the south portion of Lemont; and parts of Oak Forest, Orland Park, Crestwood, and Beverly.

Will County is split between this district, the 2nd district, and the 14th district. The 1st and 2nd districts are partitioned by South Harlem Ave, West Peotone Rd, North Peotone Rd, West Kennedy Rd, Rock Creek, and South Center Rd. The 1st and 14th districts are partitioned by West 135th St, High Rd, Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal, Thornton St, East 9th St, Madison St, East 12th St, East Division St, South Farrell Rd, Midewin National Tail Grass Prairie, West Schweizer Rd, Channahon Rd, DuPage River, and Canal Road North. The 1st district takes in the municipalities of Homer Glen, Braidwood, Minooka, Wilmington, Manhattan, Frankfort, Channahon, and New Lenox; Lockport east of the Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal; and part of Joliet.

Kankakee County is split between this district and the 2nd district. They are partitioned by North 5000E Rd, East 6000N Rd, Cardinal Drive, Durham St, East Armour Rd, East Marsile St, Bisallion Ave, and the Kankakee River. The 1st district takes in the municipalities of Manteno; half of Bourbannais; and part of Bradley.

Presidential election results

This table indicates how the district has voted in U.S. presidential elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it was configured at the time of the election, not as it is configured today. The candidate who received the most votes in the district is listed first; the candidate who won the election nationally is in CAPS, and the candidate who won the state of Illinois is indicated with a †.
Election District winner Runner up Other candidates
1852[15] Scott (W), 6,992 (42%) PIERCE† (D), 6,948 (41%) Hale (Free Soil), 2,885 (17%)
1856[15] Frémont (R), 18,247 (73%) BUCHANAN† (D), 5,991 (24%) Fillmore (American), 677 (3%)
1860[15] LINCOLN† (R), 21,436 (70%) Douglas (D), 8,940 (29%) Bell (Constitutional Union), 99 (0.3%); Breckinridge (D), 62 (0.2%)
1864[15] LINCOLN† (R), 18,667 (81%) McClellan (D), 4,351 (19%)
1868[15] GRANT† (R), 27,527 (59%) Seymour (D), 19,104 (41%)
1872
...
1948		 [data missing]
1952[16] Stevenson (D), 99,224 (75%) EISENHOWER† (R), 33,805 (25%)
1956[16] Stevenson (D), 68,266 (64%) EISENHOWER† (R), 38,827 (36%)
1960[17] KENNEDY† (D), 75,938 (77.80%) Nixon (R), 21,660 (22.19%)}
1964[18] JOHNSON† (D), 150,953 (84.91%) Goldwater (R), 26,823 (15.08%)
1968[19] Humphrey (D), 138,835 (93%) NIXON† (R), 10,081 (7%) Wallace (AIP), 1,010 (1%)
1972[20] McGovern (D), 145,003 (90%) NIXON† (R), 16,998 (10%)
1976[21] CARTER (D), 130,882 (90%) Ford† (R), 13,817 (10%)
1980[22] Carter (D), 128,426 (91%) REAGAN† (R), 6,633 (5%) Anderson (Indep.), 3,092 (2%)
1984[23] Mondale (D), 196,351 (95%) REAGAN† (R), 10,153 (5%)
1988[24] Dukakis (D), 174,793 (95%) G. H. W. BUSH† (R), 7,168 (4%)
1992[25] CLINTON† (D), 214,104 (81%) G. H. W. Bush (R), 32,803 (12%) Perot (Indep.), 17,355 (7%)
1996[26] CLINTON† (D), 179,767 (85%) Dole (R), 22,914 (11%) Perot (Reform), 6,378 (3%)
2000[27] Gore† (D), 194,432 (87%) G. W. BUSH (R), 24,276 (11%) Nader (Green), 2,867 (1%)
2004[28] Kerry† (D), 234,086 (83%) G. W. BUSH (R), 47,533 (17%)
2008[7] OBAMA† (D) 287,240 (81%) McCain (R) 66,840 (19%)
2012[7] OBAMA† (D) 262,836 (79%) Romney (R) 67,557 (20%)
2016[7] Clinton† (D) 262,836 (79%) TRUMP (R) 67,557 (20%)
2020[7] BIDEN† (D) 246,946 (74%) Trump (R) 82,594 (25%)

Results from recent statewide elections

This table indicates how the district has voted in recent statewide elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it is currently configured, not necessarily as it was at the time of these elections.
Year Office Results
2016 President Hillary Clinton 71.9% – Donald Trump 24.0%
Senate Tammy Duckworth 71.9% – Mark Kirk 23.5%
2018 Governor J. B. Pritzker 71.2% – Bruce Rauner 24.4%
Attorney General Kwame Raoul 71.1% – Erika Harold 26.9%
Secretary of State Jesse White 80.1% – Jason Helland 18.0%
2020 President Joe Biden 70.5% – Donald Trump 28.1%
Senate Dick Durbin 61.1% – Mark Curran 25.2%
2022 Senate Tammy Duckworth 69.5% – Kathy Salvi 29.2%
Governor J. B. Pritzker 67.7% – Darren Bailey 30.0%
Attorney General Kwame Raoul 68.2% – Tom DeVore 30.1%
Secretary of State Alexi Giannoulias 68.2% – Dan Brady 29.9%

Economy

The departure of the steel industry, along with other manufacturing jobs from the South Side in recent decades, has created economic difficulties which the area is still trying to overcome. The district's median household income as of 2000, $37,222, trailed the national average by 11.4%. The unemployment rate (7.6%) was more than double the national rate, and nearly 20% of district residents were living in poverty. These problems are more pronounced within the Chicago portion of the district – 14 of the district's 18 suburbs had median household incomes over $40,000 as of 1999, with the six most affluent grouped in the southwest corner of the district. But black middle-class Chicago neighborhoods, such as Avalon Park and Chatham, have remained more stable, along with the more upscale Hyde Park-Kenwood area. Health care and higher education now constitute major economic sectors in the region.

Hospitals in the district include Oak Forest Hospital in Oak Forest and Provident Hospital of Cook County in Grand Boulevard, both part of the Cook County Bureau of Health Services; as well as the University of Chicago Hospitals in Hyde Park, Little Company of Mary Hospital in Evergreen Park, Holy Cross Hospital in Chicago Lawn, St. Francis Hospital in Blue Island, Jackson Park Hospital in South Shore and St. Bernard Hospital in Englewood.

Local educational institutions include the University of Chicago in Hyde Park, Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in Douglas, Trinity Christian College in Palos Heights and Kennedy-King College, a Chicago city college, in Englewood, and Chicago State University in Roseland is located directly outside the district at its southern edge; in addition, there are five seminaries in Hyde Park: Catholic Theological Union, Chicago Theological Seminary, Lutheran School of Theology, McCormick Theological Seminary and Meadville Lombard Theological School.

U.S. Cellular Field, home of the Chicago White Sox, is less than 1,000 feet (300 m) west of the district's northwestern border. Other area cultural and entertainment attractions include the DuSable Museum of African American History in Chicago's Washington Park, and First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre in Tinley Park; several square miles of Cook County Forest Preserves can be found on three sides of Oak Forest, and Oak Forest's Chicago Gaelic Park is home to Irish Fest, held annually on Memorial Day weekend. Business and industrial presences in the district include Panduit Corporation , an electrical manufacturer in Tinley Park; Parco Foods , a cookie manufacturer in Blue Island; and Midwest Suburban Publishing, publisher of the SouthtownStar, in Tinley Park.

In addition to Washington Park and those sites associated with the University of Chicago and IIT, district locations on the National Register of Historic Places include:

Politics

Democrats routinely dominate politics in the district, with the main focus of competition being the party primary. Only twice since 1966 has a Republican candidate for Congress received over 20% of the vote,[29] and the Democratic nominee has topped 80% in every presidential race during that time. The district's expansion into the suburbs in the 1990s has incorporated a population that has voted Republican more often; Republican support has passed the 10% mark, and George W. Bush received 17% of the vote here in 2004. His was the best showing by a Republican presidential candidate in the district in over 40 years.

The district has since the early 1970s elected representatives who dissented from the city's Democratic establishment. William L. Dawson, U.S. Representative from 1943 to 1970, maintained the district's loyalty to Mayor Richard J. Daley. His successor Ralph Metcalfe initially continued that stance but publicly broke with Daley over an incident of police brutality in 1972, establishing a rift that persists. When Metcalfe died less than one month before the election in 1978, Democratic party officials named loyalist Bennett M. Stewart to take his place on the ballot, and Republicans replaced their candidate with A.A. "Sammy" Rayner, a former Democratic alderman. Despite the campaign support of Jackson for Rayner, Stewart won the election, although Rayner did get over 40% of the vote.[30][31]

Stewart served only one term and lost the 1980 Democratic primary to reform candidate Harold Washington. He left Congress in 1983 upon being elected mayor, after winning a contentious three-way primary with 37% of the vote. His successor in Congress was union organizer Charles Hayes. Hayes lost the 1992 primary to Bobby Rush by a 42–39% margin following the House banking scandal, in which it was revealed that Hayes had 716 overdrafts on his congressional checking account.[32] Rush had previously lost the 1988 and 1990 primaries to Hayes.

Rep. Bobby Rush

Rush was a co-founder of the Illinois Black Panthers in 1968, establishing a program for free breakfasts for poor children and a clinic for sickle cell anemia screenings.[33] He became a Chicago alderman from 1983 until his election to Congress, and was an ally of Mayor Washington in the Council Wars of the 1980s. He has maintained a solidly liberal voting record in Congress, consistently voting with the Democratic position over 90% of the time. When he has broken from the party, it has usually been to take even more liberal positions, rather than that held by Republicans.[34] Rush opposed incumbent Richard M. Daley in the 1999 election for Mayor of Chicago, but despite the support of fellow congressmen Jesse Jackson Jr. and Danny Davis, he was backed by only three out of 50 aldermen and lost the election by a margin of 72–28%. He had a 55–45% advantage among black voters. In the 2000 congressional primary Rush emerged with a 61–30% win over challenger Barack Obama.[35] Redistricting following the 2000 U.S. census moved Obama's home into the second district, although he has since moved back into the first district.

In Congress, Rush has focused on urban revitalization issues, and he was a staunch supporter of gun control efforts before his adult son Huey (named for Black Panther leader Huey Newton) was killed in a 1999 mugging, and has remained a supporter of gun control since.[33] Rush has generally received perfect ratings of 100 from labor groups including the AFL-CIO and AFSCME, and occasionally also from Americans for Democratic Action, the ACLU and the National Abortion Rights Action League. He received corresponding 0 ratings from the American Conservative Union in six of his first 12 years in office.[28][36][37]

Prominent representatives

Representative Notes

John Reynolds		 Associate Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court (1818–1824)
Elected the 4th governor of Illinois (1830–1834)

William Henry Bissell		 Elected the 11th governor of Illinois (1857–1860)

John Wentworth		 Elected the 21st mayor of Chicago (1860–1861)

Elihu B. Washburne		 Served as Dean of the U.S. House of Representatives (1863–1869)
Appointed the 25th U.S. Secretary of State (1869)
Appointed the U.S. minister to France (1869–1877)

John Blake Rice		 Elected the 24th mayor of Chicago (1865–1869)

Norman B. Judd		 Appointed the U.S. envoy to Prussia (1867–1871)

Charles B. Farwell		 Elected U.S. Senator from Illinois (1887–1891)

James Robert Mann		 Served as U.S. House Minority Leader (1911–1919)

William L. Dawson		 Served as a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army during World War I (1917–1919)
First African-American to chair a congressional committee.

Ralph Metcalfe		 Olympian (1932, 1936)
Served as a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army during World War II (1942–1945)

Harold Washington		 Elected the 51st mayor of Chicago (1983–1987)
First African-American mayor of Chicago

List of members representing the district

Member Party Years Cong
ress		 Electoral history District location
District created March 4, 1833
Charles Slade
(Carlyle)		 Jacksonian March 4, 1833 –
July 26, 1834		 23rd Elected in 1832.
Died.		 1833–1843
Included the sixteen counties in the state's southwestern section: Alexander, Bond, Clinton, Franklin, Gallatin, Jackson, Johnson, Macoupin, Madison, Monroe, Perry, Pope, Randolph, St. Clair, Union and Washington counties (five additional counties were later created within this area).[4]
Vacant July 26, 1834 –
December 1, 1834		 23rd

John Reynolds
(Belleville)		 Jacksonian December 1, 1834 –
March 3, 1837		 23rd
24th		 Elected to finish Slade's term
Re-elected in 1834.
Lost re-election.

Adam W. Snyder
(Belleville)		 Democratic March 4, 1837 –
March 3, 1839		 25th Elected in 1836.
Retired.

John Reynolds
(Belleville)		 Democratic March 4, 1839 –
March 3, 1843		 26th
27th		 Elected in 1838.
Re-elected in 1840.
[data missing]

Robert Smith
(Alton)		 Democratic March 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1847		 28th
29th		 Elected in 1842.
Re-elected in 1844.
Re-elected in 1846.
[data missing]		 1843–1853
Reduced in size, and now included eleven counties: Alexander, Bond, Clinton, Jackson, Madison, Monroe, Perry, Randolph, St. Clair, Union and Washington counties.[5]
Independent Democratic March 4, 1847 –
March 3, 1849		 30th

William H. Bissell
(Belleville)		 Democratic March 4, 1849 –
March 3, 1853		 31st
32nd		 Elected in 1848.
Re-elected in 1850.
[data missing]

Elihu B. Washburne
(Galena)		 Whig March 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855		 33rd Elected in 1852.
Re-elected in 1854.
Re-elected in 1856.
Re-elected in 1858.
Re-elected in 1860.
[data missing]		 1853–1863
Shifted north to cover the eight counties along the state's northern edge: Boone, Carroll, Jo Daviess, Lake, McHenry, Ogle, Stephenson and Winnebago counties.[6] Ulysses S. Grant was a district resident in 1860–61 during the period when he was out of the Army, working in his family's store in Galena, and he became acquainted with Congressman Elihu B. Washburne; Washburne became his political mentor and sponsor, and eventually became Grant's first Secretary of State.
Republican March 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1863		 34th
35th
36th
37th

Isaac N. Arnold
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1863 –
March 3, 1865		 38th Elected in 1862.
[data missing]		 1863–1873
During this decade, beginning during the Civil War, consisted of all of Cook County.[38] Industrialist Cyrus McCormick lost the 1864 House election as the Democratic candidate.[39] Later during this period, the district was devastated by the Great Chicago Fire in October 1871.

John Wentworth
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1865 –
March 3, 1867		 39th Elected in 1864.
[data missing]

Norman B. Judd
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1867 –
March 3, 1871		 40th
41st		 Elected in 1866.
Re-elected in 1868.
Retired.

Charles B. Farwell
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1871 –
March 3, 1873		 42nd Elected in 1870.
[data missing]

John B. Rice
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1873 –
December 17, 1874		 43rd Elected in 1872.
Retired and then died.		 1873–1883
Restructured and now included DuPage County, the thirteen townships comprising the southern half of Cook County (Bloom, Bremen, Calumet, Hyde Park, Lake, Lemont, Lyons, Orland, Palos, Rich, Riverside, Thornton, Worth), and the entire South Side and part of the West side of Chicago. The Chicago portion of the district began downtown and extended south to 39th Street (now Pershing Road) east of the Chicago River and south of the river and the Illinois and Michigan Canal, with its western boundary being Western Avenue; on the west side, the district included the area between 16th Street on the north and the river and canal on the south, with the city's western boundary then being Crawford Avenue (now Pulaski Road).[40]
Vacant December 17, 1874 –
February 1, 1875

Bernard G. Caulfield
(Chicago)		 Democratic February 1, 1875 –
March 3, 1877		 43rd
44th		 Elected to finish Rice's term.
Re-elected in 1874.
Retired.

William Aldrich
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1877 –
March 3, 1883		 45th
46th
47th		 Elected in 1876.
Re-elected in 1878.
Re-elected in 1880.
Lost renomination.

Ransom W. Dunham
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1883 –
March 3, 1889		 48th
49th
50th		 Elected in 1882.
Re-elected in 1884.
Re-elected in 1886.
Retired.		 1883–1895
Remained identical to its previous configuration, except that it no longer included DuPage County or the portion of Chicago west of Clark Street between 16th and 39th Streets.[41] Illinois gained two additional representatives following the 1890 census, but they were elected on an at-large basis for the 1893–1895 term before redistricting occurred, and the previous decade's districting remained in effect.[42]

Abner Taylor
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1889 –
March 3, 1893		 51st
52nd		 Elected in 1888.
Re-elected in 1890.
Retired.

J. Frank Aldric
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1893 –
March 3, 1897		 53rd
54th		 Elected in 1892.
Re-elected in 1894.
Retired.
1895–1903
Included the seven townships in southeastern Cook County (Bloom, Bremen, Calumet, Orland, Rich, Thornton, Worth), and the portion of Chicago's South Side bordered on the north by 26th Street, and on the west by Wentworth Avenue from 26th to 39th Streets and by State Street from 39th to 63rd Streets before following 63rd Street west to the city's border with Lyons Township (then at Cicero Avenue).[43]

James Robert Mann
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1897 –
March 3, 1903		 55th
56th
57th		 Elected in 1896.
Re-elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
Redistricted to the 2nd district.

Martin Emerich
(Chicago)		 Democratic March 4, 1903 –
March 3, 1905		 58th Elected in 1902.
Retired.		 1903–1949
Confined to the city of Chicago for the first time, and included downtown and the area east of Wentworth to 43rd Street, also reaching west to include Armour Square as well as most of Bridgeport northeast of 33rd and Halsted Streets.[44] Illinois's districts were not redrawn until 1947, taking effect for the 1948 elections.[45] In 1928, Oscar De Priest became the first African American elected to Congress in the 20th century.

Martin B. Madden
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1905 –
April 27, 1928		 59th
60th
61st
62nd
63rd
64th
65th
66th
67th
68th
69th
70th		 Elected in 1902.
Re-elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
Re-elected in 1910.
Re-elected in 1912.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Re-elected in 1918.
Re-elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Died.
Vacant April 27, 1928 –
March 3, 1929		 70th

Oscar S. De Priest
(Chicago)		 Republican March 4, 1929 –
January 3, 1935		 71st
72nd
73rd		 Elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Re-elected in 1932.
Lost re-election.

Arthur W. Mitchell
(Chicago)		 Democratic January 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1943		 74th
75th
76th
77th		 Elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Retired.

William L. Dawson
(Chicago)		 Democratic January 3, 1943 –
November 9, 1970		 78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
88th
89th
90th
91st		 Elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Died.
1949–1963
Included that part of Chicago bounded on the north by the river; on the east by the lake to Pershing Road and by Cottage Grove Avenue from Pershing to 71st Street and South Chicago Avenue; on the south by Marquette Road from State Street to South Chicago Avenue, following that southeast to 71st and Cottage Grove; and on the west by Wallace Street (from the river to 25th Street), Canal Street (25th to 31st Street), Wentworth (31st to 43rd Street), the railroad between State and Wentworth (43rd to 59th Street) and State Street (59th to Marquette).[46] The same boundaries were maintained in the redistricting after 1950.[47]
1963–1967
Included that part of Chicago between 31st and 99th Streets bounded on the west by Wentworth (31st to Garfield Boulevard), the railroad 1/4-mile east of Halsted (Garfield to 59th), Halsted (59th to 63rd), State Street (63rd to 83rd) and Stewart Avenue (83rd to 99th), and bounded on the east by the lake (31st to 46th), Cottage Grove (46th to 65th) and Stony Island Avenue (65th to 99th).[48]
1967–1973
Additional redistricting for the 1967–1969 term. All of the district's previous territory was retained, but it was extended further north as far as Cermak Road, with its western boundary being the railroad between State and Wentworth (Cermak to 28th Street) and then Wentworth (28th to Garfield). In addition, a small area east of Woodlawn Avenue between 46th and 47th Streets was added.[49]
Vacant November 9, 1970 –
January 3, 1971		 91st

Ralph Metcalfe
(Chicago)		 Democratic January 3, 1971 –
October 10, 1978		 92nd
93rd
94th
95th		 Elected to finish Dawson's term.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Died.
1973–1983
Included that part of Chicago between 31st and 103rd Streets bounded on the west by King Drive (31st to 35th), State (35th to Pershing), the railroad 1/4-mile west of State (Pershing to Garfield), King Drive (Garfield to Marquette), Yale Avenue (Marquette to 69th), Harvard Avenue (69th to 70th), Stewart (70th to 71st), Halsted (71st to 95th), the railroad 1/2-mile east of Halsted (95th to 99th) and State (99th to 103rd), and on the east by the lake (31st to 71st Street/South Shore Drive), Yates Boulevard (71st to 73rd), Jeffery Boulevard (73rd to 75th) and Stony Island, continuing onto the Calumet Expressway (75th to 103rd, with minor variation at 95th).[50]
Vacant October 10, 1978 –
January 3, 1979		 95th

Bennett M. Stewart
(Chicago)		 Democratic January 3, 1979 –
January 3, 1981		 96th Elected in 1978.
Lost renomination.

Harold Washington
(Chicago)		 Democratic January 3, 1981 –
April 30, 1983		 97th
98th		 Elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Resigned to become Mayor of Chicago.
1983–1993
The only remaining district entirely within the city of Chicago, and included that area between Cermak Road and 103rd Street bounded on the west by Federal Street (Cermak to 25th), the railroad 1/4-mile west of State (25th to 35th), the railroad 1/2-mile east of Halsted (35th to 42nd and 43rd to 47th), Stewart (42nd to 43rd), Morgan Street (47th to 48th), Racine Avenue (48th to Garfield), Peoria Street (Garfield to 56th), Green Street (56th to 57th) and Halsted (57th to 103rd), and on the east by the lake (Cermak to 73rd) and Yates (73rd to 103rd).[51]
Vacant April 30, 1983 –
August 23, 1983		 98th

Charles A. Hayes
(Chicago)		 Democratic August 23, 1983 –
January 3, 1993		 98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd		 Elected to finish Washington's term
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Lost renomination.

Bobby Rush
(Chicago)		 Democratic January 3, 1993 –
January 3, 2023		 103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th
112th
113th
114th
115th
116th
117th		 Elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Retired.		 1993–2003
Expanded into the suburbs for the first time in 90 years, increasing its total area from 32 to 56 square miles (150 km2). It now included: the Chicago communities of Douglas, Oakland, Kenwood, Hyde Park, Woodlawn, Greater Grand Crossing, Avalon Park, Burnside, Chatham and Mount Greenwood; those portions of Auburn Gresham and Washington Heights east of Halsted, those portions of Roseland and Pullman north of 103rd Street, and those portions of Calumet Heights and South Chicago west of Yates Boulevard; the portion of South Deering northwest of 103rd and Yates; South Shore, excepting the area southeast of 71st and Yates; Washington Park, excepting the area northwest of 57th and King Drive; the part of Grand Boulevard north of 43rd Street, as well as most of the area east of Vincennes Avenue; the portion of Armour Square southeast of 35th Street and Princeton Avenue; most of Englewood north of 63rd or east of Halsted; the portion of West Englewood north of 63rd; most of New City southwest of 49th and May Streets; most of Brighton Park southeast of 40th and Kedzie Avenue; portions of Gage Park east of Kedzie, most of Chicago Lawn east of Kedzie, and the portion of Ashburn east of Kedzie; Beverly, excepting the area southeast of 103rd and Prospect Avenue; and most of Morgan Park west of Vincennes. In the suburbs, the district included the villages of Evergreen Park and Merrionette Park, the portion of Alsip east of Cicero Avenue, the portion of Blue Island in Worth Township north of the Calumet Sag Channel, and, with minor variations, the portion of Oak Lawn southeast of 101st and Cicero.[52]
2003–2013
2013–2023

Jonathan Jackson
(Chicago)		 Democratic January 3, 2023 –
present		 118th Elected in 2022. 2023–present

Election results

1832–1840

1832 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[53]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Charles Slade 2,470 31.28
Democratic-Republican Ninian Edwards 2,078 26.31
Democratic Sidney Breese 1,770 22.41
Total votes 7,897 100.0
1834 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[54]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic John Reynolds 4,136 41.98
Democratic Adam W. Snyder 3,723 37.79
Unknown Edward Humphreys 1,990 20.20
Write-in 3 0.03
Total votes 9,852 100.0
1834 Illinois's 1st congressional district special election[55]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic John Reynolds 1,721 47.99
Democratic-Republican Pierre Menard 871 24.29
Unknown William Orr 501 13.97
Unknown Henry L. Webb 490 13.66
Write-in 3 0.08
Total votes 3,586 100.0
1836 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[56]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Adam W. Snyder 4,552 40.06
Democratic John Reynolds (incumbent) 4,441 39.08
Whig William J. Gatewood 2,370 20.86
Total votes 11,363 100.0
1838 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[57]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic John Reynolds 8,032 61.16 +22.08%
Whig John Hogan 5100 38.84 +17.98%
Total votes 13,132 100.0

1841–1850

1841 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[58]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic John Reynolds (incumbent) 8,046 59.44 -1.72%
Whig Henry L. Webb 5,313 39.25 +0.41%
John Tyler Supporter Stephen R. Rowan 171 1.26 N/A
Write-in 14 0.10 N/A
Total votes 13,537 100.0
1843 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[59]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Robert Smith 7,347 56.11 -3.33%
Whig James L. D. Morrison 5,568 42.53 +3.28%
Liberty Robert W. Marshall 176 1.34 N/A
Write-in 2 0.02 -0.08%
Total votes 13,093 100.0
1844 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[60]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Robert Smith (incumbent) 7,966 64.65 +8.54%
Democratic John Reynolds 4,146 33.65 N/A
Liberty Robert W. Marshall 191 1.55 +0.21%
Write-in 36 0.29 +0.27%
Total votes 12,321 100.0
1846 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[61]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Democrat Robert Smith (incumbent) 7,068 58.13 -6.52%
Democratic Lyman Trumbull 5,019 41.28 N/A
Liberty B. Marshall 62 0.51 -1.04%
Write-in 10 0.08 -0.21%
Total votes 12,159 100.0
1848 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[62]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William H. Bissell 9,892 97.74 +56.46%
Liberty Charles W. Hunter 229 2.26 +1.75%
Total votes 10,121 100.0
1850 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[63]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William H. Bissell (incumbent) 12,841 99.99 +2.25%
Write-in 1 0.01 N/A
Total votes 100.0

1852–1860

1852 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[64]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Elihu B. Washburne 7,392 43.93 N/A
Democratic Thompson Campbell 7,106 42.23 -57.76%
Free Soil Newman Campbell 2,245 13.34 N/A
Write-in 85 0.51 +0.50%
Total votes 16,828 100.0
1854 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[65]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Elihu B. Washburne (incumbent) 8,372 69.33 +25.40%
Democratic William M. Jackson 2,776 22.99 -19.24%
Anti-Nebraska E. P. Ferry 927 7.68 N/A
Total votes 12,075 100.0
1856 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[66]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Elihu B. Washburne (incumbent) 18,070 72.61 +3.28%
Democratic Richard S. Molony 6,227 25.02 +2.03%
Unknown Elisha B. Washburne 331 1.33 N/A
Know Nothing B. D. Eastman 257 1.03 N/A
Total votes 24,885 100.0
1858 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[67]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Elihu B. Washburne (incumbent) 15,811 69.84 -2.77%
Democratic Hiram Bright 6,457 28.52 +3.50%
Democratic Party (Anti-Lecompton) Richard H. Jackson 370 1.63 N/A
Total votes 22,638 100.0
1860 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[68]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Elihu B. Washburne (incumbent) 21,436 70.56 +0.72%
Democratic Theodore A. C. Beard 8,929 29.39 +0.87%
Write-in 14 0.05 N/A
Total votes 30,379 100.0

1862–1870

1862 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[69]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Isaac N. Arnold 10,025 54.45 -16.11%
Democratic Francis Cornwall Sherman 8,387 45.55 +16.16%
Total votes 18,412 100.0
1864 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[70]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Union John Wentworth 18,557 56.52 +2.07%
Democratic Cyrus McCormick 14,277 43.48 -2.07%
Total votes 32,834 100.0
1866 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[71]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Norman B. Judd 15,247 72.90 +16.38%
Democratic Martin R. M. Wallace 5,667 27.10 -16.38%
Total votes 41,828 100.0
1868 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[72]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Norman B. Judd (incumbent) 27,414 58.77 -14.13%
Democratic Martin R. M. Wallace 19,233 41.23 +14.13%
Total votes 46,647 100.0
1870 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[73]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Charles B. Farwell 40,684 57.52 -1.25%
Democratic John Wentworth 15,025 42.48 +1.25%
Total votes 70,734 100.0

1872–1880

1872 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Blake Rice 12,870 64.01 +6.49%
Liberal Republican Lucien B. Otis 7,235 35.99 N/A
Total votes 20,105 100.0
1874 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[75]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Bernard G. Caulfield 10,211 51.02 N/A
Republican Sidney Smith 9,803 48.98 -15.03%
Total votes 20,014 100.0
1875 Illinois's 1st congressional district special election[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Bernard G. Caulfield 3,461 81.96 +30.94%
Unknown H. Eddy 454 10.75 N/A
Unknown Henry Vallettee 308 7.29 N/A
Total votes 4,223 100.0
1876 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican William Aldrich 16,587 53.21 N/A
Democratic John Randolph Hoxie 14,101 45.23 -36.73%
Greenback George S. Bowen 486 1.56 N/A
Total votes 31,174 100.0
1878 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[78]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican William Aldrich (incumbent) 12,165 51.84 -1.37%
Democratic James Rood Doolittle 7,136 30.41 -14.82%
Socialist Labor John McAuliff 2,322 9.90 N/A
Greenback William V. Barr 1,844 7.86 +6.30%
Total votes 23,467 100.0
1880 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[79]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican William Aldrich (incumbent) 22,307 53.79 +1.95%
Democratic John Mattocks 18,024 43.47 +13.06%
Socialist Labor J. J. Altpeter 605 1.46 -8.44%
Greenback Richard Powers 532 1.28 -6.58%
Total votes 41,468 100.0

1882–1890

1882 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[80]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Ransom W. Dunham 11,571 50.86 -2.93%
Democratic John W. Downes 10,534 46.31 +2.84%
Greenback Alonzo J. Glover 644 2.83 +1.55%
Total votes 22,749 100.0
1884 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[81][82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Ransom W. Dunham (incumbent) 20,245 56.73 +5.87%
Democratic William M. Tilden 14,655 41.06 -5.25%
Greenback Jno. B. Clark 501 1.40 -1.43%
Unknown William B. Clark 288 0.81 N/A
Total votes 35,689 100.0
1886 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[83][82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Ransom W. Dunham (incumbent) 12,321 46.89 -9.84%
Democratic Edgar Terhune 7,258 27.62 -13.44%
Labor Harvey Sheldon, Jr. 6,358 24.20 N/A
Prohibition George C. Christian 337 1.28 N/A
Total votes 26,274 100.0
1888 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[84]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Abner Taylor 26,553 52.86 +5.97%
Democratic James F. Todd 22,697 45.19 +17.57%
Prohibition Harry S. Taylor 981 1.95 +0.67%
Total votes 50,231 100.0
1890 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[85]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Abner Taylor (incumbent) 22,235 49.95 -2.91%
Democratic William G. Ewing 21,796 48.96 +3.77%
Prohibition Isaac H. Pedrick 483 1.09 -0.86%
Total votes 44,514 100.0

1892–1900

1892 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[86]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican J. Frank Aldrich 39,726 49.68 -0.27%
Democratic Edwin B. Smith 37,904 47.40 -1.56%
Prohibition Winfield S. McComas 1,738 2.17 +1.08%
Populist Alfred Clark 566 0.71 N/A
Labor P. J. Weldon 32 0.04 N/A
Total votes 79,966 100.0
1894 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[87]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican J. Frank Aldrich (incumbent) 33,902 63.15 +13.47%
Democratic Max Dembufsky 12,854 23.94 -23.46%
Populist Howard S. Taylor 5,996 11.17 +10.46%
Prohibition William H. Craig 667 1.24 -0.93%
Independent American Citizen Winfield S. McComas 269 0.50 N/A
Total votes 53,688 100.0
1896 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[88][82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican James Robert Mann 51,582 67.64 +4.49%
Democratic James H. Teller 23,123 30.32 +6.38%
Populist Benjamin J. Werthermer 957 1.25 -9.92%
Unknown Thomas R. Strobridge 595 0.78 N/A
Total votes 76,257 100.0
1898 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[89][82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican James Robert Mann (incumbent) 37,500 63.23 -4.41%
Democratic Rollin B. Organ 20,424 34.43 +4.11%
Socialist Labor Bernard Berlyn 568 0.96 N/A
Prohibition Theodore L. Neff 414 0.70 N/A
Populist James Hogan 404 0.68 -0.57%
Total votes 59,310 100.0
1900 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[90]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican James Robert Mann (incumbent) 52,775 63.02 -0.21%
Democratic Leon Hornstein 28,858 34.46 +0.03%
Social Democratic William H. Collins 1,208 1.44 N/A
Prohibition William P. Ferguson 899 1.07 +0.37%
Total votes 83,740 100.0

1902–1910

1902 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Martin Emerich 16,591 51.29 +16.83%
Republican Martin B. Madden 15,339 47.42 -15.60%
Prohibition Howard T. Wilcoxon 415 1.28 +0.21%
Total votes 32,345 100.0
1904 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[91]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden 24,097 58.00 +10.58%
Democratic John S. Oehman 9,166 22.06 -29.23%
Independent Republican David S. Geer 5,175 12.46 N/A
Socialist Edward Loewenthal 2,334 5.62 N/A
Prohibition William H. Craig 416 1.00 -0.28%
Populist Charles Roberts 234 0.56 N/A
Continental Party J. P. Lynch 127 0.31 N/A
Total votes 41,549 100.0
1906 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 17,015 59.32 +1.32%
Democratic Martin Emerich 10,015 34.92 +12.86%
Socialist J. H. Greer 1,402 4.89 -0.73%
Prohibition Amasa Orelup 251 0.88 -0.12%
Total votes 28,683 100.0
1908 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[92]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 23,370 60.92 +1.60%
Democratic Matthew L. Mandable 13,692 35.69 +0.77%
Socialist Joseph N. Greer 825 2.15 -2.74%
Independent Henry W. Young 469 1.22 N/A
Independent Charles McCormick 7 0.02 N/A
Total votes 38,363 100.0
1910 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 14,920 49.99 -10.93%
Democratic Michael E. Maher 13,466 45.12 +9.43%
Socialist Joseph H. Greer 1,165 3.90 +1.75%
Prohibition H. E. Eckles 293 0.98 N/A
Total votes 29,844 100.0

1912–1920

1912 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 13,608 52.16 +2.17%
Democratic Andrew Donovan 9,967 38.20 -6.92%
Socialist William F. Barnard 2,217 8.50 +4.60%
Prohibition W. H. Rogers 299 1.15 +0.17%
Total votes 26,091 100.0
1914 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 13,063 53.22 +1.06%
Democratic James M. Quinlan 9,060 36.91 -1.29%
Progressive Henry M. Ashton 1,758 7.16 N/A
Socialist Charles Leffler 662 2.70 -5.80%
Total votes 24,543 100.0
1916 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 20,380 59.06 +5.84%
Democratic William J. Hennessey 13,380 38.77 +1.86%
Socialist Robert H. Howe 749 2.17 -0.53%
Total votes 34,509 100.0
1918 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 12,580 55.33 -3.73%
Democratic George Mayer 9,776 43.00 +4.23%
Socialist G. J. Carlisle 381 1.68 -0.49%
Total votes 22,737 100.0
1920 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 41,907 75.91 +20.58%
Democratic James A. Gorman 12,398 22.46 -20.54%
Socialist Willis E. Davis 899 1.63 -0.05%
Total votes 55,204 100.0

1922–1930

1922 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 23,895 59.09 -16.82%
Democratic George Mayer 15,999 39.56 +17.10%
Socialist Charles Hallbeck 427 1.06 -0.57%
Farmer–Labor John H. Kennedy 120 0.30 N/A
Total votes 40,441 100.0
1924 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 43,661 73.05 +13.96%
Democratic James F. Doyle 13,623 22.79 -16.77%
Independent Samuel A. T. Watkins 2,232 3.73 N/A
Socialist Elmer Whitmore 220 0.37 -0.69%
Independent Gordon Owens 32 0.05 N/A
Total votes 59,768 100.0
1926 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Martin B. Madden (incumbent) 26,559 68.20 -4.85%
Democratic James F. Doyle 12,283 31.54 +8.75%
Progressive G. Victor Cools 101 0.26 N/A
Total votes 38,943 100.0
1928 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Oscar DePriest 24,479 47.79 -20.41%
Democratic Harry Baker 20,664 40.34 +8.80%
Independent William Harrison 5,861 11.44 N/A
Independent Benjamin W. Clayton 123 0.24 N/A
Independent Edward L. Doty 100 0.20 N/A
Total votes 51,227 100.0
1930 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Oscar DePriest (incumbent) 23,719 58.36 +10.57%
Democratic Harry Baker 16,747 41.21 +0.87%
Independent George W. Harts 68 0.17 N/A
Independent T. W. Chavers 64 0.16 N/A
Independent Edward Turner 44 0.11 N/A
Total votes 40,642 100.0

1932–1940

1932 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Oscar DePriest (incumbent) 33,672 54.77 -3.59%
Democratic Harry Baker 26,959 43.85 +2.64%
Independent Herbert Newton 843 1.37 N/A
Total votes 61,474 100.0
1934 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Arthur W. Mitchell 27,963 52.97 +9.12%
Republican Oscar DePriest (incumbent) 24,829 47.03 -7.74%
Total votes 52,792 100.0
1936 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Arthur W. Mitchell (incumbent) 35,376 55.10 +2.13%
Republican Oscar DePriest 28,640 44.61 -2.42%
Independent Harry Haywood 192 0.30 N/A
Total votes 64,208 100.0
1938 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Arthur W. Mitchell (incumbent) 30,207 53.37 -1.73%
Republican William L. Dawson 26,396 46.63 +2.02%
Total votes 56,603 100.0
1940 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Arthur W. Mitchell (incumbent) 34,641 53.02 -0.35%
Republican William E. King 30,698 46.98 +0.35%
Total votes 65,339 100.0

1942–1950

1942 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson 26,280 52.75 -0.27%
Republican William E. King 23,537 47.25 +0.27%
Total votes 49,817 100.0
1944 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 42,713 61.98 +9.23%
Republican William E. King 26,204 38.02 -9.23%
Total votes 68,917 100.0
1946 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 38,040 56.79 -5.19%
Republican William E. King 28,945 43.21 +5.19%
Total votes 66,985 100.0
1948 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 98,690 66.96 +10.17%
Republican William E. King 43,034 29.20 -14.01%
Progressive Earl B. Dickerson 5,669 3.85 N/A
Total votes 147,393 100.0
1950 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 69,506 61.74 -5.22%
Republican Archibald James Carey, Jr. 41,944 37.26 +8.06%
Progressive Samuel J. Parks 1,135 1.01 -2.84%
Total votes 112,585 100.0

1952–1960

1952 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 95,899 73.50 +11.76%
Republican Edgar G. Brown 34,571 26.50 -10.76%
Total votes 130,470 100.0
1954 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 71,472 75.28 +1.78%
Republican Genoa S. Washington 23,470 24.72 -1.78%
Total votes 94,942 100.0
1956 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 66,704 64.42 -10.86%
Republican George W. Lawrence 36,847 35.58 +10.86%
Total votes 103,551 100.0
1958 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 60,778 72.22 +7.80%
Republican Dr. Theodore R. M. Howard 23,384 27.78 -7.80%
Total votes 84,162 100.0
1960 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 75,938 77.81 +5.59%
Republican Genoa S. Washington 21,660 22.19 -5.59%
Total votes 97,598 100.0

1962–1970

1962 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 98,305 74.09 -3.72%
Republican Benjamin C. Duster 34,379 25.91 +3.72%
Total votes 132,684 100.0
1964 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 150,953 84.91 +10.82%
Republican Wilbur N. Daniel 26,823 15.09 -10.82%
Total votes 177,776 100.0
1966 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 91,119 72.58 -12.33%
Republican David R. Reed 34,421 27.42 +12.33%
Total votes 125,540 100.0
1968 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic William L. Dawson (incumbent) 119,207 84.56 +11.98%
Republican Janet Roberts Jennings 21,758 15.44 -11.98%
Total votes 140,965 100.0
1970 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Ralph H. Metcalfe 93,272 90.96 +6.40%
Republican Janet Roberts Jennings 9,267 9.04 -6.40%
Total votes 102,539 100.0

1972–1980

1972 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Ralph H. Metcalfe (incumbent) 136,755 91.39 +0.43%
Republican Louis H. Coggs 12,877 8.61 -0.43%
Write-in 2 0.00 N/A
Total votes 149,634 100.0
1974 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Ralph H. Metcalfe (incumbent) 75,206 93.74 +2.35%
Republican Oscar H. Haynes 4,399 5.48 -3.13%
Socialist Workers Willie Mae Reid 620 0.77 N/A
Total votes 80,225 100.0

2002

Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2002)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush* 149,068 81.17
Republican Raymond G. Wardingley 29,776 16.21
Libertarian Dorothy Tsatsos 4,812 2.62
Total votes 183,656 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2004

Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2004)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush* 211,115 84.82
Republican Raymond G. Wardingley 37,793 15.18
Total votes 248,908 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2006

Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2006)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush* 146,623 84.06
Republican Jason E. Tabour 27,804 15.94
Total votes 174,427 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2008

Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2008)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush* 233,036 85.87
Republican Antoine Members 38,361 14.13
Total votes 271,397 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2010

Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2010)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush* 148,170 80.36
Republican Raymond G. Wardingley 29,253 15.87
Green Jeff Adams 6,963 3.78
Total votes 184,386 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold

2012

Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2012 [93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush (incumbent) 236,854 73.8
Republican Donald Peloquin 83,989 26.2
Independent John Hawkins (write-in) 1 0.0
Total votes 320,844 100.0
Democratic hold

2014

Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2014[94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush (incumbent) 162,268 73.1
Republican Jimmy Lee Tillman 59,749 26.9
Total votes 222,017 100.0
Democratic hold

2016

Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2016 [95]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush (incumbent) 234,037 74.1
Republican August Deuser 81,817 25.9
Independent Tabitha Carson (write-in) 8 0.0
Total votes 315,862 100.0
Democratic hold

2018

Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2018[96]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Rush (incumbent) 189,560 73.5
Republican Jimmy Lee Tillman, II 50,960 19.8
Independent Thomas Rudbeck 17,365 6.7
Total votes 257,885 100.0
Democratic hold

2020

Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2020[97][98]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Bobby Rush (incumbent) 239,943 73.80 +0.29%
Republican Philanise White 85,027 26.15 +6.39%
Write-in 153 0.05 N/A
Total votes 325,123 100.0
Democratic hold

2022

Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2022
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jonathan Jackson 159,142 67.03
Republican Eric Carlson 78,258 32.96
Write-in 25 0.01
Total votes 237,425 100.0
Democratic hold

See also

References

  1. ↑ "My Congressional District: Congressional District 1 (118th Congress), Illinois". United States Census Bureau.
  2. ↑ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  3. ↑ "Jonathan Jackson keeps 1st congressional seat in Democratic hands following US Rep. Bobby Rush's retirement". Chicago Tribune. November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 21, 2022.
  4. 1 2 Parsons, Stanley B.; William W. Beach; Dan Hermann (1978). United States Congressional Districts 1788–1841. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 302–304. ISBN 0-8371-9828-3.
  5. 1 2 Parsons, Stanley B.; William W. Beach; Michael J. Dubin (1986). United States Congressional Districts and Data, 1843–1883. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 7–8. ISBN 0-313-22045-X.
  6. 1 2 Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 53–54.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Barone, Michael; McCutcheon, Chuck (2013). The Almanac of American Politics 2014. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 552. ISBN 978-0-226-10544-4. Copyright National Journal.
  8. 1 2 Gottron, Martha V., ed. (1983). Congressional Districts in the 1980s. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. p. 156. ISBN 0-87187-264-1.
  9. ↑ Congressional District Data Book: Districts of the 87th Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1961. p. 16.
  10. ↑ Congressional Districts in the 1990s: A Portrait of America. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. 1993. p. 235. ISBN 0-87187-722-8.
  11. ↑ Tarr, David R., ed. (2003). Congressional Districts in the 2000s: A Portrait of America. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. p. 296. ISBN 1-56802-849-0.
  12. ↑ See U.S. Census Bureau map showing distribution of district's white population.
  13. ↑ Congressional Districts in the 2000s: A Portrait of America, p. 298.
  14. ↑ Illinois Congressional District 1, Illinois Board of Elections
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 Vote totals from 1852 to 1868 are based on cumulative county totals as listed in Illinois: Historical and Statistical (1892), John Moses, Chicago: Fergus Printing Co., pp. 1208–1209.
  16. 1 2 Congressional District Data Book: Districts of the 87th Congress, p. 17.
  17. ↑ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1960" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives. pp. 10–12.
  18. ↑ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1964" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives. pp. 12 & 13.
  19. ↑ Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa; Douglas Matthews (1972). The Almanac of American Politics. Boston: Gambit. p. 196. ISBN 0-87645-053-2.
  20. ↑ Barone, et al. (1973), p. 263.
  21. ↑ Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa; Douglas Matthews (1977). The Almanac of American Politics 1978. New York City: E. P. Dutton. p. 225. ISBN 0-87690-255-7.
  22. ↑ Barone, et al. (1981), p. 295.
  23. ↑ Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa (1985). The Almanac of American Politics 1986. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 393. ISBN 0-89234-032-0.
  24. ↑ Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa (1989). The Almanac of American Politics 1990. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 351. ISBN 0-89234-043-6.
  25. ↑ Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa (1993). The Almanac of American Politics 1994. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 390. ISBN 0-89234-057-6.
  26. ↑ Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa; Richard E. Cohen (1997). The Almanac of American Politics 1998. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 475. ISBN 0-89234-081-9.
  27. ↑ Barone, Michael; Richard E. Cohen; Charles E. Cook Jr (2001). The Almanac of American Politics 2002. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 507. ISBN 0-89234-099-1.
  28. 1 2 Barone, et al. (2005), p. 561.
  29. ↑ Based on general election results beginning in 1968, Guide to U.S. Elections (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2005. ISBN 1-56802-981-0.
  30. ↑ Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa; Douglas Matthews (1973). The Almanac of American Politics. Boston: Gambit. p. 262. ISBN 0-87645-077-X.
  31. ↑ Barone, Michael; Grant Ujifusa (1981). The Almanac of American Politics 1982. Washington, D.C.: Barone & Co. p. 294. ISBN 0-940702-00-2.
  32. ↑ Barone, Michael; Richard E. Cohen (2005). The Almanac of American Politics 2006. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 562. ISBN 0-89234-111-4.
  33. 1 2 Nutting, Brian; H. Amy Stern, eds. (2002). Congressional Quarterly's Politics in America 2002. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. p. 308. ISBN 1-56802-655-2.
  34. ↑ "Votes Against Party by Bobby Rush". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 29, 2007. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
  35. ↑ Barone, et al. (2005), p. 563.
  36. ↑ Sharp, J. Michael (2006). Directory of Congressional Voting Scores and Interest Group Ratings. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. pp. 1363–64. ISBN 1-56802-970-5.
  37. ↑ "Bobby Rush on the Issues". Retrieved June 30, 2007.
  38. ↑ Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 102–103.
  39. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections, p. 940.
  40. ↑ Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 159–160.
  41. ↑ Parsons, Stanley B.; Michael J. Dubin; Karen Toombs Parsons (1990). United States Congressional Districts, 1883–1913. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 23–27. ISBN 0-313-26482-1.
  42. ↑ Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 182–186.
  43. ↑ Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 187–191.
  44. ↑ Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 326–330.
  45. ↑ Barrett, Edward A. (ed.). Blue Book of the State of Illinois, 1947–1948. Springfield, IL: State of Illinois. p. 110.
  46. ↑ Barrett, pp. 113–114.
  47. ↑ Congressional District Atlas of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1960. pp. 18–20.
  48. ↑ Congressional District Data Book: Districts of the 88th Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1963. pp. 125–127.
  49. ↑ Congressional District Data Book, Illinois supplement. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1966. pp. 2–4.
  50. ↑ Congressional District Data Book: 93rd Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1973. pp. 145, 147–148.
  51. ↑ Congressional Districts in the 1980s, p. 163.
  52. ↑ Congressional District Atlas: 103rd Congress of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1993. pp. Illinois-1, 5, 25, 28–33. ISBN 0-16-041689-2.
  53. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. p. 74. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  54. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. p. 82. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  55. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. pp. 98–99. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  56. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. p. 101. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  57. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. p. 107. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  58. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. p. 120. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  59. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. p. 135. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  60. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. p. 142. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  61. ↑ Pease, Theodore Calvin (1923). "Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848". Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. p. 153. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004859552. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  62. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  63. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
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  66. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
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  69. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  70. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  71. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  72. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  73. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
  74. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
  75. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
  76. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
  77. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  78. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  79. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  80. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  81. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  82. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 "Downloadable Vote Totals". Illinois State Board of Elections. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  83. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  84. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  85. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  86. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  87. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  88. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  89. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  90. ↑ "IL District 1". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  91. ↑ "Illinois blue book, 1905–1906". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State's Office. 1905–1906. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  92. ↑ "Illinois blue book, 1909–1910". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State's Office. 1909–1910. p. 397. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  93. ↑ "2012 General Election Official Vote Totals" (PDF). Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 19, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  94. ↑ "Illinois General Election 2014". Illinois State Board of Elections. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  95. ↑ "Illinois General Election 2016". Illinois State Board of Elections. November 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  96. ↑ "2018 General Election Official Vote Totals Book".
  97. ↑ "Election Results 2020 GENERAL ELECTION". Illinois State Board of Elections. December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  98. ↑ "Illinois 2020 Election Results". Chicago Sun-Times. November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.

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