KIPP Inc.
Founded1994; 26 years ago
FounderMike Feinberg
Dave Levin
Type501(c)(3)
13-3875888[1]
FocusEducating students nationwide.
ServicesCharter schools
AffiliationsKIPP Foundation
Revenue (2016[1])
$139,512,988
Websitewww.kipp.org
110,000 students
270 schools (2021)

The Knowledge is Power Program, commonly known as KIPP, is a network of free open-enrollment college-preparatory public charter schools in low income communities throughout the United States. As of 2009, KIPP is America's largest network of public charter schools.[2] The head offices are in San Francisco, Chicago, New York City, and Washington, D.C.[3]

KIPP was founded in 1994 by Mike Feinberg and Dave Levin, two Teach For America corps members, influenced by educator Harriett Ball.[4][5] KIPP was one of the charter school organizations to help produce the Relay Graduate School of Education for teacher training.[6]

History

KIPP began in 1994 after co-founders Dave Levin and Mike Feinberg completed their two-year commitment to Teach For America. A year later, they launched a program for fifth graders in a public school in inner-city Houston, Texas. Feinberg developed KIPP Academy Houston into a charter school, while Levin went on to establish KIPP Academy New York in the South Bronx.[7]

KIPP Foundation

Doris and Donald Fisher, co-founders of Gap Inc., formed a partnership with Feinberg and Levin to replicate KIPP's operations nationwide.[8]

Operations

Application process

KIPP Gulfton in Greater Sharpstown, Houston, Texas, serving Gulfton
KIPP teachers in 2017 Capital Pride parade

If there are more applicants than seats available, KIPP students are admitted through a lottery system.[9] After a student is selected from the lottery and the student decides that he or she would like to attend a KIPP school, a home visit is set up with a teacher or the principal of the school, who meets with the family and students to discuss expectations of all students, teachers and the parents in KIPP. Students, parents, and teachers are then all required to sign a KIPP commitment of excellence, agreeing to fulfill specific responsibilities, promising that they will do everything in their power to help the student succeed and go to college.[10]

School structure

KIPP has extended school days to offer extra-curricular activities, and some schools add three extra weeks of school in July. Most KIPP schools run from 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.[11] Students spend that time in the classroom—up to 50 percent more time than in traditional public schools, depending on the region—and doing activities like sports, performing arts, and visual arts. Many of the activities KIPP offers might otherwise be inaccessible to students because of cost or scheduling issues. Because of this, the extended day offers students and families opportunities they might not get elsewhere.

Controversy

In February 2018, Feinberg was removed from his position at KIPP due to sexual misconduct allegations involving a KIPP middle school student in the late 1990s and two KIPP employees in the early 2000s.[12] Feinberg denied the accusation by the middle school student, and reached a financial settlement with one of the two KIPP employees.

In 2022, it was revealed the KIPP's director of technology had embezzled $2.2 million which he spent on cars and sports memorabilia which was intended for laptops and other equipment. The official killed himself as the investigation was underway.[13] KIPP claimed that the fraud was an isolated incident.[13]

At a KIPP middle school in New York, a teacher was arrested after accusations of grooming and sexually abusing a student for years starting when she was in fourth grade. According to the complaint, the teacher had made other students uncomfortable with inappropriate touching.[14]

KIPP's Houston charter schools were found to have charged parents unallowable and impermissible fees. Parents said they felt they were duped into what they understood would be a free education. [15] KIPP claimed that the fraud was an isolated incident.[15]

Peer group

KIPP and similar operators of multiple charter schools are known as charter management organizations (CMOs). KIPP is the largest, with 270 schools.[16]

Some for-profit rivals have shied away from managing any brick-and-mortar schools and offer online curricula and other services. These companies, including Stride, Inc. and EdisonLearning, are known as education management organizations (EMOs). Stride was the largest in the US in 2011–2012.[17]

Outside comments

In June 2010, Mathematica Inc. produced the first findings[18] from a multi-year evaluation of KIPP: "Using a matched comparison group design, results show that for the vast majority of KIPP schools in the evaluation, impacts on students' state assessment scores in math and reading are positive, statistically significant, and educationally substantial."

A February 2007 strategy paper[19] for the Brookings Institution think tank commented favorably on the accomplishment of KIPP.

At the vanguard of experimentation with educational methods and techniques are charter schools: public schools that operate outside the normal governance structure of the public school system. In recent years, charter schools such as the Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP) and Achievement First have upended the way Americans think about educating disadvantaged children, eliminating the sense of impossibility and hopelessness and suggesting a set of highly promising methods.

A research report published in March 2005 by the Economic Policy Institute in book form as The Charter School Dust-Up: Examining the Evidence on Enrollment and Achievement,[20] however, described the degree to which KIPP's admission process selects for likely high achievers:

KIPP students, as a group, enter KIPP with substantially higher achievement than the typical achievement of schools from which they came. ... [T]eachers told us either that they referred students who were more able than their peers, or that the most motivated and educationally sophisticated parents were those likely to take the initiative to pull children out of the public school and enroll in KIPP at the end of fourth grade. Today, KIPP Schools have added Pre-K through 12th grade schools. A clear pattern to emerge from these interviews was that almost always it was students with unusually supportive parents or intact families who were referred to KIPP and completed the enrollment process.

The authors of The Charter School Dust-Up said that KIPP's admission process self-screens for students who are motivated, compliant, and come from similarly motivated, compliant and supportive families. The 2010 Mathematica Policy Research study found that KIPP schools had a "lower concentration of special education and limited English proficiency students than the public schools from which they draw".[21]

Some KIPP schools show high rates of attrition, especially for those students entering the schools with the lowest test scores. A 2008 study by SRI International found that while KIPP fifth-grade students who enter with below-average scores significantly outperform peers in public schools by the end of year one, "60 percent of students who entered fifth grade at four Bay Area KIPP schools in 2003–04 left before completing eighth grade",[22] although research on attrition at one KIPP school in Massachusetts differs.[23] The SRI report also discusses student mobility due to changing economic situations for student's families, but does not directly link this factor into student attrition. Figures for schools in all states are not readily available.

While KIPP's goal is that 75% of KIPP students graduate from college, a report they released in April 2011 stated that the college graduation rate for students who completed the first middle school program in 1999 and 2000 was about 33%.[24][25][26] The report states that 95% of the students completed high school, 89% of the students went to college, and 33% of the students earned a degree. For comparison, for students in a similar economic background to that which KIPP draws from. only 70% complete high school, 41% go to college, and 8% earn a four-year degree.[27] Overall in the United States 83% of students complete high school, 62% enroll in college, and 31% complete a four-year degree.[27]

For the overall graduation rate for students entering college in the United States one study found a 56% result (Pathways to Prosperity Study),[28] and another study found 54% graduated (American Dream 2.0 Report).[29]

KIPP's goal of a 75% college graduation rate is close to the 82% college graduation rate for students coming from the highest income quartile.[30]

Jay Mathews, writing for The Washington Post, was encouraged by the results from the KIPP report, although he pointed out that the sample size was only 200 students, and that after graduating from the KIPP middle school the students were no longer attending a KIPP school.[24] Both Matthews and Kay S. Hymowitz writing for City Journal found the 75% goal to be ambitious.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "KIPP Inc. Form 990 2016". ProPublica. May 9, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  2. ↑ "Do charter schools work? Time for a test". The Economist. June 11, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  3. ↑ "KIPP Foundation Offices." KIPP Foundation. Retrieved on July 17, 2011. "San Francisco, CA (Head office) KIPP Foundation 135 Main Street, Suite 1700 San Francisco, CA 94105"
  4. ↑ "KIPP Charter Schools History - KIPP Public Charter Schools".
  5. ↑ "Remembering Pioneering Educator Harriett Ball". All Things Considered. February 14, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
  6. ↑ Green, Elizabeth (February 14, 2011). "A new graduate school of education, Relay, to open next fall". Chalkbeat. Retrieved September 15, 2004.
  7. ↑ Mathews, Jay. Work hard. Be nice. Algonquin Books. 2009.
  8. ↑ Eger, Andrea. "KIPP schools co-founder sees growth potential". Tulsa World. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  9. ↑ Lavon, Roy. "Real Justice in the Age of Obama". Princeton University Press. NJ. 2009.
  10. ↑ Ravitch, Diane "The death and life of the great American School system" NY New York. 2010
  11. ↑ "The underworked American: Children are exceptions to the country's work ethic". The Economist. June 11, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  12. ↑ Hartocollis, Anemona (February 22, 2018). "Michael Feinberg, a Founder of KIPP Schools, Is Fired After Misconduct Claims". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  13. 1 2 Massimo, Rick (August 30, 2022). "Federal prosecutors: Former Hyattsville mayor defrauded KIPP DC of $2.2 million". WTOP. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  14. ↑ Elsen-Rooney, Michael (January 7, 2022). "KIPP NYC teacher arrested for sexually abusing student, principal ousted over response". Daily News. New York City. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  15. 1 2 Webb, Shelby (June 29, 2017). "Some KIPP Houston schools charged unallowable fees, agency finds". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  16. ↑ Matthews, Jay. "Why nation's biggest charter network dumped its slogan, 'Work hard. Be nice.'". Washington Post. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  17. ↑ "Charter School Operators". In Perspective. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  18. ↑ "Student Characteristics and Achievement in 22 KIPP Middle Schools" Archived 2013-05-31 at the Wayback Machine, Mathematica Policy Research Archived 2010-08-13 at the Wayback Machine, June 2010
  19. ↑ "An Education Strategy to Promote Opportunity, Prosperity, and Growth" (PDF). Archived from the original on November 1, 2007. Retrieved August 17, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Brookings Institution, February 2007
  20. ↑ The Charter School Dust-Up: Examining the evidence on enrollment and achievement, Teachers College Press, March 2005
  21. ↑ "Student Characteristics and Achievement in 22 KIPP Middle Schools" (PDF). Mathematica Policy Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 31, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  22. ↑ "New Study Finds San Francisco Bay Area KIPP Students Outperform Peers" (Press release). SRI International. September 16, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
  23. ↑ Angrist, J. D.; Dynarski, S. M.; Kane, T. J.; Pathak, P. A.; Walters, C. R. (2012). "Who Benefits from KIPP?" (PDF). Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 31 (4): 837–860. doi:10.1002/pam.21647. hdl:1721.1/73139. S2CID 376193.
  24. 1 2 Mathews, Jay (April 29, 2011). "KIPP criticizes its college graduation record". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  25. ↑ "College Completion Report". KIPP Public Charter Schools | Knowledge Is Power Program. KIPP: Knowledge is Power Program. Retrieved March 18, 2013. April 2011
  26. ↑ Hymowitz, Kay S. (June 28, 2011). "Still No Sign of Superman". Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  27. 1 2 "College Completion Report". KIPP Public Charter Schools | Knowledge fIs Power Program. KIPP: Knowledge is Power Program. Retrieved March 18, 2013. April 2011, (see page 9 of the report (page 11 of the issued document))
  28. ↑ Carlozo, Lou (March 27, 2012). "Why college students stop short of a degree". Reuters. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  29. ↑ Resmovits, Joy (January 24, 2013). "College Dropout Crisis Revealed In 'American Dream 2.0' Report". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  30. ↑ "College Completion Report". KIPP Public Charter Schools | Knowledge Is Power Program. KIPP: Knowledge is Power Program. Retrieved March 19, 2013. April 2011, (see page 7 of the report (page 9 of the issuu document))
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