Karafuto Prefecture (樺太庁 Karafuto-chō), commonly called South Sakhalin, was the Japanese administrative division corresponding to Japanese territory on southern Sakhalin island from 1905 to 1945.

Karafuto may also refer to:

• Karafuto, a Japanese name of Sakhalin, now an island in Russia
• Karafuto Fortress, the defensive unit formed by the Karafuto fortification installations, and the Karafuto detachment of Japanese forces in Karafuto Prefecture
• Karafuto Shrine, a Shinto shrine in Toyohara, Karafuto Prefecture

See also

• Karafuto-Ken or Sakhalin Husky, a breed of dog used as a sled dog
• Karafuto 1945 Summer Hyosetsu no Mon, 1974 Japanese film based on the Soviet Union's military action on Karafuto during the Soviet–Japanese War near the end of World War II