Jongno
종로구
Autonomous district
종로구 · 鐘路區
View of Gyeongbokgung and the mountain Bugaksan
View of Gyeongbokgung and the mountain Bugaksan
Flag of Jongno
Flag
Official seal of Jongno
Seal
Location of Jongno-gu in Seoul
Location of Jongno-gu in Seoul
Coordinates: 37°35′58″N 126°58′29″E / 37.59944°N 126.97472°E / 37.59944; 126.97472
CountrySouth Korea
RegionSudogwon
Special CitySeoul
Administrative dong19
Government
 • MayorChung Moon-heon (2022–) (People Power)
Area
 • Total23.92 km2 (9.24 sq mi)
Population
 (2010[1])
 • Total155,575
 • Density6,500/km2 (17,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Korea Standard Time)
Postal code
03000~03299
Area code02-300,700
WebsiteJongno-gu official website
Bosingak bell pavilion

Jongno District (Korean: 종로구; RR: Jongno-gu) is a district (gu) in central Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul, and contains the Joseon-era royal palace Gyeongbokgung and the former presidential residence, the Blue House.

Etymology

In Korean, the name 'Jongno' means Bell Street.[2] Jongno district is named after the road Jongno, which is a major trunk road running through the center of the district. The bell in question refers to Bosingak belfry, which sits at Jonggak intersection, on Jongno road.[3]

Description

Gwanghwamun Plaza

Jongno has been the center of the city for 600 years, since it is where the Joseon dynasty established its capital city. The district is commonly referred to as the face and heart of Korea because of its important roles in the politics, economics, culture, and history as the capital city.[4] Jongno District is home to palaces in which the kings used to reside and work, such as Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, and Unhyeongung. The South Korean president's former residence, the Blue House, is also located in the Jongno District.[4]

Jongno is also popular with tourists. Tourist attractions include the restored Cheonggyecheon stream, the traditional neighborhood of Insa-dong, the Confucian Jongmyo shrine, and Jogyesa, the chief temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. The district also has a number of museums, including Art Center Nabi and Gahoe Museum. It also has the main campuses of Sungkyunkwan University and Baewha Women's University.

The area is also home to the Gwanghwamun Plaza and Seoul Plaza.[5][6] It also has the statue of Admiral Yi Sun-sin and a statue of King Sejong.[7]

History

Hanyang

Donggwoldo, the landscape painting depicting the two royal palaces in Jongno.

Jongno district was historically the center of Joseon & latterly the Korean Empire and retained its prominence in the modern era after the establishment of the Republic of Korea. Hanyang, the capital of Joseon, included Jongno district and Jung district. In October, 1394 (the third year of King Taejo's reign), Taejo Lee Seong-gye moved his capital from Gaegyeong to Hanyang.[8] The capital of Goryeo, Gaegyeong, had a strong base of traditional forces against Lee Seong-gye. In addition, the topography divination theory states that the new dynasty was unlucky due to its failure, and that it also moved to Hanyang with regard to water transport of rice and military geographical conditions. Following the relocation of the capital city, the Joseon government pushed for the construction of Hanyang, starting with the construction of Jongmyo. The construction of the main palace, Gyeongbok Palace and the separate palace, Changdeok Palace was done. In 1395, it was renamed as Hanyang Department. In 1399 (the first year of King Jeongjong's reign), the capital was moved to Gagyeong for a while because of the Prince's rebellion but, in 1405 (the fifth year of King Taejong's reign), the capital changed back to Hanyang. The city grew into a large city with about 200,000 people at King Sejong's time.

Economy

Jongno business district

As the traditional heart of Seoul, Jongno's central location continues to attract both local and foreign businesses to set up offices there and remains an important business district. Notable companies based in Jongno include Kumho Asiana Group, Kyobo Life, Lotte Group, SK Group, Hyundai Engineering & Construction, Daewoo E&C, Daelim Group, East Asia Daily and many more. The district also features numerous major business centers and office buildings housing businesses as well as diplomatic missions.

The headquarters of South Korean skincare retailer The Face Shop is located in the LG Gwanghwamun Building on Sinmunno 2-ga.[9]

The head office of Air Seoul is in the Kumho Asiana Main Tower in Sinmunno 1-ga, Jongro Gu.[10]

Culture and tourism

Tourism plays a major role in the district's economy. Several of the most well-known attractions are located in the district, as is Gwanghwamun Plaza which attracts huge numbers of tourists every year given its central location. In addition, the tourist areas of Insa-Dong and Bukchon Hanok Village also attract huge numbers of visitors. Another popular tourist destination is Gwangjang Market, previously called Dongdaemun Market. It is one of the oldest traditional markets in the country and is visited by approximately 65,000 each day.[11][12]

Politics and government

Central Government Complex main building.

Jongno district is considered as the most important district in South Korean politics, as it is located in the heart of Seoul, and thus in the heart of the Republic of Korea.[13][14] The district was the home to the official residence of the President, the Blue House (Cheongwadae) until 2022, and two of the three largest plazas in Seoul (the first being Gwanghwamun Plaza, and the other Cheonggye Plaza), making the district the first constituency to appear in the National Election Commission's election statistics, and in exit polls for every nationwide election. Because of the significance in politics the district has, every political party carefully selects its own candidate to run in every election, and even most minor parties nominate their candidates to run in the district while they choose not to nominate candidates in other constituencies in Seoul.

Jongno has elected three presidents to represent it in the National Assembly: Yun Posun, Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bak. Although Jongno is named as 'district', but its residents are entitled to elect their own mayor and form their own district council, as 25 districts in Seoul——including Jongno——have city-equivalent status. The City of Seoul has province-equivalent status and its mayor is regarded as a cabinet-minister-level position. The mayorship is regarded as a higher position than any other provincial governors, as these positions are regarded as deputy minister level positions.[15]

Traditionally, the district has been regarded as a Conservative stronghold riding in Seoul, since Seoul natives and rich people used to form a majority in terms of resident numbers in towns such as Pyeongchang, Samcheong-dong, Sajik-dong, Jongro 1 and 4. However, as Democrats gradually gained power in the Sudogwon region in the 2010s, and eventually making the region their stronghold, the party also gained power in the district, thanks to the votes of Sungkyunkwan University students in Hyehwa-dong and residents of relatively lower income in towns such as Changsin-dong and Sungin-dong.

As of June 2020, the district was regarded as Democratic stronghold, as are many other constituencies in Seoul.[16] The district was represented by Lee Nak-yon, a Democrat, former Prime Minister and leader of his party, who resigned his office to run for the Korean presidency; the city government was led by Kim Yeong-jong, a three-term mayor who served from July 2010 to November 2021, and also a Democrat.

The Conservative People Power Party made a comeback in the district when Choi Jae-hyung was elected as National Assembly member for Jongno in the by-elections of March 2022. In the subsequent local elections in June, Chung Moon-heon, a member of the same party, was elected Mayor.

Cheongwadae

The headquarters of the Ministry of Security and Public Administration is located in the Seoul Government Complex in Jongno District.[17] The third and fourth floors of the same building house the Ministry of Unification.[18]

The headquarters of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is located in the MOFA Building in Jongno District.[19]

Previously the Ministry of Education had its headquarters in the Central Government Complex in Jongno District.[20] The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism also had its headquarters in Jongno District.[21] The Ministry of Health and Welfare had its headquarters in the Hyundai Building.[22] The offices of those ministries have moved to Sejong City.

Before merged into another ministry in 2008, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries was located in Jongro-gu.[23] It was re-established in Sejong City.

Diplomatic missions

Being at the center of the city, the district hosts numerous foreign embassies.[24]

District Council

The district council serves administrative functions such as Foreign Seal Registration, International Marriage, Adoption, Acknowledgement reports and Alien Registration Certificates for foreigners residing in Jongno District. In year 2022, current mayor of Jongno District is Chung, Moon Hun.[25]

Subdivisions

Administrative divisions

Those are some of the district administrative dongs (행정동). For a complete list, see here.[26]

Attractions

Education

Sister cities

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jongno-gu.

References

  1. ↑ Korean Statistical Information Service (Korean) > Population and Household > Census Result (2010) > Population by Administrative district, Sex and Age / Alien by Administrative district and Sex, Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  2. ↑ "Welcome To Jongno". Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  3. ↑ "Bosingak Belfry (보신각터) | Official Korea Tourism Organization". english.visitkorea.or.kr. Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  4. 1 2 "About Jongno-gu". Jongno-gu Official website. Archived from the original on 2004-08-05. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  5. ↑ "Popular plaza". Joongang Daily. 3 August 2009. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ↑ Hoh, Kui-Seek (3 August 2009). "The road less travelled, by cars". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  7. ↑ "Gwanghwamun Plaza: Let's Try to Turn New Place Into National Symbol". Korea Times. 2 August 2009. Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  8. ↑ "우리역사넷". contents.history.go.kr. Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Company location". The Face Shop official website. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  10. ↑ Home. Air Seoul. Retrieved on November 1, 2016. "Kumho Asiana Main Tower,76, SaemunanRo Jongro Gu Seoul" – Korean address: "(우)03185 서울특별시 종로구 새문안로 76 금호아시아나 본관"
  11. ↑ Yun Suh-young (14 February 2013). "Gwangjang Market: Seoul's quirky foodie paradise". The Korea Times. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  12. ↑ Choi, Won-hyeong (21 July 2012). "Taste of Humanism in the 107-Year-Old Memories of Gwangjang Market". Korea Focus. The Hankyoreh. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  13. ↑ "Welcome To Jongno". Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  14. ↑ The Korea Herald (Feb 9, 2020). "[Newsmaker] Jongno race bellwether of presidential election". www.koreaherald.com. Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  15. ↑ "Seoul mayor Park Won-soon shakes up S Korean politics". BBC News. Nov 15, 2011. Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  16. ↑ "(3rd LD) Ex-PM Lee wins against main rival Hwang in Seoul's Jongno". Yonhap News Agency. Apr 16, 2020. Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  17. ↑ "Location." (Archive) Ministry of Security and Public Administration. Retrieved on January 1, 2013. "209 Sejong-daero(Sejong-ro), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"
  18. ↑ "Location & Contact Info." (Archive) Ministry of Unification. Retrieved on January 1, 2013. "Ministry of Unification Address: Government Complex – Seoul, 209 Sejong-daero(Sejong-ro). Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea"
  19. ↑ "Location." (Archive) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea). Retrieved on January 1, 2014. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 60, Sajik-ro 8-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea (110–787)"
  20. ↑ "Contact Info Archived 2014-01-01 at archive.today." (Archive) The Globe Program. Retrieved on January 1, 2013. "Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development Central Government Complex, 77-6 Sejong-no, Jongno-gu Seoul, 110–760 South Korea"
  21. ↑ "Location." (Archive) Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. April 23, 2012. Retrieved on January 1, 2014. "Address: 215 Changgyeonggung-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110–360 Korea"
  22. ↑ "Location." (Archive) Ministry of Health and Welfare. Retrieved on January 1, 2014. "Ministry of Health & Welfare Hyundai Building 6~12 F" and "Ministry of Health & Welfare (MW): 75 Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea 110-793, call center 129"
  23. ↑ "Home (Archive.org)". Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  24. ↑ "주한공관주소록". 외교부. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  25. ↑ "종로구, 열린 청장실" (in Korean). Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  26. ↑ "Welcome To Jongno". Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  27. ↑ "Seoul National University Yeongeon Campus". Seoul National University College of Medicine. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  28. ↑ "Contact." Lycée International Xavier. Retrieved on 22 May 2014. "23, BIBONG-GIL (151, GUGI-DONG), JONGNO-GU, 110-804 SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA" – Address in Korean: "서울특별시 종로구 비봉길 23 (구기동 151) (우)110-804"
  29. ↑ "국제교류현황, 지자체별 (둥청구)" (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  30. ↑ "국제교류현황, 지자체별 (수흐바타르구)" (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  31. ↑ "국제교류현황, 지자체별 (랭카스터시)" (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  32. ↑ "국제교류현황, 지자체별 (산미겔데아옌데시)" (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
  33. ↑ "국제교류현황, 지자체별 (프라하1자치구)" (in Korean). Governors association of Korea. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
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