The Banu Khurman were a local tribe in Wadi Ajal and the Murzuq region in the Fezzan (present-day Libya).[1][2] They are have also historically been referred to as "Qurmān", "Husmān", or “Khurmān".[3] They have been identified by some writers as probable descendants of the Garamantes.[2][1]

At an uncertain date, perhaps around 1500, they established their domination over the Fezzan region, following the Kanem Empire's loss of power in this region.[4][1] In 1320, the Banu Khurman raged a deadly war against the Kanem empire and their vassals in the region.[5] Some time after their war with Kanem, in 1330 the Banu Khurman led a large campaign against Ghadames. Some Arab sources[6] suggest Hafsid involvement, but no clear sources suggest that they were able to capture Ghadames.

Their domination of the Fezzan region was later usurped by the Awlad Muhammad tribe, which remained a dominant force here until the early 19th century.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Braun, Klaus; Passon, Jacqueline (2020). Across the Sahara: Tracks, Trade and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Libya. Springer Nature. p. 155. ISBN 978-3030001452. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  2. 1 2 Willis, John Ralph (1985). Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa: The servile estate. Psychology Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-7146-3201-8.
  3. ↑ Martin, B. G. (1969). "Kanem, Bornu, and the Fazzan: Notes on the Political History of a Trade Route". The Journal of African History. 10 (1): 20. doi:10.1017/S0021853700009257. JSTOR 180293. S2CID 162910915. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  4. 1 2 Martin, B. G. (December 1983). "Ahmad Rasim Pasha and the Suppression of the Fazzan Slave Trade, 1881-1896". Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. 38 (4): 557–558, 563. JSTOR 40759666. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  5. ↑ Adhikel, Hossan Edhikel Ali (2022). "Historical Linke between the Fezzan region the state of kanem borno 656 -957 AH/1258 -1550AD". Journal of Human Sciences. 21 (2): 188–198. doi:10.51984/johs.v21i2.2020. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  6. ↑ عبد الله خليفة الخباط,العلاقات السياسية بين إيالة طرابلس الغرب وانجلترا 1795-1832م (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-03-10.
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