Lady Gaga Enigma + Jazz & Piano
Residency by Lady Gaga
A colorful neon-lit image of Gaga's face with the residency name embossed on top.
Promotional poster for Enigma
LocationParadise, Nevada, United States
VenuePark Theater at Park MGM
Start dateDecember 28, 2018 (2018-12-28)
End dateOctober 5, 2023 (2023-10-05)
Legs7
No. of shows64
Attendance335,684
Box office$97 million
Websitevegas.ladygaga.com
Lady Gaga concert chronology

Lady Gaga Enigma + Jazz & Piano[1] is a concert residency by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga held at the Park Theater[lower-alpha 1] in the Las Vegas Valley, Nevada. The residency consists of two types of shows: Enigma, which focuses on theatricality and includes the singer's biggest hits, and Jazz & Piano, which involves songs from the Great American Songbook and stripped-down versions of Gaga's songs. The Enigma show was built around a loose storyline about "healing and finding yourself", and saw Gaga wearing various sci-fi inspired outfits. For Jazz & Piano, Gaga aimed for "glamour and elegance", with her wardrobe harkening back to the Jazz Age and vintage Vegas. The Enigma shows opened on December 28, 2018, and the Jazz & Piano shows opened on January 20, 2019. After a 21-month long hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the residency returned to the theater on October 14, 2021.

The Enigma show was complimented for its theatricality and Gaga's showmanship, although some reviewers found it disjointed, and deemed the narrative confusing and unnecessary. The Jazz & Piano concerts were critically acclaimed – journalists found them a nostalgic throwback to the "Golden Age" of Las Vegas, and praised Gaga's vocal skills. Enigma + Jazz & Piano became the highest grossing Las Vegas Valley concert residency of 2019. With the residency's gross, Gaga also became the fifth woman to pass the half-billion career total as per Billboard Boxscore.

Background and development

Park Theater,[lower-alpha 1] where the residency takes place

In December 2017, Lady Gaga announced her two-year Las Vegas Valley residency at Park Theater[lower-alpha 1] at Park MGM, starting in December 2018.[2] The deal is reportedly worth $100 million, includes 74 performances with a possible extension.[3][4] In July 2018, Ticketmaster website had mistakenly uploaded details about a "2 Show Bundle" for the residency with tentative name as Enigma and ticket sales from the end of that month. The link was quickly removed and the residency was finally announced on August 7, 2018.[5] It was named Lady Gaga Enigma with 27 dates, starting from December 28, 2018, to November 9, 2019.[6] Two different shows were listed with the press release, with Enigma described as a "brand-new odyssey of [Gaga's] pop hits built as an experience unlike any other,"[7] and Jazz & Piano painted as featuring stripped-down versions of her songs accompanied by tracks from the Great American Songbook.[8][9] Gaga described the show as "unlike anything I've done before. It will be a celebration of all that is unique and different within us. The challenges of bravery can be overcome with creativity and courage that is grown out of adversity, love and music."[6] Five additional dates were added to the itinerary for the Jazz & Piano shows.[10]

"I've always hated the stigma around Las Vegas—that it's where you go when you're on the last leg of your career. Being a Las Vegas girl is an absolute dream for me. It's really what I've always wanted to do."

– Gaga talking with Vogue before the residency commenced[11]

Development of the residency took place while Gaga was promoting her 2018 movie, A Star is Born, therefore only a short amount of time was available for the creative process.[12] Gaga released a promotional poster accompanying the announcement of the residency, colored in day-glo paint. She wore a neon green tulle dress by designers Laurence & Chico, with latex gloves and a swim cap from Vex Clothing. The image was photographed by Inez and Vinoodh and styled by Gaga's longtime collaborator Nicola Formichetti. Matt Moen from Paper Mag felt that the poster hearkened back to Gaga's fashion choices during The Fame Monster (2009) era, suggesting the singer's return to avant-garde looks. He also found Las Vegas EDM and rave influences in the poster, likening it to an Electric Daisy Carnival.[13] On December 4, 2018, Gaga shared a video from the rehearsal on her Instagram account showing her in a bodysuit with dots on it, utilizing motion capture while the song "Aura" played in the background.[14]

Coinciding with the residency, in May 2019, an exhibition called Haus of Gaga: Las Vegas also opened in Park MGM. It includes forty pieces of clothing and accessories from Gaga's personal archive, including her bodysuit from the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, custom Alexander McQueen lace gown worn in the "Alejandro" music video, and her meat dress.[15][16]

Production

Conception and stage

Left: The performance of "Born This Way" during the Enigma show, with the floating light pod visible in the background. Right: The stage set at Gaga's Jazz & Piano engagement, with the curtain of crystal beads above the 30-piece big band.

The Enigma show involves a loose storyline about "healing and finding yourself", with a setting aiming to emulate a post-apocalyptic punk environment.[12][17] A script was written by Gaga, with photographer Eli Russel largely contributing to the creative part of the show, as well.[12] Billboard's Andreas Hale found the narrative "part Wizard of Oz and part Ghost in the Shell."[18] Gaga wanted to integrate all her past hits into the show, while also giving it "a new feel for her interpretation of a Vegas show."[12][17] The gig involves a character named Enigma, brought to life through motion capture by Gaga. Enigma was based on a character that was used during Gaga's promotional rollout for her 2013 album, Artpop, called Petga.[12] In a video posted on her social media by before the residency kicked off, Gaga referred to Enigma as her alter ego.[19] Production designer LeRoy Bennett described the show as "a journey about Gaga and her Enigma character finding themselves within each other", therefore taking place "in various settings as she's going into her virtual world and her past. But it’s also the present and future, so it has to take on multiple personalities." Floating above the stage was a large light pod, which he called the "main lighting instrument" that could be interpreted as a spaceship or a cloud, or "energy beaming down on the stage to heal" Gaga.[12][17]

Gaga's aim for the Jazz & Piano part of her residency was "glamour and elegance".[12] It features a 30-piece band in old-school booths, a stage illiuminated by neon colors, a curtain, and backdrop consisting of dangling crystals.[20] LeRoy Bennett called it an extension of Gaga's joint concert series with Tony Bennett, the Cheek to Cheek Tour (2014–2015), adding that the "simple, but beautiful" concept transformed the venue into a jazz lounge.[12]

Costume design

Gaga wearing an outfit covered in tiny mirrors during Enigma (left), and a shimmering rhinestone gown at her Jazz & Piano show (right)

Gaga worked with Nicola Formichetti on selecting the various outfits for the residency.[21] For the Enigma show, the main inspiration was sci-fi,[22] and the list of designers included Tom Ford, Asher Levine, and Vex Latex.[23] Gaga's first look is a bejeweled, silver catsuit with built-in heeled boots, along with a black headpiece.[21][23][24] The outfit was covered in tiny mirrors, with Out magazine's Glenn Garner noting that "given her nightlife roots, it’s fitting that she’s channeling a disco ball at the beginning of her show".[21] Gaga then changed into a BDSM-inspired leather corset with neon green details. It was completed with a black PVC jacket with her initials written on the back side of it, featuring feathers in the same fluorescent green.[21][23][24] A later look was an armor-inspired suit with light-up panels,[21][23] which received comparison to a Patricia Field costume "for a movie about a late '80s heavy metal singer".[21] Gaga also appeared in a transparent purple dress, with a metallic purple cut-out bodysuit underneath.[21][23][24] For the finale, she was wearing a champagne-hued gold latex bodysuit with a collar which created the illusion of wings.[24][25] Out's Garner compared it to outfits from The Fifth Element and ones worn by David Bowie.[21] Removing the outfit revealed a second-skin like, nude-colored unitard.[21][26]

Designers who outfitted the Jazz & Piano shows include Ralph Lauren, Schiaparelli, Adrian Manceras, Armani Privé, and Gaga's sister, Natali Germanotta.[27][28] According to Germanotta, during their creative process they used "elements from the Jazz Age, mixed with cabaret and vintage Vegas."[28] Gaga's first ensemble for the show was a black sequin dress with a deep V neck, slit, crystal appliqués and crystal fringes.[29] The look was completed with a Rinaldy Yunardi headpiece featuring jet-black spikes sprouting from it. For Vogue's Alice Newbold, the headdress resembled the one worn by Cher for the 58th Academy Awards.[30] Gaga changed into a champagne-colored, long-sleeved gown with more than 53,000 Swarovski micro-crytals and 250 rock crystals, along with a white feather cape.[23][27][29] Later, a strapless black velvet gown was completed with a hot pink silk floor-length cape, which invoked the "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes-era" for Michael Love Michael of Paper Mag.[27][29] For the finale, Gaga put on a black lamé tuxedo jumpsuit, with a detachable tiered skirt, embellished with Swarovski crystals, along with white tuxedo shirt, bow, and a top hat.[27][29] Throughout the gig, Gaga was wearing various Jimmy Choo shoes.[29] Later shows were updated with various new outfits. This includes a dusty rose-hued, feathery dress with an allover ostrich-feather coat;[28] a black velvet bodice with a pink skirt, along with a cape coat with matching pink color;[28] a long shimmering rhinestone gown;[31] and a sparkling tassel dress reminiscent of a 1920s flapper, with matching head gear.[32] In the visuals during Gaga's costume-changes, she is seen in a velvet and lace corset and velvet skirt gown with silver crystal leafs by Turkish designer Nedret Taciroğlu.[27]

Concert synopsis

Enigma

Gaga performing "The Fame" during Enigma (top), and singing "La Vie en rose" at her Jazz & Piano show (bottom)

The Enigma show is approximately two hours long.[33] It starts with an introduction where Enigma, a motion captured character who is Gaga's alter ego, welcomes the crowd. Shortly after, the singer appears in a sequined jumpsuit, suspended to the ceiling of the theater and performs "Just Dance" as she plays the keytar. After joining the stage, Gaga and her dancers perform "Poker Face" and "LoveGame". Then, she meets Enigma, who explains her who she is and that she's going to show Gaga the future through a simulation.

After an interlude, the singer returns on stage wearing a fluorescent suit and a manga inspired wig, and performs "Dance in the Dark" and "Beautiful, Dirty, Rich". Gaga takes her jacket off and plays a custom-made instrument which includes a keyboard and guitar strings, while singing "The Fame". After performing "Telephone" and "Applause", Gaga realizes that in the simulation, paparazzi are dangerous and want to capture her. She performs "Paparazzi" up in the air in an orb-like cage, but quickly after, the paparazzi catch her and she performs "Aura" while they torture her. The third act opens with Gaga riding a giant mechanical robot, wearing a light-up futuristic catsuit, while singing "Scheiße". Pyrotechnic effects accompany the performance. The song transitions to "Judas", in which Gaga performs a long electric guitar solo. Later she performs "Government Hooker" with changed lyrics to address the Trump administration.[26] After that, Gaga covers David Bowie's "I'm Afraid of Americans" while standing in a circular keyboard console.

Following an interlude in which Enigma explains to Gaga that she must heal, "The Edge of Glory" and "Alejandro" are performed, with Gaga dressed in purple. Gaga sits down at piano at the end of the catwalk to sing "Million Reasons" and "You and I", where she is joined by her guitarists. The last act opens with "Bad Romance", performed in a cream latex suit on the catwalk while Gaga's dancers execute the choreography on the main stage. Enigma tells Gaga it is now time for her to leave, but Gaga insists to perform for her one last time. "Born This Way" follows, and after Gaga and her crew leave the stage, she comes back to sing "Shallow" on her piano as the encore.

Jazz & Piano

The singer's Jazz & Piano engagement does not involve a comprehensive narrative as the Enigma show, but it is divided into four segments, each of them preceded by costume change and black-and-white interlude films. In the videos, Gaga talks about her love of Jazz and American classics, comparing singing jazz to "receiving a warm hug", and gives shout outs to performers who inspired her, including Billie Holiday, Etta James and Dinah Washington.[34][20] The setlist involves 16 vintage covers, sprinkled with four of Gaga's own songs with new arrangements;[35] this includes "Born This Way", which is performed in the style of a slow gospel number, and a "raging" performance of "Paparazzi", with "the full orchestra kicking in with some apropos suspense-movie chase music".[35][36] In 2021, Gaga updated the setlist with new songs, including "Mambo Italiano", a choice she said was inspired by her movie, House of Gucci, and select songs from her second jazz album, Love for Sale, such as its title track, introduced as a song "every prostitute in Las Vegas sings".[31] In between songs, Gaga also shares personal stories serving as connective tissue between the performed tracks.[35]

Critical reception

Enigma

Gaga performing "Scheiße" during her Enigma show

Chris Willman from Variety called the Enigma show a "back-to-roots move for the superstar", as it focused on her "art and artifice of being spectacular", and complimented Gaga for singing live for its entirety.[33] Mark Gray from People thought that the show was "highly energetic", which "lived up to the hype", and praised the theatricality of the show and the singer's connection with the audience.[37] Andreas Hale from Billboard thought that the "set pieces were just as grandiose and over-the-top as the performances themselves" and the outfits were "outrageously unique". At the end of his review, he concluded that "it was obvious that Gaga was more than comfortable on the Vegas stage where many all-time greats cut their teeth. Simply put, she was born to do this."[18] John Katsilometes, from the Las Vegas Review-Journal praised the singer's vocal and piano skills, saying that "she is dazzling dancing around the stage, a slim figure in a mirrored one-piece to open the night, but her heartfelt playing on the keyboards shows she can move a crowd subtly, too."[38] Writing for Rolling Stone, Brittany Spanos highlighted the variety of the setlist and the use of props, while saying that "the best moments are the ones that feel improvised". She concluded her review by saying that Enigma "ended up becoming a show that confirms and begins her legacy".[25] Paste Magazine's Garrett Martin found Enigma "one of the most proudly over-the-top concert extravaganzas I’ve ever seen", while adding that the show "doesn’t just overpower you with lights, music and pyrotechnics, but with a sense of pride and inclusivity", complimenting Gaga's "touchingly earnest and heartfelt performance".[39]

Entertainment Weekly journalist Marc Snetiker called the show "on the whole, rather nutty, (...) but Enigma the show is a damn good time, and it’s admirable in its attempts to elevate a greatest-hits gathering into something striving for more, something that perhaps even galvanized an artist in the peak of her career to take a Vegas residency in the first place."[40] Randy Lewis from the Los Angeles Times thought that Gaga was "in full pop star mode", and while he appreciated the "gigantic" set pieces and the inclusion of the singer's biggest hits, he found the show "disjointed", with "little sense of narrative flow". He also added that the choreography "offers little in the way of physical expression or amplification of her songs’ lyrics or music", although he noted that it showcased "plenty of wild, kinetic energy".[41] At Las Vegas Weekly, Leslie Ventura called Gaga "a perfectionist down to the smallest details, and her showmanship is unparalleled – her vocals, the costuming, the dancing, the hits." He however found the show "cheesy, weird and a little confusing at times", adding that "the Enigma concept grew a little tiresome after a while."[42] Similarly, Miami New Times's Celia Almedia, who reviewed the truncated version of Enigma in Miami, found the show's story line "hazy at best and sloppy at worst", and highlighted the piano performances as the gig's "most successful" segment.[43]

Jazz & Piano

Gaga performing "Luck Be a Lady" during one of the Jazz & Piano shows

Variety magazine journalist Chris Willman thought that the Jazz & Piano arrangement was even better than the singer's other show, calling it "the best shot we're going to get at (...) time travel" as "this show recalls peak Vegas", and complimented the singer's "real emotion" showcased throughout this performance.[35] Mikael Wood from the Los Angeles Times also compared it to Enigma, saying that "for all their differences in style and repertoire, both shows feel indelibly Gaga, linked by the unifying force of her wacky personality and her raw vocal talent." He further noticed, that "for her, the two Vegas performances aren’t opposed but complementary — part of the same determination to use artifice to say something real."[44] Kevin Mazur of the Las Vegas Sun called Jazz & Piano "the quintessential Las Vegas show", thinking that "Gaga was mesmerizing all night, both behind the microphone and on the piano", while adding that the full orchestra and the Brian Newman Quintet "was spot-on too".[32]

John Katsilometes of the Las Vegas Review-Journal highlighted Gaga's vocal skills, saying she was "nailing several a cappella moments" during her jazz performances.[36] Writing for Paper Mag, Michael Love Michael also complimented her voice, finding it "full of brightness, nuance, and emotion", while noting that Gaga's performance "brought up instant feelings of nostalgia that continued throughout the show".[20] For Nick Remsen at Vogue, "Jazz & Piano is entertaining, engaging, educational (thanks in part to black and white filmic interludes...), and astutely conceived for power and provocation without being overbearing. Plus, it wholly demonstrates the extraordinary performing prowess and big heart [...] of its star."[28]

Commercial performance

Pre-sales for the show started on August 8, 2018, for Gaga's fan club members, followed by Citi bank credit card holders on the next day, getting an early chance at acquiring the tickets.[45] There was also a pre-sale for MGM members as well as Live Nation and Ticketmaster customers which ran from August 11–12. The next day tickets for the show were available to the general public, including the general bookings and VIP packages for meet-and-greets.[7] IQ magazine reported that the tickets were outselling nearest competitors, those of residencies by artists like Celine Dion and Britney Spears. The sales are also affected by the higher price range of the tickets in the secondary markets.[46]

In February 2019, the first set of boxscores were reported by Billboard. Gaga earned $16 million from the 11 reported sold out dates, which when divided monthwise, resulted in grosses of $4.3 million in December 2018, $8.7 million in January 2019 and $2.9 million in February. Individual show grosses ranged from $1.41–$1.48 million, with the total audience rounding out at 59,162 tickets. According to the magazine's Eric Frankenberg, the total gross was "an electrifying opening pace for Gaga's Vegas residency", since the singer "outperformed" the opening grosses of all previous residencies by other artists—including Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, the Backstreet Boys, Shania Twain and Gwen Stefani. With the gross, Gaga also became the fifth woman to pass the half-billion career total as per Billboard Boxscore.[47] In 2019, the residency grossed $53,868,719 million for an average of $1,584,374 per concert, and sold 185,019 tickets for an average of 5,442 per concert. The average ticket price was $291.15.

Set lists

Enigma

This set list is from the December 28, 2018, concert.[25] It is not intended to represent every show.

  1. "Just Dance"
  2. "Poker Face"
  3. "LoveGame"
  4. "Dance in the Dark"
  5. "Beautiful, Dirty, Rich"
  6. "The Fame"
  7. "Telephone"
  8. "Applause"
  9. "Paparazzi"
  10. "Aura"
  11. "Scheiße"
  12. "Judas"
  13. "Government Hooker"
  14. "I'm Afraid of Americans"
  15. "The Edge of Glory"
  16. "Alejandro"
  17. "Million Reasons"
  18. "You and I"
  19. "Bad Romance"
  20. "Born This Way"
Encore
  1. "Shallow"

Notes

  • On December 30, 2018, Gaga dedicated "You and I" to Celine Dion, who was attending the concert that night.[48]
  • On January 26, 2019, Bradley Cooper, who was in attendance that night, performed "Shallow" with Gaga.[49]

Jazz & Piano

This set list is from the January 20, 2019, concert.[50] It is not intended to represent every show.

  1. "Luck Be a Lady"
  2. "Anything Goes"
  3. "Call Me Irresponsible"
  4. "Orange Colored Sky"
  5. "Poker Face"
  6. "The Lady Is a Tramp"
  7. "Cheek to Cheek"
  8. "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby"
  9. "Someone to Watch Over Me"
  10. "Born This Way"
  11. "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)"
  12. "Coquette"
  13. "What a Diff'rence a Day Made"
  14. "Paparazzi"
  15. "La Vie en rose"
  16. "Just a Gigolo"
  17. "Lush Life"
  18. "Bad Romance"
  19. "Fly Me to the Moon"
Encore
  1. "New York, New York"

Notes

Shows

List of dates, showing the type of show, attendance and revenue earned[10][54][55]
Date Type of show Attendance Revenue
December 28, 2018 Enigma 59,162 / 59,162 $15,970,436
December 30, 2018
December 31, 2018
January 17, 2019
January 19, 2019
January 20, 2019 Jazz & Piano
January 24, 2019 Enigma
January 26, 2019
January 31, 2019
February 2, 2019
February 3, 2019 Jazz & Piano
May 30, 2019 Enigma 48,833 / 48,833 $13,549,061
June 1, 2019
June 2, 2019 Jazz & Piano
June 6, 2019 Enigma
June 8, 2019
June 9, 2019 Jazz & Piano
June 12, 2019 Enigma
June 14, 2019
June 15, 2019 Jazz & Piano
October 17, 2019 Enigma 60,684 / 60,684 $18,835,571
October 19, 2019
October 20, 2019 Jazz & Piano
October 23, 2019 Enigma
October 25, 2019
October 26, 2019 Jazz & Piano
October 31, 2019 Enigma
November 2, 2019
November 3, 2019 Jazz & Piano
November 8, 2019 Enigma
November 9, 2019 Jazz & Piano
December 28, 2019 Enigma 16,340 / 16,340 $5,513,651
December 30, 2019
December 31, 2019 Jazz & Piano
October 14, 2021 Jazz & Piano 44,371 / 44,371 $13,101,365
October 16, 2021
October 17, 2021
October 21, 2021
October 23, 2021
October 24, 2021
October 28, 2021
October 30, 2021
October 31, 2021
April 14, 2022 Jazz & Piano 46,196 / 46,196 $12,935,506[56]
April 16, 2022
April 17, 2022
April 21, 2022
April 23, 2022
April 24, 2022
April 28, 2022
April 30, 2022
May 1, 2022
August 31, 2023 Jazz & Piano 60,096 / 60,096 $17,030,118
September 2, 2023
September 3, 2023
September 6, 2023
September 7, 2023
September 9, 2023
September 10, 2023
September 28, 2023
September 30, 2023
October 1, 2023
October 4, 2023
October 5, 2023
Total 337,112 / 337,112 (100%) $96,935,708

Cancelled dates

Cancelled dates for Lady Gaga Enigma + Jazz & Piano
Date Type of show Reason Ref.
November 6, 2019 Enigma Sinus infection and bronchitis [57]
April 30, 2020 COVID-19 pandemic [58]
May 2, 2020
May 3, 2020 Jazz & Piano
May 7, 2020
May 9, 2020 Enigma
May 10, 2020 Jazz & Piano
May 13, 2020 Enigma
May 15, 2020
May 16, 2020 Jazz & Piano

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Renamed Dolby Live since October 2021.

References

  1. ↑ "Lady Gaga Enigma + Jazz & Piano". MGM Resorts International. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  2. ↑ Mandell, Andrea (December 19, 2017). "Lady Gaga announces Las Vegas residency: 'The rumors are true!'". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  3. ↑ Blistein, Jon (December 24, 2017). "Lady Gaga Plots Las Vegas Residency". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  4. ↑ Halperin, Shirley (December 19, 2017). "Lady Gaga Las Vegas Residency a Done Deal". Variety. Archived from the original on December 19, 2017. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  5. ↑ Moen, Matt (July 20, 2018). "Lady Gaga's Las Vegas Residency Might Be Called 'Enigma'". Paper. Archived from the original on August 9, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  6. 1 2 Nolfi, Joey (August 7, 2018). "Lady Gaga announces Las Vegas residency show details". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  7. 1 2 Kaufman, Gil (August 7, 2018). "Lady Gaga Announces Launch Date For Las Vegas 'Enigma' Residency". Billboard. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  8. ↑ Sands, Nicole (August 7, 2018). "Lady Gaga to Launch Las Vegas Residency at the End of the Year — All the Details". People. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  9. ↑ "Grammy Award-Winning Superstar Lady Gaga To Launch Exclusive Las Vegas Residency at Park Theater Friday, December 28" (Press release). MGM Resorts International. PR Newswire. August 7, 2018. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  10. 1 2 "Lady Gaga Announces Five Additional Jazz & Piano Shows". Broadway World (Press release). December 10, 2018. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  11. ↑ Van Meter, Jonathan (September 10, 2018). "Lady Gaga Opens Up About A Star Is Born, MeToo, and a Decade in Pop". Vogue. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 14, 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Real, Evan (February 28, 2019). "How Lady Gaga Pulled Off Her "Ambitious" Vegas Residency Amid 'A Star Is Born' Frenzy". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 14, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  13. ↑ Moen, Matt (August 7, 2018). "Lady Gaga Is a Day-Glo Fantasy in 'Enigma' Poster". Paper. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  14. ↑ Reitman, Shelby (December 4, 2018). "Lady Gaga Shares Behind-the-Scenes Clip From 'Enigma' Rehearsals: Watch". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  15. ↑ Bobb, Brooke (May 30, 2019). "Lady Gaga's Private Fashion Archive Is Going on Display in Las Vegas—Infamous Dried Meat Dress Included". Vogue. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  16. ↑ Nesvig, Kara (May 30, 2019). "Lady Gaga Has a New Fashion Exhibit in Las Vegas". Teen Vogue. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  17. 1 2 3 Jennings, Steve (July 12, 2019). "Lady Gaga's 'Enigma/Jazz & Piano'". Projection, Lights and Staging News (PLSN). Archived from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  18. 1 2 Hale, Andreas (December 29, 2018). "Lady Gaga Delivers the Show She Was Born to Perform With 'Enigma'". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  19. ↑ Rossignol, Derrick (December 11, 2018). "Lady Gaga Teases A New Alter Ego Called 'Enigma' Ahead Of Her Las Vegas Residency". Uproxx. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  20. 1 2 3 Michael Love Michael (February 6, 2019). "Lady Gaga Is Making Jazz Cool Again". Paper. Archived from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Garner, Glenn (January 2, 2019). "All the Epic, Showstopping Looks from Lady Gaga's 'Enigma' Residency". Out. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  22. ↑ Bowles, Hamish (January 14, 2019). "Meet the Designer Behind Lady Gaga's Mesmerizing Sci-Fi Costumes". Vogue. Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aiello, Mckenna (January 21, 2019). "See Every Incredible Look From Lady Gaga's Dual Las Vegas Shows". E! News. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Mackelden, Amy (December 29, 2018). "Lady Gaga Served so Many Epic Looks on Her Las Vegas Residency's Opening Night". Harper's Bazaar. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  25. 1 2 3 Spanos, Brittany (December 29, 2018). "Review: Lady Gaga Maintains 'Poker Face' During Stellar Vegas Debut". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  26. 1 2 Barlow, Eve (December 30, 2018). "A Star Is Born Again: Lady Gaga's Vegas Residency Dazzles". Vulture.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 Michael Love Michael (January 22, 2019). "Lady Gaga's 'Jazz and Piano' Looks Are Ultra-Glam". Paper. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 Remsen, Nick (October 22, 2021). "Lady Gaga's Back in Las Vegas! An Up-Close Look at Her Residency and Its Knockout Wardrobe". Vogue. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
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  30. ↑ Newbold, Alice (October 22, 2019). "Lady Gaga's "Enigma" Headdress Bears A Striking Resemblance To Cher's Iconic Oscars Look". Vogue. Archived from the original on October 14, 2022. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
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