Indian Passport
The front cover of an Indian passport (2021).
TypePassport
Issued byMinistry of External Affairs
First issued1920 (first version)
2021 (latest version Biometric Machine Readable Passport)
PurposeIdentification
EligibilityIndian citizenship
Expiration10 years (Adult)
5 or 10 years (age 15 to 18)
5 years (Minor)
CostAdult (36 pages): ₹1,500[1]
Adult (60 pages): ₹2,000[1]
Minor (36 pages): ₹1,000[1]
Note: If the application for renewal of passport is made under the Tatkaal (expedited processing), the additional Tatkaal fee of ₹2,000 is to be paid in addition to the regular application fee.[1]

An Indian passport is a passport issued by the Ministry of External Affairs of the Republic of India to Indian citizens for the purpose of international travel. It enables the bearer to travel internationally and serves as proof of Indian citizenship as per the Passports Act (1967). The Passport Seva (Passport Service) unit of the Consular, Passport & Visa (CPV) Division of the Ministry of External Affairs functions as the issuing authority and is responsible for issuing Indian passports on application to all eligible Indian citizens. Indian passports are issued at 93 passport offices located across India and at 197 Indian diplomatic missions abroad.[2]

As of 12 December 2022, 7.2 percent (approximately 96 million) of Indian citizens possessed a valid passport, with Kerala having the highest number of passport holders of all Indian states. Previously, passports were not popular among the masses due to a time consuming and complicated process and limited access to the passport facilitation centres located only in major cities. With the expansion of centres and technological improvements, accompanied by increased outsourcing of professionals and an expanding middle-class, the percentage is expected to go up.[3][4]

History

British Indian passport

Indian Empire

British Indian passports were issued to British subjects of the Indian Empire, as well as to British subjects from other parts of the British Empire, and subjects of the British protected states in India (i.e. British protected persons of the 'princely states').[5] These passports were introduced in British India after the First World War.[6] The Indian Passport Act of 1920 required the use of passports, established controls on the foreign travel of Indians, and foreigners travelling to and within India.[7] The passport was based on the format agreed upon by the 1920 League of Nations International Conference on Passports.[8] However, the British Indian passport had very limited usage, being valid for travel only within the British Empire, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, France, Spain, Norway, Sweden and Holland.[9]

Dominion of India

The use of the passport was discontinued after the establishment of the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan in 1947, and its bearers were entitled to opt for Indian, Pakistani or British nationality.

Joint India-Pakistan passport issued to migrants to enable them to visit family, friends and ancestral homes located on the other side of the Radcliffe line.

Passport laws were made strict in both the countries in 1952. Initially, Indian passports were granted only to "respectable" people. A literacy test was required, and passports were denied to Communist Party of India members.[10] Only in 1967 did the Supreme Court rule that every citizen had the right to a passport.[11]

Types of passport

The front cover of an ordinary Indian passport, coloured dark blue.
The front cover of an offician Indian passport coloured white.
The front cover of a diplomatic Indian passport coloured maroon.
Left to right: ordinary (dark blue), official (white), and diplomatic (maroon) passports of India.
  •   Ordinary Passport (Dark blue cover) is issued to ordinary citizens for private travel, such as for vacation, study and business trips (36 or 60 pages). It is a "Type P" passport, where P stands for Personal.
  •   Official Passport (White cover) is issued to individuals representing the Government of India on official business, including members of the Indian Armed Forces stationed abroad. It is a "Type S" passport, S stands for Service. Since 2021, all Official Passports issued have been ePassports, with a data chip embedded into the document.
  •   Diplomatic Passport (Maroon cover) is issued to Indian diplomats, Members of Parliament, members of the Union Council of Ministers, certain high-ranking government officials and diplomatic couriers, as well as their dependants. Upon request, it may also be issued to high-ranking state-level officials travelling on official business. It is a "Type D" passport, with D standing for Diplomatic. Since 2008, all Diplomatic Passports have been ePassports, with a data chip embedded into the document. Many visa requirements normally applied to Indian citizens are waived for Diplomatic Passport holders.

In addition, select passport offices in India, as well as overseas missions, were authorised to issue regular India-Bangladesh Passport to Indian nationals resident in West Bengal and the North-Eastern States; India-Sri Lanka Passport to Indian nationals resident in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry; and the India-Pakistan Passport to Indian nationals whose ancestral homes lay on the other side of the Radcliffe Line. These three passports respectively permitted travel to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan only and were not valid for travel to other foreign countries. Both India and Bangladesh stopped issuing the India-Bangladesh Passport in 2013 due to changes in ICAO regulations.[12][13]

Tatkaal and SVP

Tatkaal Passports (for urgent needs),[14] and Short Validity Passport (SVP)[15] are also available and these are likely considered Ordinary Passports once issued.

e-Passports

Soon to be released Indian e-passport. (Preview)

The need for e-Passports (or Biometric passport) in India was realised in the late 2010s. Till early 2022, the government issued 20,000 official and diplomatic e-passports, but not to ordinary citizens of India. The government had issued the first e-passport to former President of India, Pratibha Patil in 2008.[16]

The Union government officially announced to roll out e-passports on the lines of international standards for Indian citizens in the 2022-23 fiscal year. The Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the same during the Union Budget 2022 address to the Lok Sabha. ICAO compliant passports with embedded electronic chip and digital inlays have been aimed for speedy immigration checks and high security. For the roll out of e-Passports, the Ministry of External Affairs entered into a contract with the Tata Consultancy Services. This has been officially termed as Passport Seva Programme V2.0.[17]

Physical appearance

Early passports dating back to the British Empire were handwritten; in addition, more than a hundred thousand handwritten passports were issued between 1997 and 2000 with 20-year validity dates. These passports have been ruled invalid by the Indian government and holders must replace them with machine-readable versions with validity for 10 years due to ICAO regulations.[18]

Versions prior to 2021 had deep bluish cover with golden coloured printing. The Emblem of India emblazoned in the center of the front cover. The words भारत गणराज्य in Devanagari and REPUBLIC OF INDIA were inscribed below the Emblem whereas पासपोर्ट in Devanagari and PASSPORT in English were inscribed above the emblem.

The latest version of 2021 has the official name of the country and "Passport" engravings' positions changed mutually. The passport has the passport number perforated. The pages have been re-designed.

The standard passport contains 36 pages, but frequent travellers can opt for a passport containing 60 pages.[19]

Identity Information Page

Bio-data page of an Indian passport issued since 2013
Bio-data page of an Indian passport issued prior to 2013
  • The Bio data page contains the following information:
    • Type: P- Stands for "Personal", if it's a Diplomatic or Service passport then it listed as "D" or "S"
    • Code: (listed as IND for "India")
    • Nationality: भारतीय / INDIAN
    • Passport number
    • Surname
    • Given name(s)
    • Date of birth
    • Sex
    • Place of birth
    • Place of issue
    • Date of issue
    • Date of expiry
    • Photo of passport holder
    • Ghost picture of the passport holder (only passports issued since 2013)
    • Signature of the passport holder
    • The information page ends with the Machine Readable Passport Zone (MRZ).
  • The Demographics page at the end of the passport book contains the following information:
    • Name of father or legal guardian
    • Name of mother
    • Name of spouse
    • Address
    • Old passport no. with date and place of issue
    • File number

Passport note

All passports contain a note in Hindi and English, nominally from the President of India, addressing the authorities of all countries and territories:

इसके द्वारा, भारत गणराज्य के राष्ट्रपति के नाम पर, उन सब से जिनका इस बात से सरोकार हो, यह प्रार्थना एवं अपेक्षा की जाती है कि वे वाहक को बिना रोक-टोक, स्वतंत्रतापूर्वक आने-जाने दें, और उसे हर प्रकार की ऐसी सहायता और सुरक्षा प्रदान करें जिसकी उसे आवश्यकता हो ।

भारत गणराज्य के राष्ट्रपति के आदेश से

These are to request and require in the Name of the President of the Republic of India all those whom it may concern to allow the bearer to pass freely without let or hindrance, and to afford him or her, every assistance and protection of which he or she may stand in need.

By order of the President of the Republic of India

The note bearing page is typically stamped and signed by the issuing authority in the name of the President of the Republic of India.

Languages

The text of Indian Passport is printed in Hindi and English, two of the twenty-two scheduled official languages (as per Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India) at the Union level.

Emigration check

A page in the Indian passport with Emigration check note.

Holders of Emigration Check Required (ECR) type passports need a clearance called an Emigration Check from the Government of India's Protector of Emigrants when going to selected countries on a work visa. This is to prevent the exploitation of Indian workers (especially the unskilled and less-educated) when going abroad, particularly to Middle Eastern countries. ECR type passport holders travelling on a tourist visa do not need a clearance; this is known as an Emigration Check Suspension.

Emigration Check Not Required (ECNR) status passports are granted to:

  • Indian nationals born abroad;
  • Indian nationals holding at least a matriculation certificate;
  • All holders of diplomatic or official passports.
  • All gazetted government servants;
  • All income-tax payers (including agricultural income-tax payers) in their individual capacity;
  • All graduate and professional degree holders (such as architects, doctors, engineers, chartered accountants, scientists, lawyers, etc.);
  • Spouses and dependent children of category of certain holders of ECNR passports;
  • Seamen in possession of a continuous discharge certificate;
  • Sea Cadets and Deck Cadets who have:
    • Passed their final examination on a three-year BSc Nautical Sciences Course at TS Chanakya, Mumbai; and
    • Undergone three months' pre-sea training at any of the government-approved training institutes such as TS Chanakya, TS Jawahar, TS Rehman, Maritime Training Institute (SCI), or National Institute of Personnel Management, Chennai, after production of identity cards issued by the Shipping Master at Mumbai, Kolkata, or Chennai;
  • Persons holding a Permanent Immigration Visa, such as visas issued by the UK, USA, or Australia;
  • Persons possessing a two years' diploma from any institute recognized by the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) or the State Council of Vocational Training (SCVT), or persons holding a three years' diploma or equivalent degree from an institution such as a polytechnic recognized by the union or a state government;
  • Nurses possessing qualifications recognised under the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947;
  • All persons above the age of 50 years;
  • All persons who have been staying abroad for more than three years (whether in one continuous period or in aggregate), as well as their spouses;
  • All children up to the age of 18 years.

In accordance with a ruling by the Ministry of External Affairs, passports issued from 2007 onwards do not have the ECNR stamp affixed; instead, a blank page 2 of the passport is deemed to have been ECNR endorsed. As a result, only ECR stamps are now affixed to Indian passports. For passports issued before January 2007, no notation in the passport means ECR. For passports issued in or after January 2007, no notation in the passport means ECNR. If Emigration Check is Required, there will be an endorsement in the passport regarding ECR.

Features

Since 25 November 2015, Indian passports that are handwritten or with an original date of expiry extending to 20 years have not been valid under ICAO travel regulations.[20] With more recent Indian passports the personal particulars of the passport holder, that were hitherto printed on the inner cover page, are printed on the second page of the document. Another added security feature in the newer non-handwritten passports is a ghost picture of the holder found on the right side of the second page. Apart from stymieing criminals from printing fake passports, recent changes also help prevent smudging of the document because of inkjet printers.[21][22]

Fees

The price for a standard passport in India:[23]

  • ₹1500 – Fresh issuance or reissue of passport (36 pages, standard size) with 10-year validity.
  • ₹2000 – Fresh issuance or reissue of passport (60 pages, 'jumbo' size) with 10-year validity.
  • ₹3500 – First time applicant or renewal with expedited ('tatkaal') service (36 pages) with 10-year validity.
  • ₹4000 – First time applicant or renewal with expedited ('tatkaal') service (60 pages) with 10-year validity.
  • ₹1000 – Fresh passport issuance for minors (below 18 years of Age) with 5-year validity or till the minor attains the age of 18, whichever is earlier.
  • ₹3000 – Duplicate passport (36 pages) in lieu of lost, damaged or stolen passport.
  • ₹3500 – Duplicate passport (60 pages) in lieu of lost, damaged or stolen passport.

Indian passports can also be issued outside India, for which fees vary by country.

Issuance

Passport Seva Kendra

In September 2007, the Indian Union Council of Ministers approved a new passport issuance system under the Passport Seva Project. As per the project, front-end activities of passport issuance, dispatch of passports, online linking with police, and Central Printing Unit for centralised printing of passports will be put in place. The new system is trying to be 'timely, transparent, more accessible and reliable manner' for passport issuance. The applicant has to apply for fresh/reissue of passport through the Passport Seva system at one of the 77 Passport offices known as "Passport Seva Kendra"s operating throughout the country.

Biometric passport

India initiated the first phase of biometric e-passport for Diplomatic passport holders in India and abroad. The new passports have been designed locally by the Central Passport Organisation, the India Security Press and IIT Kanpur. It contains a security chip with all personal data and digital images. In the first phase new passports will have a 64KB chip carrying a photograph of the passport holder and in subsequent phases it will have a fingerprint. The new passport has already been tested with passport readers in the United States and has 4-second response time, while the US Passport has 10-second response time. It need not be carried in a metal jacket for security reasons. It will first need to be skimmed through a reader, after which it would generate an access code which then unlocks the chip for reader access.[24]

In India, the e-passport is under its first phase of deployment and is restricted to Diplomatic passport holders. On 25 June 2008 the Indian Passport Authority issued the e-passport to the then President of India Pratibha Patil.[25] As of 2016, the Government has plans to issue e-passports to all of its citizens. Also the Government has authorized Indian Security Press to float a global three-stage tender for procurement of ICAO-compliant electronic contactless inlays along with its operating system, which is required for the manufacture of Biometric Passports.[26] The necessary procurement have been initiated by India Security Press, Nasik by calling for Global tender for the supply of electronic contactless inlays.[27] The actual transition to the new age passport is expected to commence on the successful completion of the tendering and procurement process.[28] The Biometric E-Passport work is currently in progress/pipeline and is yet to be available for Ordinary Passport holders.[29]

During the 2022 Union budget of India speech, Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that e-Passports with embedded chip and futuristic technology will be rolled out in 2022-23. It contains microchips that would have important security data stored in them, which enhances the convenience of citizens in their overseas travel. The Ministry of External Affairs has stated that the digital passport will allow greater security for personal data as well as smoother immigration process.[30][31]

Passport power and visa requirements

Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India.

Passport Power Ranking and visa-free travel

Visa requirements for Indian citizens
  Republic of India
  Visa not required
  Visa available both on arrival or online (eVisa)
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa required prior to arrival

As of July 2023, Henley Passport Index ranks Indian passport at 80th place, moving up five places from last year's rank, with visa-free or visa on arrival access to 57 nations and territories to Indian citizens.[32][33] As of February 2023 Meanwhile Singapore has now taken over the title of the world's most powerful passport from Japan. This means that holders of the Singapore passport can travel to 192 countries out of the 227 countries in the world without the need for a visa, granting them significant ease of travel and access to a wide range of destinations.[34] The Passport Index ranks Indian passport at 72nd place out of 96 on global ranking with 70th mobility ranking (based on visa-free or visa on arrival access to nations or territories). Minister of State for External Affairs V. Muraleedharan in his reply to an unstarred question in Rajya Sabha in November 2019 stated that the rank of the Indian passport on the Henley Passport Index is expected to improve.[35][36] [37] Furthermore, Indian citizens may live and work freely in Nepal under the terms of the 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship.

Foreign travel statistics

According to the statistics these are the numbers of Indian visitors to various countries in 2017 (unless otherwise noted)

Foreign travel statistics
DestinationNumber of visitors
 American Samoa[note 1][38] 63
 Angola[39] 9,170
 Antarctica[note 2][40] 292
 Antigua and Barbuda[note 2][41] 366
 Australia[note 2][42] 302,200
 Austria[note 3][note 1][43] 147,300
 Azerbaijan[note 1][44] 6,012
 Barbados[note 3][note 1][45] 900
 Belgium[note 1][46] 44,898
 Bhutan[note 2][47] 172,751
 Bolivia[note 1][48] 1,338
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[note 2][49] 1,700
 Botswana[50] 17,413
 Brazil[note 2][51] 16,916
 Cambodia[note 1][52] 46,131
 Canada[note 2][53] 261,801
 Cayman Islands[note 2][note 4][54] 292
 Chile[note 2][55] 4,468
 China[note 1][56][57] 799,100
 Colombia[58] 5,402
 Congo[note 5][59] 2,373
 Costa Rica[note 2][60] 7,415
 Croatia[note 2][61] 55,745
 Cuba[note 2][61] 2
 Dominica[62] 97
 Dominican Republic[note 2][63] 4,649
 Eswatini[note 1][64] 6,867
 France[65] 524,055
 French Polynesia[note 2][66] 379
 Georgia[note 2][67] 59,732
 Germany[note 1][68] 231,244
 Guam[note 2][note 4][69] 8
 Hong Kong[note 2][70] 392,853
 Hungary[note 3][note 1][71] 33,134
 Indonesia[note 1][72] 422,045
 Israel[note 2][73] 58,000
 Italy[note 1][74] 225,000
 Jamaica[note 2][75] 1,834
 Japan[76] 103,084
 Jordan[note 1][77] 57,720
 Kazakhstan[note 2][78] 21,890
 Kyrgyzstan[note 2][79] 19,600
 Laos[note 2][80] 4,343
 Latvia[note 3][note 2][81] 5,476
 Lebanon[note 1][82] 15,610
 Macao[note 2][83] 148,121
 Madagascar[84] 2,234
 Malaysia[note 2][85] 552,739
 Maldives[note 2][86] 83,019
 Mali[note 6][87] 1,500
 Mauritius[note 2][86] 86,294
 Mexico[note 1][88] 59,020
 Mongolia[note 2][89] 1,888
 Montenegro[note 6][note 3][90] 1,131
 Myanmar[91] 34,628
   Nepal[note 7][92] 75,124
 Netherlands[note 2][93] 155,000
 New Zealand[note 2][94] 61,440
 Oman[note 2][95] 321,161
 Panama[96] 6,748
 Papua New Guinea[note 1][97] 4,293
 Peru[note 2][98] 7,201
 Philippines[note 2][99] 107,278
 Qatar[note 2][100] 333,708
 Romania[note 1][101] 16,753
 Russia[note 2][102] 130,400
 Seychelles[note 2][103] 13,518
 Singapore[note 2][104] 1,272,069
 Slovakia[note 1][note 3][105] 6,805
 South Africa[106] 85,639
 South Korea[note 2][107] 123,416
 Spain[note 2][108] 141,122
 Sri Lanka[note 1][109] 356,729
 Suriname[note 2][110] 1,045
 Taiwan[note 2][111] 40,846
 Tanzania[note 1][112] 69,876
 Thailand[note 2][113][114] 1,595,754
 Timor-Leste[note 6][note 7][115] 799
 Turkey[note 2][116] 86,996
 Ukraine[note 2][117] 23,173
 United Arab Emirates[note 2][118] 2,073,000
 United Kingdom[note 2][119] 525,000
 United States[note 2][note 8][120] 2,055,480
 Uzbekistan[note 9][121] 18,100
 Zambia[122] 25,517
 Zimbabwe[123] 5,421
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Data for 2016
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Data for 2017
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
  4. 1 2 Data for arrivals by air only.
  5. ↑ Data for 2012
  6. 1 2 3 Data for 2014
  7. 1 2 Data for arrivals by air only.
  8. ↑ Total number includes tourists, business travelers, students, exchange visitors, temporary workers and families, diplomats and other representatives and all other classes of nonimmigrant admissions (I-94).
  9. ↑ Data for 2015

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Fee Structure : Document Advisor – Passport Seva". passportindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  2. ↑ "MEA CPV Division". CPV. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  3. ↑ "Unknown".
  4. ↑ "7.2% of Indians own passports, number set to cross 10 crore soon | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 19 December 2022.
  5. ↑ "Dominions 1931–1947". Historical Atlas of the British Empire. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  6. ↑ MumbaiSpace Indian Passport History Archived 6 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ "Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920 (No. 34 of 1920)". Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  8. ↑ "History of Passports". Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  9. ↑ Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali Zamindar (2007). The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia. Columbia University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-231-13846-8.
  10. ↑ "When Delhi and London colluded to deny passports to Indians". BBC News. 2 August 2022.
  11. ↑ "Satwant Singh Sawhney vs D. Ramarathnam, Assistant ... on 10 April, 1967". 10 April 1967.
  12. ↑ "41-year-old India-Bangladesh passport regime ends". The Times of India. 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  13. ↑ Nurul Islam Hasib (13 November 2013). "Indo-Bangla special passport to go". BdNews24.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013.
  14. ↑ Tatkaal passports. "Tatkaal passports". www.passportindia.gov.in. CPV, Government of India. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  15. ↑ "Passport Seva Miscellaneous Queries". passportindia.gov.in. CPV, Government of India. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  16. ↑ "Explained: What is an e-passport, how will it work and how to apply for it". 2 February 2022.
  17. ↑ "Passport Seva Programme V2.0".
  18. ↑ "Invalid, but over a lakh Indian handwritten passports still in circulation". 20 November 2017. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  19. ↑ "| vfsglobal - vfsglobal".
  20. ↑ the Times of India website article Archived 27 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine accessed 29 January 2016
  21. ↑ Oppili, P. (12 April 2013). "New passports with added security features dispatched". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.
  22. ↑ "A ghost in your passport to make it tamper-proof". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  23. ↑ "Indian Passport Fees" (PDF). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  24. ↑ "NDTV.com: After US tests, India to get first e-passport". ndtv.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  25. ↑ "India to introduce biometric passports next year". secureidnews.com. 5 July 2012. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  26. ↑ "India to introduce biometric passports to all of its Citizens". Ministry of External Affairs, Parliament Q&A – 1724. 27 July 2016. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  27. ↑ "Indian Security Press Global Tender for Supply Electronic contactless inlays" (PDF). Indian Security Press- Nashik, Tender No-54/2016-17. 27 July 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  28. ↑ "India looks to Biometric Passports". Security Documentworld.com. 28 July 2016. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  29. ↑ "E-Passport coming soon! Indians to get chip-enabled passports with advanced security features; details". The Financial Express. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  30. ↑ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (1 February 2022). "India Union Budget 2022 | e-passports with embedded chip to be rolled out this year". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  31. ↑ Ankita Chakravarti (1 February 2022). "E-Passport for India announced in Budget 2022, here is what it is". India Today. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  32. ↑ "India Ranks At 80th Spot In Passport Index, Indians Can Now Travel Visa-Free To..." NDTV.com. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  33. ↑ "The Official Passport Index Ranking". Henley & Partners. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  34. ↑ Shan, Lee Ying (19 July 2023). "Singapore's passport is now the most powerful in the world. Here's how other countries ranked". CNBC. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  35. ↑ "Global Passport Power Rank 2022 | Passport Index 2022". Passport Index - Global Mobility Intelligence. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  36. ↑ Scroll Staff (9 December 2022). "Indian passport ranks 69th among 193 nations on global index, UAE tops the list". Scroll.in. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  37. ↑ "QUESTION NO.528 INDIA'S RANKING IN TERMS OF STRENGTH OF PASSPORT". mea.gov.in. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  38. ↑ "Statistical Yearbook – Department of Commerce". Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  39. ↑ "Anuário de Estatística do Turismo". Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  40. ↑ "Tourism Statistics – IAATO". iaato.org. Archived from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  41. ↑ "Tourism Statistics for Antigua and Barbuda". antiguahotels.org. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  42. ↑ "Tourist visits to Australia" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  43. ↑ "Kalenderjahr 2016: Erstmals über 140 Millionen Nächtigungen (Calendar year 2016: Over 140 million overnight stays for the first time)" (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  44. ↑ "Number of foreign citizens arrived to Azerbaijan by countries". Archived from the original on 25 June 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  45. ↑ "Barbados - 2016 Annual Statistics Report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  46. ↑ "Tourisme selon pays de provenance 2016". Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  47. ↑ Namgay, Phunstho. "Annual Reports – Tourism Council of Bhutan". www.tourism.gov.bt. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  48. ↑ "INE – Instituto Nacional de Estadística – Turismo". Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  49. ↑ "TOURISM STATISTICS Cumulative data, January – December 2017" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
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