Ancient Katzrin
קצרין העתיקה
Entrance to the 6th-century Qasrin synagogue
Katzrin ancient village and synagogue is located in the Golan Heights
Katzrin ancient village and synagogue
Shown within the Golan Heights
LocationGolan Heights
RegionGolan Heights
Coordinates32°59′31″N 35°41′28″E / 32.992°N 35.691°E / 32.992; 35.691
History
Abandoned8th century CE
Site notes
Conditionruins, partially rebuilt for educational purposes
Public accessyes, as "Ancient Katzrin Park"

The Katzrin ancient village and synagogue (Hebrew: קצרין העתיקה; also Qasrin and Kasrin, from the Arabic Qisrin[1]) is an open-air museum located in the Golan Heights on the outskirts of the Israeli settlement of Katzrin. It features the partially reconstructed remains of a village from the 4th-8th century CE, that is: mainly from the Byzantine period, but starting from the Late Roman and extending into the Early Muslim era (Rashidun and Umayyad periods), or in Jewish terms from the Talmudic period.[1][2]

History: archaeological site and park

Reconstructed arches leaing against the ashlar-built synagogue (on the right)

The ancient Jewish farming village of Katzrin was built around a spring, which still flowed until recently. Above-ground ruins already existed at the site, and archaeological excavations have increased the number of accessible ancient buildings. An ancient synagogue was discovered in 1967 and excavated between 1971 and 1984. Other parts of the village were excavated beginning in 1983. Some of the buildings have been reconstructed on their ancient foundations and furnished with replicas of household goods and tools. An ancient wine press and olive press have also been made functional with new ropes and beams. Costumed guides demonstrate and explain in Hebrew and English construction methods, agricultural and manufacturing processes.[3][1]

Synagogue

History

The Katzrin Synagogue was built in the 6th century CE atop a more modest, probably late-4th-century synagogue.[4] Fragments of a mosaic floor have been found. The synagogue was apparently destroyed by the catastrophic 749 earthquake. In the Mamluk period, part of the standing ruin was roofed and used as a mosque. After a brief period, this use and the village itself were abandoned until 1967.

Description

The synagogue had two rows of four columns each. The building was two stories tall with rows of windows at the top of the walls. The roof was built of wooden beams covered with ceramic tiles. In the southern wall, which faces Jerusalem, two massive stone steps lead to a raised stone platform (bimah). It is thought that a wooden Torah ark would have stood here. Under the bimah there is a long, stone-paved space thought to have served as a geniza (storage space for sacred texts no longer in use). The walls were plastered and painted white, with the lower walls decorated with red geometric motifs. The walls were lined with stone benches in the form of a double step.[5]

The basalt lintel of one of the houses unearthed in the Golan bears a Hebrew inscription that reads: "This is the beit midrash of Rabbi Elazar the Caper Maker."[6] This discovery ties in with a discussion in the Talmud that revolves around wearing new shoes on the Sabbath: What are new shoes? Shoes that have not “walked” a certain distance, in this case the distance between the synagogue at Katzrin and the beit midrash of Rabbi Elazar the Caper Maker.[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Reflections on a Reconstruction of Ancient Qasrin Village, The reconstructed past: reconstructions in the public interpretation of archaeology and history, Ann Killebrew, John H. Jameson, Rowman Altamira, 2004, pp. 127-146
  2. ↑ Talmudic village on Safed.co.il, at "The Golan Heights" page
  3. ↑ Archaeology in Israel: Katzrin, at Jewish Virtual Library, publisher: American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE)
  4. ↑ Zvi Uri Ma'oz; Ann E. Killebrew (March 1988). "Ancient Qasrin—Synagogue and Village". The Biblical Archaeologist. 51 (1): 5–19. doi:10.2307/3210034. JSTOR 3210034. S2CID 134075075. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  5. ↑ Jewish time-travel: a travel narrative and guide to Jewish historic sites in Europe and Israel Mae E. Sander, Jason Aronson, 2000, p. 155
  6. ↑ The Emergence of Judaism: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective, Christine Hayes
  7. ↑ Eretz Magazine:Stayput Golan
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