John J. Boyle
An illustration of Boyle, c. 1906
Born
John Joseph Boyle

January 12, 1851
New York City, U.S.
DiedFebruary 10, 1917(1917-02-10) (aged 66)
New York City, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
EducationPennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts École des Beaux Arts
Known forSculpture
Notable workThe Alarm (1884)
SpouseElizabeth Carroll

John J. Boyle (January 12, 1851, New York City – February 10, 1917, New York City) was an American sculptor active in Philadelphia in the last decades of the 19th century, known for his large-scale figurative bronzes in public settings, and, particularly, his portraiture of Native Americans.[1][2]

Early life and education

Boyle was born in New York City in 1851 to Samuel Boyle and Katharine McCauley. They moved to Pennsylvania prior to his first birthday. After his father's death in 1857, Boyle's remaining family, in straitened circumstances, moved to Philadelphia to live with relatives.

Boyle attended public schools in Philadelphia, then served an apprenticeship as a stone-cutter. In 1872, he began studying art at the PAFA, taking classes with Thomas Eakins and other faculty. Beginning in 1877, he studied at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris for three years,[3] returning to the United States and marrying Elizabeth Carroll in Philadelphia in 1882.[4]

Career

Paris Salon

Boyle's bronze sculpture, Stone Age in America, completed in 1887 and now on display at the Ellen Philips Memorial Sculpture Garden in Philadelphia

Boyle's time in Paris established him as a successful, medaled ornament to the Salon, the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris (the École being the visual arts division of the Académie). Although he returned to the United States to secure commissions ~1880, he continued to show his works in Paris, joining company with the generation of Philadelphia artists who moved back and forth between Europe and the United States during this period.[5]

By the mid to late 19th century, the Romantic Movement had begun to see expression in the United States, particularly in the artistic circle centered at Philadelphia's PAFA, moving away from the "Grand Style" of the first part of the 19th century. John Boyle, "authentic in his rude strength," was among those active in this form.[5]

This was a period of many firsts for American artists. Boyle would become known for his portraits of Native Americans, bolstered by an 1880 two month domicile among the Sioux in the Dakotas.[3] The Alarm, commissioned by Martin Ryerson for Lincoln Park in Chicago, was intended to commemorate local Ottawa tribes, as part of a monument which originally included four bas-relief panels entitled “ The Peace Pipe,” “The Corn Dance,” “Forestry,” and “The Hunt” on its base (these original panels were stolen in the 1960s and replaced with sand-blasted reproductions).[6]

World's Fair Participation

Statuary, Transportation Building, 1893 Columbian Exposition, Chicago
Statuary, Transportation Building, 1893 Columbian Exposition, Chicago

Boyle's prominence in the Philadelphia art scene by the 1890s was reflected by commissions for the Art Club of Philadelphia, including the design of their gold medal award, a prestigious form of social recognition.[7] Along with other noted artists and architects of the 1890s, Boyle was invited to participate in the Chicago World Fair of 1893 (the Columbian Exposition).

Artistic advisor Augustus Saint-Gaudens delegated the "career-enhancing commissions for monumental sculptures that promoted the exposition's overarching theme of national identity," to a select group of sculptors it was felt would portray young America in its most promising light.[8] He entrusted with the responsibility of supervising the sculptural decoration of the Louis Sullivan Transportation Building, work that was to include "five huge bas-reliefs, and eight triads of figures of heroic size, besides eight symbolical as well as allegorical figures," employing a staff of sculptors to complete his designs.[3] Executed in "staff," an impermanent mixture of plaster of Paris and fibrous materials, it was not expected that these works would endure beyond the fair's closing, but the scale, not merely for Boyle's work, but for 1893 America, went well beyond projects previously achieved. "For the sculptors whose works were displayed outdoors on the fairgrounds as well as in the Fine Arts Building, the World's Columbian Exposition was a professional and aesthetic coming of age," a "full flowering" of a naturalistic Beaux-Arts aesthetic that left the static formalism of neo-classicism behind.[8]

The success of Boyle's work in this venue cemented his reputation as a sculptor for American ideals, leading to commissions in Washington in the newly built Library of Congress building (figures of Sir Francis Bacon and Plato, bronze, 1894–96) in Washington, D.C.[4]

Public works

Boyle's statue of Benjamin Franklin for the Philadelphia Post office followed (1896–1899), followed by an invitation to participate in the Pan-American Exposition of 1901. He was appointed a member of the Art Commission of Greater New York January 1, 1906. In New York, he and his wife spent their later years. He was a member of many artistic clubs, including the National Sculpture Society, The Architectural League of New York, the T-Square Club of Philadelphia, and the National Arts Club and was still actively at work on a public project for the U.S. government, Commodore John Barry, now on display in Franklin Square in Washington, D.C., when he died in February 1917.[4]

Death

Boyle died from pneumonia at his home in New York City on February 10, 1917.[9] Behests by his wife to the PAFA in his memory included Tired out a bronze statue of a Native American subject completed in 1887.

Legacy

John J. Boyle, 1851-1917 Abstract/medium: 1 photographic print
John J. Boyle, 1914 (Library of Congress)

Boyle spent the last years of his life in New York City. In 1910, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member.[10]

Selected works

References

  1. ↑ "John Joseph Boyle - Artist, Fine Art Prices, Auction Records for John Joseph Boyle". www.askart.com. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  2. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Boyle, John J." . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 354.
  3. 1 2 3 The National Cyclopedia of American Biography ... V.1-. Vol. XIII. J. T. White. 1906. pp. 73–74.
  4. 1 2 3 "John Boyle, sculptor" (PDF). The New York Times. February 11, 1917.
  5. 1 2 Morris, Harrison S. (1905). "Philadelphia's Contributions to American Art". Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine ... Vol. LXIX, new series XLVII (Nov 1904 - Apr 1905). New York: The Century Company. pp. 723–4.
  6. ↑ "The Alarm | Artwork | Chicago Park District". www.chicagoparkdistrict.com. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
  7. ↑ Art, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Museum of American; Pa.), Museum of American Art (Philadelphia; James-Gadzinski, Susan; Cunningham, Mary Mullen; Mott, Jacolyn A.; Bantel, Linda (1997). American Sculpture in the Museum of American Art of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Museum of American Art of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. ISBN 978-0-295-97692-1.
  8. 1 2 Tollis, Thayer (2016). "American Sculpture at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893". www.metmuseum.org. Series:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History; Essays. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
  9. ↑ Levy, Florence Nightingale (1917). American Art Directory, Volume 14. The American Federation of the Arts. p. 320.
  10. ↑ "National Academicians | National Academy | National Academy Museum". Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  11. ↑ "Public Art in Chicago: Lincoln Park [Indian Alarm - by John J. Boyle]". Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  12. ↑ "FPAA: Discover Public Art in Philadelphia!". Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  13. ↑ Sir Francis Bacon Archived April 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine from Library of Congress.
  14. ↑ Plato Archived April 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine from Library of Congress.
  15. ↑ "Sculpture- Hub". atthefair.homestead.com. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  16. ↑ James V. Brown Library
  17. ↑ "Rebecca Darby Smith 2814 by Mister Max". PBase. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  18. ↑ "Commodore John Barry, (sculpture)". SIRIS
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