Antiopella cristata
Antiopella cristata, head end towards the top of the image
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Nudibranchia
Suborder: Cladobranchia
Family: Janolidae
Genus: Antiopella
Species:
A. cristata
Binomial name
Antiopella cristata
Synonyms
  • Antiopa splendida Alder & Hancock, 1848
  • Eolidia cristata (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
  • Eolis cristata Delle Chiaje, 1841
  • Janolus cristatus (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
  • Janus spinolae Vérany, 1846

Antiopella cristata, sometimes known by the common name crested aeolis, is a species of nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Janolidae.[2][3]

Taxonomy

Previously some authors synonymised Antiopella with Janolus and assigned the genus Janolus to the Janolidae family (see ITIS.gov[4] or AnimalDiversity[5]), others (see Seaslug Forum[6]) to the family of Zephyrinidae, and these were synonymised names of Proctonotidae (see WoRMS).[7] In 2019 an integrated taxonomic study reinstated Antiopella and Janolus as separate genera and placed them in the family Janolidae.[8]

Description

This species is semi-transparent and has an oval-shaped outline. It is cream or light brown in colour, and grows to approximately 7.5 cm in length. The head has oral tentacles that are short.[9]

The lateral cerata are numerous, have a smooth surface and an inflated appearance. The central digestive gland lobe is thin and brown in colour and can be seen through each ceras. These gland lobes divide at the tip of the cerata into numerous terminal branches, distinguishing Janolids from Aeolid nudibranchs. The tips of the cerata are bluish-white and iridescent.[10]

The white surface colouration that is present on the cerata also appears in patches or lines along the bare central dorsum, as well as around the lamellate rhinophores and on the metapodium. The rhinophores are joined together at their bases with a swollen and wrinkled accessory caruncle. Both the rhinophores and median sensory caruncle are somewhat darker in colour than the rest of the body.[9]

Distribution

Antiopella cristata has been found as far north as Norway down through the British Isles and the French Atlantic coast.[11][9] It has also been recorded in Moroccan waters as well as in the western Mediterranean Sea.[10][12][13][14]

Habitat

It is found at depths of up to 40 metres, only in calm, clean water, on hard substrata in the sublittoral zone.[9]

Biology

Antiopella cristata eats erect bryozoans of the species Alcyonidium gelatinosum, Bicellariella ciliata and in the genus Bugula and Bugulina, such as Bugulina turbinata, Bugula plumosa, Bugula neritina and possibly species in the genus Cellaria.[15][10]

The spawn of this species appear as a light pink or white string forming a wavy, circular pattern. The eggs themselves are contained within packets with transparent patches in between. This gives them the appearance of beads.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Delle Chiaje, S. (1841-1844). Descrizione e notomia degli animali invertebrati della Sicilia citeriore osservati vivi negli anni 1822-1830. Batteli & Co., Naples. Parts 1-8. page(s): vol. 7, pl. 88 fig. 1-12; vol. 8, p. 6 [1844]
  2. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Antiopella cristata (Delle Chiaje, 1841)". Marinespecies.org. 2019-04-15. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  3. ↑ Gary R. McDonald Nudibranch Systematic Index (2nd ed.), University of California Santa Cruz University of California Santa Cruz in Institute of Marine Sciences, (2009).
  4. ↑ IT IS Report
  5. ↑ IT IS Report Animal Diversity
  6. ↑ The Sea Slug Forum Australian Museum
  7. ↑ Proctonotidae at WoRMS
  8. ↑ Pola M., Hallas J.M. & Gosliner T.M. (2019). Welcome back Janolidae and Antiopella: Improving the understanding of Janolidae and Madrellidae (Cladobranchia, Heterobranchia) with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 57(2): 345-368., page(s): 356, figs 4d, 6a-c, 7
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Marine Species Identification Portal : Janolus cristatus". Species-identification.org. Retrieved 2014-05-24.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Antiopella cristata - Marine Life Encyclopedia". Habitas.org.uk. Retrieved 2014-05-24.
  11. ↑ Thomas E. Thompson et G.H. Brown, Biology of Opisthobranch Molluscs : The standard work on British nudibranchs, with up to date information and colour paintings of nearly all species, vol. 2, Ray Society, 1984 (ISBN 0903874180)
  12. ↑ Thomas E. Thompson, Molluscs: Benthic opisthobranchs, Leiden, Brill, coll. « Synopses of the British Fauna » (no 8), 1988 (ISBN 9004084398)
  13. ↑ R. Cattaneo-Vietti, R. Chemello et R. Gianuzzi-Savelli, Atlas of Mediterranean nudibranchs, Roma, Editrice La Conchiglia, 1990, 264 p. (OCLC 26035712, LCCN 93155161)
  14. ↑ Egidio Trainito, Nudibranchi del Mediterraneo. Guida al riconoscimento dei molluschi opistobranchi, 2005ª ed., Milano, Il Castello, 2005, ISBN 88-8039-438-X.
  15. ↑ Gary R. McDonald, James W. Nybakken, A List of the Worldwide Food Habits of Nudibranchs, in University of California Santa Cruz.
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