Kambar
Statue of Kambar, Marina Beach, Chennai
Statue of Kambar, Marina Beach, Chennai
BornKavichakravarthy Kamban
1180 (1180) CE
Therazhundur, Chola Empire
(present-day Kuthalam, Tamil Nadu, India)
Died1250 CE (aged 69-70)
Nattarasankottai, Pandya Empire
(present-day Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu, India)
OccupationPoet
LanguageTamil
Notable worksRamavataram

Silai Elupatu
Mangala Valtu
Saraswati Antati
Sadagopar Antati
Tirukkai Valakkam
Erelupatu
Kangai Puranam

Tondaiman

Kambar or Kavichakravarthy Kamban (1180 CE–1250 CE)[1] was an Indian Tamil poet and the author of the Ramavataram, popularly known as Kambaramayanam, the Tamil version of the epic Ramayana.[2] Kambar also authored other literary works in Tamil, such as Tirukkai Valakkam, Erelupatu, Silai Elupatu, Kangai Puranam, Sadagopar Antati and Saraswati Antati.[2]

Life

Kambar was born in Therazhundur. His father was a wealthy farmer named Sadaiyepa Vallal.[3] He grew up the Chola Empire under the reign of Kulothunga III. Having heard of this talented bard, Kulothunga summoned him to his court and honoured him with the title Kavi Chakravarty (The Emperor of Poets).[2]

Kambar flourished in Therazhundur, a village in the culturally rich Nagapattinam District in the modern state of Tamil Nadu in South India.

Kambar is generally dated after the Vaishnavite philosopher, Ramanuja, as the poet refers to the latter in his work, the Sadagopar Antati.[4]

Kamban was a great scholar of both Tamil and Sanskrit—two of India's oldest and richest languages in terms of literary works. In a scholarly biography, Kavichakravarty Kamban, Mahavidwan R. Raghava Iyengar wrote in detail about Kambar.

Kambar spent his last days in Nattarasankottai (known for Kannathal temple) near to Sivagangai town and his tomb is situated there. It is said that Kambar after having differences with Kulothunga's son, Rajaraja III, he left the Chola kingdom and moved from place to place. When he reached at Nattarasankottai, he was very thirsty and asked water in one house at Nattarasankottai. He was offered buttermilk in return and he became very happy and decided to stay there itself and spent his last days there. He lived there till his death. There is tomb in Nattarasankottai and every year a celebration called Kamban vizha is conducted at this place to felicitate Kambar.

Literary works

Kamba Ramyanam Mandapam at The Ranganathasamy Temple, Srirangam, the place where Kambar is believed to have first recited the epic
  • Kamba Ramayanam (also called Ramavataram) - Retelling of the Indian epic Ramayana in Tamil. Work covers 11,000 stanzas.
  • Saraswati Antati - Literary work of style Antati in praise of Hindu Goddess Saraswati
  • Sadagopar Antati - Literary work of style Antati in praise of Vaishnava Saint Nammalvar
  • Silai Elupatu - Work in praise of 11th century Pallava king Karunakara Tondaiman
  • Tirukkai Valakkam
  • Erelupathu
  • Kangai Puranam
  • Mangala Valtu, a lengthy song composed by Kambar, is usually sung on the wedding ceremony of Kongu Vellalar community. In that wedding ceremony, the brother of the bride and sister of the groom play significant roles.

Kamba Ramayanam

Statue of Kambar at Chennai

The original version of Ramayana was written by Valmiki. It is an epic of 24,000 verses which depicts the journey of Rama, a prince of Ayodhya who belonged to Raghuvamsha (Solar dynasty). In Hinduism, Rama is the seventh incarnation of Vishnu, one of the Trimurti (the Hindu holy trinity which includes Brahma and Shiva).

The Ramavataram or Kamba Ramayanam of Kamban is an epic of about 11,000 stanzas.[5][6] The Rama-avataram or Rama-kathai as it was originally called was accepted into the holy precincts in the presence of Vaishnava Acharya Nathamuni.[7]

Kamba Ramayana is not a verbal translation of the Sanskrit epic by Valmiki, but a retelling of the story of Rama.[7]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kambar (poet).
  1. ↑ "Kamban." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 23 December 2011. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kampan
  2. 1 2 3 The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia By Edward Balfour
  3. ↑ India's Communities by Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India – Ethnology – 1992 – 4146 pages
  4. ↑ Robert Caldwell (1875). A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages. Trübner, 1875. p. 136.
  5. ↑ Legend of Ram By Sanujit Ghose
  6. ↑ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 212.
  7. 1 2 Rays and Ways of Indian Culture By D. P. Dubey
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