Joe Theismann
refer to caption
Theismann in 2021
No. 7
Position:Quarterback
Personal information
Born: (1949-09-09) September 9, 1949
New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.
Height:6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
Weight:192 lb (87 kg)
Career information
High school:South River (South River, New Jersey)
College:Notre Dame
NFL Draft:1971 / Round: 4 / Pick: 99
Career history
Career highlights and awards
Career NFL statistics
TD–INT:160–138
Passing yards:25,206
Passer rating:77.4
Career CFL statistics
TD–INT:40–47
Passing yards:6,093
Passer rating:77.2
Player stats at NFL.com

Joseph Robert Theismann (born September 9, 1949) is an American former professional football player, sports commentator, corporate speaker and restaurateur. He rose to fame playing quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). Theismann spent 12 seasons with the Washington Redskins, where he was a two-time Pro Bowler and helped the team to consecutive Super Bowl appearances, winning Super Bowl XVII over the Miami Dolphins and losing Super Bowl XVIII. He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003.

In the 1985 NFL season, he suffered an in-game gruesome and catastrophic fracture to his right leg that ended his career. Theismann worked as a sportscaster and an analyst on pro football broadcasts with ESPN for nearly 20 years.[1] He primarily partnered with Mike Patrick, for the network's Sunday Night Football package and for one season of Monday Night Football with Mike Tirico and Tony Kornheiser. Theismann also worked as a color analyst on NFL Network's Thursday Night Football package with play-by-play voice Bob Papa and Matt Millen. Theismann also co-hosts the network's weekly show Playbook.

Since 2011, he has worked on the Washington Commanders preseason television broadcast team.[2] Additionally, he works on the NFL Network on a variety of programs, primarily as an analyst.[3]

Theismann is the owner of Theismann's Restaurant and Bar[4] in Alexandria, Virginia, founded in 1975.[5] He also performs as a speaker for corporate events, speaking on topics such as leadership and self-motivation.[6][7]

Early life

Theismann was born to Austrian Joseph John Theismann who "ran a gas station and worked in his brother's liquor store."[1] His Hungarian mother, Olga Tóbiás,[8] worked for Johnson & Johnson until her retirement. Theismann was raised in South River, New Jersey,[9] and attended South River High School, where he lettered in baseball, basketball, and football.[1]

He was a high school teammate of Drew Pearson. Theismann accepted a college football scholarship to attend the University of Notre Dame, where he lived in Zahm Hall.[10]

College career

At Notre Dame, Theismann became the starting quarterback in his sophomore year, after Terry Hanratty was injured late in the season.[11]

In the three remaining games in the regular season, he led the Irish to two wins and a tie. In 1969, Theismann led the Irish to a number five ranking, but lost to the University of Texas in the 1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, 21–17. The next year, the Irish had a 10–1 record, a number two ranking, and won against Texas in the 1971 Cotton Bowl Classic, 24–11.[11]

That year, Theismann was an All-American and an Academic All-American, and was in contention for the Heisman Trophy. Theismann, whose last name was actually pronounced THEES-man, recounted in 2007 that it was Notre Dame publicity man Roger Valdiserri who insisted that he change the pronunciation of his name to rhyme with "Heisman",[12] but he finished second to Jim Plunkett of Stanford University.[1][11][13]

Theismann set school records for passing yards in a season (2,429) and touchdowns in a season (16).[11] He also set a school record for passing yards in a game (526) and completions in a game (33) while playing against the University of Southern California in a torrential downpour in 1970, which they lost 38–28.[14] As a starting quarterback, Theismann compiled a 20–3–2 record while throwing for 4,411 yards and 31 touchdowns.[11] His 4,411 passing yards rank fifth on Notre Dame's career passing list.[14]

Theismann was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003.[11] He was the eighth Notre Dame quarterback enshrined into the hall, joining former Heisman Trophy winners Angelo Bertelli, John Lujack, and Paul Hornung.[14]

Professional career

Toronto Argonauts

Theismann was selected 99th overall in the fourth round of the 1971 NFL Draft by the Miami Dolphins and in the 39th round of the 1971 Major League Baseball Draft by the Minnesota Twins.[15][16] After prolonged negotiations with the Dolphins failed, Theismann elected to sign with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League for $50,000 per season.[17]

In his rookie year, Theismann quarterbacked the Argonauts to a 10–4 record, led the league's Eastern Conference in passing statistics and won a berth in the Grey Cup game in Vancouver, British Columbia, versus the Calgary Stampeders (59th Grey Cup). A fumble late in the fourth quarter by Argonaut running back Leon McQuay close to the goal line cost the Argonauts what would have been their first Grey Cup victory since 1952.[18][19]

In 1971, Theismann completed 148 of 278 passes for 2,440 yards and 17 touchdowns (with 21 interceptions). His 1972 season was shortened by injury, but he hit 77 of 127 passes for 1,157 yards and ten touchdowns. During his last CFL season, 1973, 157 of his 274 passes were complete, for 2,496 yards and both 13 touchdowns and interceptions. He was an all-star in both 1971 and 1973.[20]

Washington Redskins

Theismann at practice

In 1974, the Washington Redskins obtained Theismann's rights from the Dolphins in exchange for the team's first-round draft pick in 1976 (the Dolphins selected linebacker Larry Gordon with the pick).[21] Theismann left the CFL and joined the Redskins, where he served as the team's punt returner during his first season.[22] In 1978, Theismann became the Redskins' starting quarterback, succeeding Billy Kilmer.

In 1982, Theismann led the Redskins to their first championship in 40 years against the Dolphins in Super Bowl XVII. He threw two touchdowns and, with the Redskins trailing 17–13 in the third quarter, made arguably the most important defensive play of the game – after his pass was deflected by Dolphins lineman Kim Bokamper, causing what appeared to be an interception and sure touchdown (which would have given Miami a two-score lead and effectively taken MVP running back John Riggins out of the game), Theismann himself was able to knock the ball out of Bokamper's hands,[23] keeping the score close enough for Washington to stick to the run-heavy strategy that would eventually lead to victory. He also led the team to an appearance in Super Bowl XVIII the following year, and would go on to set several Redskins franchise records, including most career passing attempts (3,602), most career passing completions (2,044) and most career passing yards (25,206), while also throwing 160 touchdown passes, with 138 interceptions. On the ground, he rushed for 1,815 yards and 17 touchdowns. He was named NFL MVP in 1983 by four organizations.[22] He earned the Player of the Game Award in the second of his two Pro Bowl appearances. Theismann also punted once in his career, for one yard against the Chicago Bears.[22][24]

Joe Theismann's NFL rings (2006); his 1983 NFC Championship ring (left), and his 1982 Super Bowl XVII Championship ring (right)

In an era when most quarterbacks had long since used variations of a double-bar facemask or "cage" facemasks that afforded more protection, Theismann stood out in his use of a signature one-bar face mask throughout his career.[25]

However, on at least one occasion, Theismann wore a helmet with a more standard facemask. Substituting for an ineffective Billy Kilmer against the Dallas Cowboys on October 16, 1977, Theismann entered the game wearing a facemask similar to the style worn by Kenny Stabler at the time.[26]

Career-ending injury

On November 18, 1985, Theismann suffered a comminuted compound fracture of the tibia and fibula in his right leg when he was sacked by linebackers Lawrence Taylor and Harry Carson.[27] The injury took place during a Monday Night Football game against the New York Giants telecast by ABC from RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C.

The injury was later voted the NFL's "Most Shocking Moment in History" by viewers in an ESPN poll,[28] and the tackle was ultimately dubbed "The Hit That No One Who Saw It Can Ever Forget" by The Washington Post.[29]

The game's score was 7–7 in the second quarter when the Redskins attempted to run a "flea-flicker" play; Theismann had handed off to fullback John Riggins, who subsequently lateralled the ball back to the quarterback.[29] The Giants' defense, however, was tightly focused, and they tried to blitz Theismann. As Taylor pulled Theismann down, Taylor's knee came down and drove straight into Theismann's lower right leg, fracturing both the tibia and the fibula as Giants linebackers Gary Reasons and Harry Carson also joined Taylor in the sack.[30] Theismann would later describe the incident (December 22, 2005):

The pain was unbelievable, but it didn't last more than a second or two. My leg snapped like a breadstick. I heard it clearly, it sounded like two muzzled gunshots over my left shoulder. Pow, pow! ... It was at that point, I also found out what a magnificent machine the human body is. Almost immediately, from the knee down, all the feeling was gone in my right leg. The endorphins had kicked in, and I was not in any great pain.”[29][31]

As Theismann was down, Taylor immediately popped to his feet and frantically waved at the sidelines for the help of emergency medical technicians.[31] Initially, many Redskins personnel thought Taylor was taunting after the play, but quickly realized Theismann was seriously injured. The Monday Night Football announcer team of Frank Gifford, O. J. Simpson and Joe Namath had correctly inferred from the start that Taylor was calling for help.[32]

While initially only the players on the field could see the extent of the damage to Theismann's leg, the reverse-angle instant replay provided a clearer view of what had actually happened: Theismann's lower leg bones were broken midway between his knee and his ankle, such that his leg from his foot to his mid-shin was lying flat against the ground while the upper part of his shin up to his knee was at a 45-degree angle to the lower part of his leg.[31] ABC's decision to screen the reverse-angle instant replay several times despite its palpably graphic content shocked millions of viewers, with some describing it as "the most horrific professional sports injury of all time."[33] As the replays were shown, Gifford repeatedly urged viewers at home to exercise discretion: "If your stomach is weak, just don't watch."[31] The repeated screening of this replay remains to this day one of the most controversial in-game television production decisions in NFL history.

The compound fracture of the tibia and fibula led to insufficient bone growth during Theismann's recovery, leaving his right leg shorter than his left.[31] As a result, the injury ended Theismann's career, forcing him to retire at the age of 36. Theismann never blamed Taylor for his injury. While Taylor has apologized to Theismann many times, the quarterback has reiterated that Taylor was merely doing his job.[34]

Theismann's injury was highlighted in the film The Blind Side as the reason that, after the quarterback, one of the highest paid football players is the left tackle, who protects a right-handed quarterback's blind side.[35] A very similar injury occurred exactly 33 years later to another Redskins quarterback, Alex Smith, on November 18, 2018, in a game against the Houston Texans when cornerback Kareem Jackson and defensive end J. J. Watt sacked Smith, a game that Theismann himself was attending.[36] However, unlike Theismann, Smith managed to play an additional season two years later in 2020 and won the Comeback Player of the Year award before retiring in 2021.[37][38]

Career statistics

CFL statistics

Year Team GP Passing Rushing
CmpAttPctYdsAvgTDIntRtgAttYdsAvgTD
1971TOR 1414827853.22,4408.8172171.9815647.01
1972TOR 67712760.61,1579.1101377.2211477.01
1973TOR 1415727457.32,4969.1131383.8703434.91
Career3438267956.36,0939.0404777.21721,0546.13

NFL statistics

Legend
AP NFL MVP & OPOTY
Won the Super Bowl
Bold Career high
Year Team Games Passing Rushing
GPGSRecordCmpAttPctYdsAvgLngTDIntRtgAttYdsAvgLngTD
1974WAS 90–91181.814513.26910149.13124.0121
1975WAS 140–102245.5964.4301333.733411.3210
1976WAS 1453–27916348.51,0366.44481059.817975.7221
1977WAS 1464–28418246.21,0976.0527957.9291495.1141
1978WAS 16147–718739047.92,5936.663131861.6371774.8201
1979WAS 161610–623339559.02,7977.162201383.9461813.9224
1980WAS 16156–926245457.72,9626.554171675.2291756.0373
1981WAS 16168–829349659.13,5687.279192077.3361774.9242
1982WAS 998–116125263.92,0338.17813991.3311504.8160
1983WAS 161614–227645960.13,7148.184291197.0372346.3221
1984WAS 161611–528347759.33,3917.180241386.6623145.1271
1985WAS 11116–516730155.51,7745.95581659.6251154.6252
Career[22]16712477–472,0443,60256.725,2067.08416013877.43551,8155.13717

Washington Redskins franchise records

  • Most career wins by a quarterback (87)[39]
  • Most career passing yards (25,206)[40]
  • Most career passing completions (2,044)
  • Most career passing attempts (3,602)

Broadcast and acting career

In 1985, Theismann helped call Super Bowl XIX for ABC alongside Frank Gifford and Don Meredith, becoming only the second player to do commentary on a Super Bowl telecast while still an active player at the time (the first was Jack Kemp when he helped call Super Bowl II for CBS). Theismann served as a color commentator on regional CBS NFL coverage in 1986 and 1987, then worked on ESPN's Sunday Night Football telecasts from 1988 to 2005, and on their Monday Night Football coverage in 2006.

In addition to covering football, Theismann hosted the first half of the first season of American Gladiators in 1989.

On March 26, 2007, ESPN announced that Ron Jaworski would replace Theismann in the Monday Night Football booth. Theismann rejected an offer to work on the network's college football coverage. He has since done a number of Washington Redskins pre-season games on CSN. On September 16, 2009, the NFL Network announced that Theismann would analyze game films on the show Playbook, airing Thursday and Friday nights at 6 p.m. Eastern.

On January 9, 2010, Theismann and his former head coach Joe Gibbs served as color commentators, along with play-by-play man Tom Hammond, for the Saturday AFC wild card game between the New York Jets and the Cincinnati Bengals.

On September 6, 2010, NFL network announced that they had added Theismann to their Thursday Night Football broadcast crew alongside Bob Papa and Matt Millen.[41] The grouping lasted one season. He also co-hosted NFL games on NBC in 2010,[42] and co-hosted NFL Network's No Huddle in 2011.[43]

Acting appearances

Theismann has occasionally acted, although most appearances are as himself or as himself in a fictional context. He does have several TV and movie appearances, including B.J. and the Bear (1981), Cannonball Run II (1984), and The Man from Left Field (1993).[44]

Theismann appeared as himself, as part of a buyer group for the fictional "New York Hawks" football team on the TV series Necessary Roughness (2013) and on the post-Super Bowl episode "Operation: Broken Feather" of Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2014). His most recent acting appearances were in movies for the Hallmark Channel. In 2016's "Love on the Sidelines," he appeared as the father of an injured professional football player. In 2019's "SnowComing," he played an agent for professional athletes (in particular, a professional football player).

Personal life

Theismann in 2019

Theismann and his first wife, the former Shari Brown, had three children: Joseph Jr., Amy, and Patrick. The couple divorced in April 1985, seven months before Theismann's injury in November 1985, after which Theismann began a seven-year relationship – including a brief engagement – with television personality Cathy Lee Crosby.[45] Early in 1991, Crosby sued for $4.5 million,[46] touching off a counter suit. The suits were settled several months later.[47]

His second marriage, to former Miss Connecticut winner and Miss America contestant Jeanne Caruso, ended in divorce after three years in 1995. Theismann was ordered to pay nearly $1 million of marital property and $3,500 a month in alimony.[48]

In 1996, Theismann married Robin Smith, a self-described "country girl from Memphis." They have homes in Virginia, Tennessee, and the Florida Panhandle.[1]

Awards

Theismann with John Elway in 2018

Theismann received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Tom Landry in 1983.[49][50]

Theismann was inducted into the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association Hall of Fame in 1997.[51]

In 2011, Theismann was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.

On September 5, 2014, Theismann was honored by the Ride of Fame as they christened a double decker sightseeing bus in Washington DC dedicated to him and his achievements.[52]

UFL

On August 19, 2010, head coach Jay Gruden of the UFL's Florida Tuskers "confirmed that Theismann introduced himself to the Tuskers as the team's new part owner".[53] Theismann expressed disappointment at the way he was treated during his time in the league and left the team when it was folded into the Virginia Destroyers in January 2011.[54]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Harry Jaffe (December 1, 2007). "Joe Theismann Sounds Off". Washingtonian. Retrieved December 26, 2008.
  2. ↑ "Redskins Announce Broadcast Teams For 2015 Preseason". Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  3. ↑ "Joe Theismann, On-Air Talent". National Football League. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  4. ↑ "Joe Theismann's Restaurant". theismanns.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  5. ↑ Paul Attner (October 29, 1976). "Theismann Plans, but does not wait, for future Archived May 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine". The Milwaukee Journal (via Google News Archive). The Washington Post.
  6. ↑ "Washington Speakers Bureau: Joe Theismann". Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  7. ↑ "Joe Theismann Speaker Profile". Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  8. ↑ "A kommentátorrá lett irányító és az erdélyi magyar punter – Magyarok az NFL-ben 3". October 28, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
  9. ↑ Amdur, Neil. "Theismann Pleases Irish Coach In Every Statistic Except One; Quarterback From Jersey Is Intercepted 16 Times -- Awaits Biggest Chance", The New York Times, December 27, 1969. Retrieved March 20, 2011. "The snow was stacked as high and tight as a goal-line defense near Joe Theismann's house at 3 Arlington Avenue in South River, N. J., yesterday."
  10. ↑ Roura, Phil (March 26, 2006). "REGIS ON THE ROAD. Philbin hits Harrah's this weekend with Susan Lucci: [SPORTS FINAL Edition]". Daily News. New York. p. 41. ProQuest 306017228 – via ProQuest.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Joe Theismann at the College Football Hall of Fame
  12. ↑ Joe Theismann (July 31, 2007). America's Game – 1982 Redskins – Joe Theismann (video). National Football League. Event occurs at 0:40.
  13. ↑ "Heisman Winners : 1970 – 36th Award : Jim Plunkett". Heisman.com. 1970. Archived from the original on February 10, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  14. 1 2 3 "Green, Sanders also among inductees". ESPN.com College Football. Associated Press. August 12, 2004. Retrieved December 26, 2008.
  15. ↑ Wallace, William N. "Patriots Choose Plunkett as No. 1 in College Draft, Spurning Trade Offers", The New York Times, January 29, 1971. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Baseball Draft: 39th Round of the 1971 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
  17. ↑ Attner, Paul (January 26, 1983). "Theismann, a Near-Dolphin, Wouldn't Change". The Washington Post.
  18. ↑ "Grey Cup: 1971". Canadian Football League. Archived from the original on April 25, 2011.
  19. ↑ "CFL Guide & Record Book – Grey Cup Record Book 1909 To 2021" (PDF). Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  20. ↑ "Former QB Joe Theismann has fond memories of 1971 Argos". The Canadian Press. July 6, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Allen Trades Pick for Theismann". The Milwaukee Journal. January 26, 1974. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  22. 1 2 3 4 "Joe Theismann Stats". pro-football-reference.com. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  23. ↑ "The Most UNDERRATED Play in Super Bowl HISTORY | Super Bowl XVII". January 29, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2023 – via YouTube.
  24. ↑ UPI (September 30, 1985). "Bears Show Redskins A Team On The Rise". Lodi News-Sentinel, p. 17.
  25. ↑ Graham, Tim (August 11, 2009). "Face of the NFL is gone – an ode to the single-bar". ESPN. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  26. ↑ "YouTube". Retrieved October 6, 2018 – via YouTube.
  27. ↑ Lambert, Ivan (December 11, 2022). "Remembering Washington football at RFK Stadium in the 1980s". Commanders Wire. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  28. ↑ "ESPN.com – Page2 – Readers: Shocking football moments". www.espn.com. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  29. 1 2 3 Leonard Shapiro (November 18, 2005). "The Hit That Changed a Career". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
  30. ↑ Stone, Kevin (November 18, 2015). "Ten things you might not know about Joe Theismann's injury 30 years ago". ESPN. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 Sandomir, Richard (December 26, 2005). "20 Years Later, Theismann Revisits Replay". The New York Times. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  32. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Lawrence Taylor breaks Joe Theismann's leg on MNF" – via YouTube.
  33. ↑ Mullins, Luke (September 29, 2015). "The Oral History of Joe Theismann's Broken Leg". www.washingtonian.com. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  34. ↑ "LT remembers Theismann's brutal injury: 'I've seen a lot worse hits'". ESPN. November 18, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  35. ↑ Sonny Bunch (November 20, 2009). "Movie Review: The Blind Side". The Washington Times. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Redskins' Alex Smith suffers gruesome injury 33 years to the day after Joe Theismann's broken leg". CBS Sports. November 18, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  37. ↑ Keim, John (March 5, 2021). "Washington Football Team releases quarterback Alex Smith". ESPN.
  38. ↑ Shook, Nick (April 19, 2021). "Alex Smith announces retirement after 16-year career". National Football League. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  39. ↑ "In multiple seasons, from 1950 to 2018, playing for the Washington Redskins, requiring Pass Completion % >= 1, sorted by most games matching criteria". pro-football-reference.com. Pro Football Reference. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  40. ↑ "Washington Redskins Career Passing Leaders". pro-football-reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  41. ↑ Gregg Rosenthal (September 6, 2010). "Joe Theismann to join NFL Network booth". NBCSports.com
  42. ↑ Michael Hiestand (December 6, 2009). "Gibbs, Theismann to reunite for NBC wild-card game". USA Today. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
  43. ↑ "Joe Theismann's 'Danny Woodcock' Gaffe: NFL Network Analyst Slips On Air (VIDEO)". HuffPost. January 14, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  44. ↑ "IMDb Joe Theismann". IMDb. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  45. ↑ Michael J. Weiss (December 9, 1985). "A Bone-Breaking Tackle Leaves Joe Theismann Relying on L.C. from C.L.C." People. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  46. ↑ "Crosby Sues Theismann Over Financial Support". Orlando Sentinel. February 4, 1991. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  47. ↑ "Theismann, Crosby settle estate lawsuit". The Free Lance-Star. Fredericksburg, VA. June 8, 1991. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  48. ↑ Roberts, Roxanne (September 4, 1995). "COMMITMENTS : Split Decision". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  50. ↑ Wade, Larry (July 14, 1983). "American Academy of Achievement fills Coronado with famous names" (PDF). Coronado Journal.
  51. ↑ "Hall of Fame Annual Awards, 1997". New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. 1997. Archived from the original on May 21, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
  52. ↑ Ride Of Fame With Joe Theismann Archived May 27, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Yahoo! Sport. September 5, 2014
  53. ↑ Radcliffe, Jeff (August 19, 2010). Joe Theismann in talks to become part owner of Florida Tuskers. BHSN.com. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
  54. ↑ Masters, Mark (June 24, 2011). "Unplugged: Theismann on the CFL, NFL and Marc Trestman Archived 2012-07-20 at archive.today". National Post. Retrieved 2011-06-25.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joe Theismann.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.