Naver Corporation
Native name
네이버 주식회사
Neibeo Jusikhoesa
TypePublic
KRX: 035420
IndustryConglomerate
FoundedJune 2, 1999 (1999-06-02)
FounderLee Hae-jin
HeadquartersGreen Factory, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, South Korea
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Choi Soo-Yeon, CEO
RevenueIncrease ₩ 6.8 trillion (2021)[1]
Increase ₩ 1.3 trillion (2021)
Increase ₩ 16.4 trillion (2021)
Total assetsIncrease ₩ 33.6 trillion (2021)
Number of employees
4,103 (excl. subsidiaries, 2021)[2]
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.navercorp.com

The Naver Corporation is a South Korean internet conglomerate headquartered in Seongnam that operates the search engine Naver. Naver established itself as an early pioneer in the use of user-generated content through the creation of the online Q&A platform Knowledge iN.

On August 1, 2013, Naver decided to split with Hangame, a corporation which it had grown together with as NHN Corporation for 13 years.[4] On October 1, 2013, the company adopted its current name Naver Corporation in order to reflect the change, restoring its pre-merger name. Hangame is now overseen by NHN Entertainment Corporation. Naver's current affiliates include Snow, Naver Labs, Naver Webtoon, NAVER Cloud, and Works Mobile. The company is currently cooperating with IT startups in order to evolve into a tech-based platform.

History

1999–2000: Establishment and launch of services

Naver Corporation was first established in June 1999 under the name of Naver Comm. Along with its search engine Naver, the company also launched a service for children named Junior Naver. In July 2000, Naver merged with Hangame Communications Inc. and several other companies including Oneque and Search Solutions.

In August 2000, Naver began its 'comprehensive search' service, which allows users to get a variety of results from a search query on a single page, organized by type (for example blogs, webpages, images, cafes, etc.). In September 2000, Naver established Hangame Japan.

2001–2012: Renaming and worldwide expansion

In 2001, NAVER Comm was renamed NHN Corporation (Next Human Network), although both divisions—Naver and Hangame—continued to operate under their original brand names. NHN also stood for (NAVER, Hangame, Network).

In 2002, NHN was registered on the KOSDAQ stock exchange, and launched the online Q&A service Naver Knowledge iN. In 2003, NHN merged all Japanese subsidiaries into NHN Japan. In 2005, Naver began the online donation service: Happy Bean. It also established its US branch under the name NHN USA. In 2007, it launched Naver Japan in order to pursue its search engine business in Japan. Meanwhile, NHN USA officially opened its American game service, ijji. However, it later sold away its 100% stake to Aeria Games.[5]

In 2008, NHN appeared on the Forbes Global 2000 list for the first time. That same year, NHN had the largest market capitalization among KOSDAQ-listed companies before being transferred to the KOSPI market in November. In 2009, Kim Sang-Hun of NHN and Jing-Wan Kim of Samsung were the only South Korean CEOs to appear on Forbes' Asia's Fab 50 list.

In 2010 NHN bought Livedoor, a Japanese ISP and blog platform. In the same year, the company moved into its new headquarters now known as the Green Factory.

In June 2011, NHN Japan launched Line, a messaging application that quickly soared in usage. In 2012, NHN announced that it planned to invest ₩1.5 billion (equivalent to ₩1.59 billion or US$1.41 million in 2017)[6] in developing ten social media games. In the same year, NHN Japan, Naver Japan and Livedoor were all merged into one company: NHN Japan. In August, NHN also established its Singapore branch NHN Singapore.

2013–2015: Splitting from NHN

In 2013, NHN launched its subsidiary companies Camp Mobile and Line Plus. NHN was split into Naver Corporation and NHN Entertainment, the latter being formerly known as Hangame. Similarly, NHN Japan separated into Line Corporation (web services) and Hangame Japan (game services). In June, Naver became the first web company in Korea to build and operate its own data center, Data Center GAK, which was built in Chuncheon, Gangwon Province.[7]

In 2015, Naver launched Works Mobile for B2B collaboration businesses and merged with Entry Education Labs, which is a software education platform company. In the same year, global revenues began exceeding ₩1 trillion (equivalent to ₩1.03 trillion or US$910.54 million in 2017)[6] due to the growth of global affiliate services such as LINE.

2016–2020: Listing and further expansion

Naver's annual revenue for 2016 was 4.02 trillion won.[8] In 2016, Line Corporation was double listed on both the NYSE and the TSE. In August 2016, Naver spun off its app SNOW into a separate subsidiary company, Snow Corp.[9][10] Naver also began Project Flower, a project which aims to support small businesses and creators by cooperating with them on various projects. In September 2016, Naver and its affiliate Line announced that they would invest a combined 100 million euros (US$112 million) into K-Fund 1. K-Fund 1 is a European startup accelerator fund operated by Korelya Capital, which is an investment firm established by Fleur Pellerin, the Korean-born former French minister overseeing small and medium enterprises in the digital economy.[11]

In 2017, Naver established its subsidiary companies Snow, Naver Labs, and Naver Webtoon. Naver opened Space Green, which is a startup space inside Station F, a startup incubator space located in France. Naver also acquired Xerox Research Centre Europe, located in the French city Grenoble, rebranding it as Naver Labs Europe.[12]

2021–present: Global expansion

In mid-January 2021, Naver announced the acquisition of Wattpad for US$600 million.[13]

In March 2021 Line Corporation merged with Yahoo Japan, which has been operated by Z Holdings, a SoftBank Group subsidiary.[14] Under the new structure, Naver and SoftBank Corp., which is the wireless carrier unit of SoftBank Group, each hold 50 percent stakes in a new company named A Holdings Corp., which holds a majority stake in Z Holdings, which will operate Line and Yahoo Japan.[14][15][16] Upon integrating the two businesses and creating further platforms, the merged company aims to compete with the U.S. tech giants Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple and the Chinese tech giants Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent,[15] as well as the Japanese e-commerce giant Rakuten.[14] The merger also gives Z Holdings three additional Asian markets where Line is popular: Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia.[14]

In May 2021, Naver partnered with CJ Group’s CJ ENM to acquire Munpia Inc, the third largest web-novel platform in Korea.[17]

In October 2022, Naver agreed to buy social commerce marketplace Poshmark for a total enterprise value of US$1.2 billion,[18] which finalized in January 2023.[19]

Products and services

Based on the influence of its core search engine service, Naver has also developed new business models in online advertisement, content, and deep-tech through research and development.

Search engine

Naver was the first Korean web provider to develop its own search engine. It was also the first operator to introduce the comprehensive search service (which refers to optimized search results from various categories such as news, maps, images and so on, presented on a single page). The search engine has since grown to offer a variety of related services including e-mail, mapping, e-commerce, social media, wireless payments, and online streaming.

Junior Naver

Junior Naver, also known as Juniver, is a children's search service that began in 1999. Junior Naver provides various services for children of each age range, such as Pororo Play Time (educational content for aged 3~5), Pany's Room (decoration simulator using Pany Pang characters), Children's song world, and Children's story world—as well as a Disney Zone for Disney Channel shows and animations. The application and the mobile version were each launched in 2011 and 2012 in order to provide contents in streaming form rather than having to download them. Junior Naver also operates a parental monitoring system that blocks harmful or inappropriate information. Meanwhile, Junior Naver's "Gameland" service was officially terminated in February 2019.

Knowledge iN

In 2002, Naver set up one of the first Q&A webpages, Knowledge iN.[20] The service allows users to post questions on any subject, and select from answers submitted by other users, points are awarded to users with the most helpful answers.[21]

Knowledge iN also offers an Open Dictionary function, which is a database of informative articles generated by users. Users can create an article on their own, or enable other users to collaborate by creating a thread of articles on the same subject. There is also an 'Ask an Expert' category where licensed doctors, veterinarians, pharmacists, lawyers, tax accountants, and labor attorneys answer users' questions. As of May 2016, Knowledge iN had 100 million questions, 200 million answers, and 47 million accumulated users.[22]

Cafe and Blog

Naver Cafe and Blog are user-generated content (UGC) platforms where users post specialized contents on various themes. Cafe allows users to create communities on various topics, and Blog gives any user the chance to manage their own personal blog. There were 10.5 million Naver Cafes running in May 2017, making Naver the most visited Cafe platform in the country. 800,000 new contents are generated every day in 23 million Blogs and 10 million Cafes.

Dictionary and Encyclopedia

Naver Dictionary supports 34 categories, including English, Korean, Chinese, Chinese characters, Japanese, Global Communication, Vietnamese, Uzbek, Indonesian, Thai, Arabic, Khmer, Tamil, Mongolian, Hindi, Persian, Nepali, Swahili, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Turkish, Georgian, Albanian, Ukrainian, Romanian, Dutch, Swedish, Hungarian, Polish, and Czech as of May 30, 2017. It has the most languages among Korean dictionaries. Handwriting recognition is supported in Japanese and Chinese characters. Naver is also investing 10 billion won for the development of language dictionaries for five years beginning from 2016.

Naver Encyclopedia functions consist of a professional database with over 3 million entries from many different encyclopedias.

V Live

V Live was a global live streaming platform with videos and contents ranging from concert broadcasts to V originals (for example, real-time private shows for celebrities). There was also a subtitle service called V FANSUB which allows users to insert their own foreign-language subtitles to the videos.[23] The subtitle feature had attracted a large number of foreign viewers, as K-pop is gaining popularity in other countries. V Live had 35 million total downloads and 19 million monthly users. According to Alexa, as of May 2018 it is one of the 1000 most visited webpages globally.[24]

On January 27, 2021, it was announced that they would invest ₩354.8 billion ($321 million) in Hybe's technology subsidiary, Weverse Company Inc., acquiring 49% of the company. In return, the corporation would transfer its V Live streaming service to Weverse Company on March 2, 2022.[25] It was shut down after merging with Weverse on December 31, 2022.

In July 2017, Naver launched Papago, which is an AI-based mobile translator that uses a large neural network technology named N2MT (Naver Neural Machine Translation).[26] It can translate text and phrases in 15 different languages (Korean, English, Japanese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Spanish, French, German, Russian, Portuguese, Italian, Vietnamese, Thai, Indonesian, Hindi) by analyzing context instead of statistical analysis. Papago app has so far garnered over 16 million downloads.[27]

In June 2015, Naver launched its own payment service, Naver Pay, which allows mobile payment service and online checkout.[28]

Naver TV (Previously known as Naver TV Cast) is a web broadcast network which provides web dramas distributed by Naver as well as user created content with videos and live streams.

Naver NOW. is a streaming service available through Naver's app, that streams music and radio shows live 24-hours a day.[29][30]

In 2004, Naver Corporation launched its online comic service Naver Webtoon, which is now one of the largest Korean webtoon platforms. The service promotes a distinct infinite canvas layout as well as a weekly update system, and has gained a large amount of traction beginning from the late 2000s. The service received more than 6 million hits per day from unique visitors and had accumulated more than 29 billion total visits as of June 1, 2014.[31] In July 2014, Naver launched a global version of the service under the name of Line Webtoon. The userbase of Line Webtoon grew rapidly after the service was released globally, with 65 million users per month, 18 million among them being foreign users. Line Webtoon showcases approximately 870 works in seven languages: English, Mandarin, Cantonese, Taiwanese Indonesian, Thai, Spanish and French.[32] Various movies, Korean dramas, animated series, and video games have been produced based on Naver webtoons. According to JunKoo Kim in 2014, "a total of 189 books, videos and games based on [Naver] webtoons ha[d] either been produced or [were] in the process of being made."[33] Well-known works include The Sound of Your Heart, which was developed into a web series of the same name, Noblesse, and Tower of God. Fashion King and Cheese in the Trap were also each adapted into a film and television series respectively. In 2017, Naver split off its webtoon business into the subsidiary Naver Webtoon, which is also known by its alternative name Line Webtoon in foreign markets.

In addition, Naver Webtoon also manages a web-novel section specializing in online genre-novels since 2013. One of its most famous novels is Moonlight Drawn by Clouds, which was adapted into a successful television series of the same name starring Park Bo-gum and Kim Yoo-jung.

In October 2017, Naver officially released the PC version of Whale, its omni-tasking web browser supporting diverse features using AI technologies. Naver had been developing Whale for 5 years and had released a beta version in March.[34]

Clova

Clova is an AI platform integrating speech and image recognition and artificial neural network translation to provide an interactive engine. Clova is being integrated into Naver and Line services, Naver's smart speaker WAVE and Friends, smart display FACE, and other third-party devices.

Band

BAND, CAMP Mobile's first app released in August 2012, is a closed type of social network where groups can be formed according to type and purpose. The app has more than 80 million downloads with global users accounting for 30% of the user base, and currently supports 10 languages in over 168 countries. Band Game was also released in May 2014 to provide a competitive platform for both users and game companies. According to a survey conducted by the app data analysis firm Wiseapp in September 2017, Naver BAND is the second most-used social media service app for South Korean users, after Facebook. Its total usage time was 29 million hours, which was a 32 percent increase from the previous year. Naver Café came in third place, outperforming Instagram, Daum Café, Twitter, and Kakao Story.[35]

Grafolio

Grafolio is a creative community space where artists can share their artworks.

Former services

Me2day

Me2day was a microblog platform that allowed users to share messages of 150 characters in length. However, it shut down in June 2014, due to poor performance against global competitors such as Twitter and Facebook.[36]

Subsidiary companies

CAMP Mobile

CAMP Mobile was established in March 2013 and focuses on developing mobile services. While it originally began as a small venture project, Camp Mobile launched over 10 different apps in areas such as utilities, social networking, and e-commerce within four months of its establishment.

In 2012, the company launched its first app, Band, a social network application.

In 2015, the company also presented Watchmaster, an app that allows users to select their own smart watch home screen.

In November 2017, it was announced that Camp Mobile would be merged back into Naver Corporation in February 2018.[37]

SNOW

SNOW Corporation develops a photo and video application called SNOW, which is considered somewhat similar to Snapchat, since both apps suggest video as an alternative communication tool rather than text. SNOW first began in September 2015 as a guerrilla project in CAMP Mobile, but has spun off into its own company as of 2016 in order to give more focus to the global visual communication market.[38] SNOW allows users to take pictures or videos (of a maximum duration of 10 seconds) and choose from 1,300 stickers and 50 filters. They can also send them as messages that destroy themselves in 48 hours. The application has over 200 million users, mainly consisting of teenagers in Asian countries.

The firm is led by CEO Kim Chang-wook and its office is located in Pangyo, South Korea with approximately 200 employees.

NAVER LABS Corp. is Naver's R&D subsidiary developing future technologies in areas such as autonomous driving and artificial intelligence with the goal of achieving Ambient Intelligence. It first began as an R&D division within Naver in 2013, and was officially established in Pangyo in January 2017 with CEO Song Chang-Hyeon. Naver Labs has been working in areas such as Papago (an AI-based translation app), Whale (an omni-tasking browser), and robots. Products include the autonomous robot Around,[39] the in-vehicle information and entertainment platform Away,[40] as well as an autonomous vehicle project.[41]

In August 2017, Naver Labs acquired Xerox Research Center Europe (XRCE) for an undisclosed amount and renamed it.[42] Naver Labs Europe is the biggest industrial research center in Artificial Intelligence in France.[43]

NAVER Cloud Corporation provides services for Naver and its subsidiaries. NAVER Cloud has launched a cloud service called Naver Cloud Platform, and has also created a Data Center called GAK, which was a first for a domestic internet operator.

Works Mobile

Works Mobile Corporation provides a cloud-based office service called Line Works for B2B purposes. Functions include mail, calendar, address Book, N-drive, and web-office. Works Mobile has users mainly in Korea and Japan, but also targets the global B2B market.

Studio N

Studio N is the production company founded by Naver Webtoon in 2018 to produce original drama series based on their Korean webtoon IPs. Its shows include Hell Is Other People, Pegasus Market, and Sweet Home. [44][45][46]

Projects and foundations

Deview

Deview is a conference hosted by Naver since 2008, where developers from various countries share their technical knowledge and experience. Through several dozens of sessions, participants share in-depth knowledge in fields such as web, mobile, AI, big data, deep learning, robotics, and more. In 2017, 2,500 tickets went out in 15 seconds.[47]

Cultural Foundation

Naver Cultural Foundation, officially established in 2009. In 2010, the Naver Cultural Foundation launched a support program for indie musicians. In November of the same year, the foundation opened an online platform called 'Onstage' to introduce new up-and-coming indie bands.[48]

Connect Foundation

Connect Foundation is an independent nonprofit organization established by Naver in 2011. It promotes the dissemination of IT education as well as basic science and engineering education projects. Programs include public online classes, software training, math/science education, and design courses. In September 2017, Naver announced plans to donate 7 billion won (6.2 million dollars) to the Connect Foundation. As a result, Naver's total amount of donations to the Connect Foundation accumulated to 12 billion won (10.6 million dollars).[49]

D2 Startup Factory

D2 Startup Factory (D2SF) is an investment project that was launched in May 2015. As of 2017, it has invested in 16 start-ups with notable technical skills in areas such as AI, hardware, VR/AR and IoT. For example, in August 2017, it announced its investments in AI startups Furiosa AI, Deepixel, and CrowdWorks.[42] In September of the same year, D2SF held a Demo Day where it presented four start-ups that they were also investing in: Buzzmusiq (social visual playlist platform), Elice (online education platform for coders), Widevantage (producer of smart pens for iPad), and The Wave Talk (technology that automatically filters bacteria and drains contaminants from running water).[50] In June 2020, it invested in Vueron Technology which provides LiDAR perception software for autonomous driving and Advanced driver-assistance system(ADAS), and QSTAG providing a self-health monitoring platform.[51]

Project Flower

In 2016, Naver launched Project Flower, the company's long-term project to provide platform services that small enterprises and content creators can use.[52] As a business and content platform, Naver has 1.6 million local businesses, more than 400 professional webcomic authors, 150 web novel writers, 10,000 illustrators and 3,300 indie musicians. By providing more support for small businesses, the company said that it aims to attract more than 10,000 new small businesses to its platform every year and predicts that over 1,500 of them will earn more than 100 million won each in annual sales.[53] For content creators, Naver has expanded the application of its illustration content platform Grafolio to include not only illustrations but also photography, design, art and background music. It also holds original content exhibitions and events such as Creators' Day. Naver also diversifies the income structure of content creators by matching them with investors through crowdfunding and by connecting them to digital content marketplaces.[54]

Corporate affairs and culture

Employees and culture

As of 2021, Naver had 4,595 employees, excluding subsidiaries.[55] In 2014, Naver was awarded the Presidential Award for Excellent Enterprise in equal employment division by the ministry of Labor.

Green Factory

Green Factory Library
Green Factory Louvers

Naver's headquarters, located in Bundang-gu Seongnam-si of South Korea, is referred to as the Green Factory.

The construction of the Green Factory was completed in March 2010 with 27 floors above ground and 7 floors underground.

The steel and glass façade houses adjustable vertical louvers which restrict or allow sunlight to enter the building. The louvers are automatically closed and opened at times of sunrise and sunset, allowing the building to save energy. On special occasions, the façade displays different images such as the company's logo. Internal light is selectively blocked by a nocturnal automated louver system.[56]

The building is certified as 'Platinum' under the global green building design rating system LEED.[57]

Global offices

Naver currently has offices in Japan, US, France, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Indonesia.[55]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "4Q21 Earnings Result" (PDF). January 27, 2022.
  2. ↑ Naver Annual Report 2020. March 2021.
  3. ↑ https://www.navercorp.com/navercorp_/ir/auditReport/2020/NAVER_3Q20_Audit_Eng.pdf
  4. ↑ "네이버-한게임 13년 만에 분리 '독자경영' 체제로". inews24. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Aeria Games Acquires ijji Games in Conjunction With Investment Funding From NHN Corporation". www.businesswire.com. January 5, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  6. 1 2 1906 to 1911: Williamson J. (1999), Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage and Land Rent Data for Korea 1906-1939 1912 to 1939: Mizoguchi, T. (1972). Consumer Prices and Real Wages in Taiwan and Korea Under Japanese Rule. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 13(1), 40-56. Retrieved May 21, 2021. Afterwards, consumer price index from Statistics Korea. Consumer Price Index by year. Retrieved 3 April 2018
  7. ↑ "Naver to build $420m data center in Yongin, South Korea". DatacenterDynamics. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Naver breaks a record with sales of 4 trillion won". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  9. ↑ "[Corporate Announcement] Notice Regarding Investment in Snow Corporation | LINE Corporation | News". LINE Corporation. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  10. ↑ "Naver to spin off mobile photo editing app Snow". www.kita.org (in Korean). Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  11. ↑ Herald, The Korea (September 29, 2016). "Naver, LINE invest US$100m in France's Korelya Capital". Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Le Coréen Naver rachète le centre de recherche de Xerox à Grenoble - Le Monde Informatique". LeMondeInformatique (in French). Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Wattpad to be sold to South Korean internet giant for $600M US | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Yahoo Japan operator, Line merge to take on foreign tech giants". Kyodo News. March 1, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  15. 1 2 Masuda, Yoko (March 1, 2021). "Yahoo Japan, Line integrate businesses to be major '3rd force'". The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  16. ↑ Eun-Soo, Jin (March 1, 2021). "Naver and SoftBank's A Holdings joint venture established". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  17. ↑ Kim, Chae-yeon; Koo, Min-Ki (May 28, 2021). "Naver, CJ ENM join forces to acquire Korea's No.3 web novel platform". Korea Economic Daily. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  18. ↑ Lee, Joyce (October 3, 2022). "South Korea's Naver buys U.S. Poshmark in $1.2 billion deal, invites skepticism". Reuters.
  19. ↑ Zaczkiewicz, Arthur (January 5, 2023). "Naver Wraps Up Poshmark Acquisition". Women's Wear Daily.
  20. ↑ "Naver, The Google Of South Korea". Search Engine Land. July 5, 2007. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  21. ↑ Sang-Hun, Choe (July 5, 2007). "South Koreans Connect Through Search Engine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  22. ↑ "네이버 지식iN, 14년 동안 쌓인 빅데이터 기반으로 히스토리 되돌아보는 '지식iN 전당' 오픈". www.munhwa.com. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  23. ↑ "생방송 플랫폼 '실시간 번역'으로 해외 공략". Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  24. ↑ "Vlive.tv Traffic, Demographics and Competitors - Alexa". www.alexa.com. Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  25. ↑ Choi, Ji-won (January 31, 2021). "Big Hit partnership with Naver, YG Plus a win-win for entertainment industry". The Korea Herald. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Naver releases official version of AI-based translation app Papago - Pulse by Maeil Business News Korea". pulsenews.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  27. ↑ "Reasons why 'Papago' has grown up so fast during past 2 years - Written by Digital Daily Korea". www.ddaily.co.kr/ (in Korean). Retrieved October 11, 2018.
  28. ↑ Service Introduction, Official webpage of Naver Pay
  29. ↑ "설 연휴 네이버로 음악듣고 무료영화보고". Financial News (in Korean). January 24, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  30. ↑ "몬스타엑스 민혁 '보그싶쇼' 오늘 첫 방#네이버나우". kjdaily.com (in Korean). July 30, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  31. ↑ "LINE Webtoon Adapts Global Sensation Noblesse for First Animated Movie". PRWeb. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  32. ↑ "Actualités". french.yonhapnews.co.kr (in French). Retrieved December 6, 2017.
  33. ↑ Brown, Elizabeth (August 23, 2014). "Op-Ed: LINE Webtoon, a Web comic service, makes U.S. and global debut". Digital Journal.
  34. ↑ Herald, The Korea (March 13, 2017). "Naver to debut PC version of web browser Whale". Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  35. ↑ Jin-young, Cho (November 8, 2017). "Facebook Named Longest Time-used Social Media Service App by S. Korean Users". BusinessKorea. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  36. ↑ Herald, The Korea (November 5, 2013). "Domestic SNS Me2day to shut down next June". Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  37. ↑ 채희선 (November 27, 2017). "네이버 대표 모바일 자회사 사라진다…모회사와 합병". SBS NEWS (in Korean). Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  38. ↑ Mozur, Paul (July 5, 2016). "A South Korean Copy of Snapchat Takes Off in Asia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  39. ↑ "YES24 Introduces Autonomous Robot at its Busan Store | Be Korea-savvy". koreabizwire.com. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  40. ↑ Herald, The Korea (August 17, 2017). "Naver Labs unveils in-vehicle infotainment platform". Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  41. ↑ Jin-young, Cho (April 3, 2017). "Naver Unveils Autonomous Vehicle for First Time in Korea". BusinessKorea. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  42. 1 2 Herh, Michael (September 4, 2017). "Naver Shells Out 110 Billion Won for 13 AI-Related Investments This Year". BusinessKorea. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  43. ↑ Naver Labs Europe homepage, retrieved March 29, 2019
  44. ↑ Kim, Eun-jin (August 30, 2019). "'Strangers from Hell' comes to television". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  45. ↑ Kim Boram (September 23, 2019). "Kakao jumps into filmmaking industry". Yonhap News Agency.
  46. ↑ White, Peter (December 18, 2019). "'Sweet Home': 'Mr. Sunshine' Director Lee Eung-bok To Adapt Korean Horror Cartoon For Netflix". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  47. ↑ "15초 만에 참가신청 마감된 개발자 콘퍼런스 '데뷰 2017'". hankyung.com (in Korean). October 16, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  48. ↑ "Naver helps old stores navigate a new world". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  49. ↑ "네이버, 비영리법인 커넥트 재단에 70억원 증여" (in Korean). Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  50. ↑ "네이버 D2SF, 투자 스타트업 비전 공유 '데모데이' 진행". 뉴스웨이. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  51. ↑ "네이버D2SF, 라이다·헬스케어 2개 테크 스타트업에 투자 단행". IT비즈뉴스. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  52. ↑ Herald, The Korea (November 22, 2016). "Naver to become tech platform for small businesses, creators". Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  53. ↑ "Naver vows to support small businesses, content creators". koreatimes. April 25, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  54. ↑ "Naver vows to support small businesses, content creators". koreatimes. April 25, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  55. 1 2 "Company". Navercorp.com. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  56. ↑ "Facade".
  57. ↑ "NAVER Green Factory | U.S. Green Building Council". usgbc.org. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
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