A European Commissioner is a member of the European Commission. Each Commissioner within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission. In simple terms they are the equivalent of national ministers. Each European Union member state has the right to a single commissioner (before 2004, the four largest states—France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom—were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the President.
The accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of Croatia in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28. Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member-state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Energy Community. The colours indicate their political background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly the European People's Party; red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the Party of European Socialists; yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party; green for green politicians, mainly the European Green Party; and their pan-European predecessors).
Austria (1995–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franz Fischler | Agriculture and Rural Development | Santer | ÖVP |
| Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries | Prodi | ||
| Benita Ferrero-Waldner[1] | External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy | Barroso I | ÖVP |
| Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy | |||
| Johannes Hahn | Regional Policy | Barroso II | ÖVP |
| European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations | Juncker | ||
| Budget and Administration | Von der Leyen |
Belgium (1952–present)
Bulgaria (2007–present)
Croatia (2013–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neven Mimica[9] | Consumer Protection | Barroso II | SDP |
| International Cooperation and Development | Juncker | ||
| Dubravka Šuica | Democracy and Demography (Vice President) | Von der Leyen | HDZ |
Cyprus (2004–present)
Czech Republic (2004–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pavel Telička[13] | Health and Consumer Protection | Prodi | US-DEU |
| Vladimír Špidla | Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities | Barroso I | ČSSD |
| Štefan Füle | Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy | Barroso II | ČSSD |
| Věra Jourová | Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality | Juncker | ANO |
| Values and Transparency (Vice President) | Von der Leyen |
Denmark (1973–present)
Estonia (2004–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siim Kallas[15] | Economic and Monetary Affairs | Prodi | RP |
| Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud (Vice President) | Barroso I | ||
| Transport (Vice President) | Barroso II | ||
| Andrus Ansip[16] | Digital Single Market (Vice President) | Juncker | RP |
| Kadri Simson | Energy | Von der Leyen | EK |
Finland (1995–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erkki Liikanen[17] | Budget, Personnel and Administration | Santer | SDP |
| Enterprise and Information Society | Prodi | ||
| Olli Rehn[17][18][19] | Enterprise and Information Society | Prodi | SK |
| Enlargement | Barroso I | ||
| Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President) | Barroso II | ||
| Jyrki Katainen[19] | Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President) | Barroso II | KOK |
| Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness (Vice President) | Juncker | ||
| Jutta Urpilainen | International Partnerships | Von der Leyen | SDP |
France (1952–present)
Germany (1952–present)
Greece (1981–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Giorgos Kontogeorgis | Transport, Fisheries and Tourism | Thorn | ND |
| Grigoris Varfis[35] | Regional Policy and Parliamentary Relations | Delors I | PASOK |
| Consumer Protection | |||
| Vasso Papandreou | Employment, Industrial Relations, Social Affairs, Education, Training and Youth | Delors II | PASOK |
| Ioannis Paleokrassas | Environment, Nuclear Safety and Fisheries | Delors III | ND |
| Christos Papoutsis | Energy, SMEs and Tourism | Santer | PASOK |
| Anna Diamantopoulou[36] | Employment and Social Affairs | Prodi | PASOK |
| Stavros Dimas[36] | Employment and Social Affairs | Prodi | ND |
| Environment | Barroso I | ||
| Maria Damanaki | Maritime Affairs and Fisheries | Barroso II | PASOK |
| Dimitris Avramopoulos | Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship | Juncker | ND |
| Margaritis Schinas | Promoting the European Way of Life (Vice President) | Von der Leyen | ND |
Hungary (2004–present)
Ireland (1973–present)
Italy (1952–present)
Latvia (2004–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sandra Kalniete[53] | Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries | Prodi | LTF |
| Andris Piebalgs[54][55] | Energy | Barroso I | LC / LPP |
| Development | Barroso II | ||
| Valdis Dombrovskis[56] | Euro and Social Dialogue (Vice President) | Juncker | Unity |
| Euro, Social Dialogue, Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (Vice President) | |||
| An Economy That Works for People (Executive Vice President) | Von der Leyen |
Lithuania (2004–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dalia Grybauskaitė[57][58] | Education and Culture | Prodi | Independent |
| Financial Programming and the Budget | Barroso I | ||
| Algirdas Šemeta[58] | Financial Programming and the Budget | Barroso I | TS |
| Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud | Barroso II | ||
| Vytenis Andriukaitis | Health and Food Safety | Juncker | SDP |
| Virginijus Sinkevičius | Environment, Oceans and Fisheries | Von der Leyen | LVŽS |
Luxembourg (1952–present)
Malta (2004–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Borg[63] | Development and Humanitarian Aid | Prodi | PN |
| Fisheries and Maritime Affairs | Barroso I | ||
| John Dalli[64] | Health and Consumer Policy | Barroso II | PN |
| Tonio Borg[64][65] | Health and Consumer Policy | Barroso II | PN |
| Health | |||
| Karmenu Vella | Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries | Juncker | PL |
| Helena Dalli | Equality | Von der Leyen | PL |
Netherlands (1952–present)
Poland (2004–present)
Portugal (1986–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| António Cardoso e Cunha[73] | Fisheries | Delors I | PSD |
| Personnel, Administration, Energy, Small Business and Tourism | Delors II | ||
| João de Deus Pinheiro | Parliamentary Relations, Communications, Information and Cultural Affairs | Delors III | PSD |
| African, Caribbean and Asian Relations and Development | Santer | ||
| António Vitorino | Justice and Home Affairs | Prodi | PS |
| José Manuel Barroso | President | Barroso I | PSD |
| President | Barroso II | ||
| Carlos Moedas | Research, Science and Innovation | Juncker | PSD |
| Elisa Ferreira | Cohesion and Reforms | Von der Leyen | PS |
Romania (2007–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leonard Orban[74] | Multilingualism | Barroso I | PNL[75] |
| Dacian Cioloş[76] | Agriculture and Rural Development | Barroso II | Independent |
| Corina Crețu[77][78] | Regional Policy | Juncker | PSD / PRO |
| Adina-Ioana Vălean | Transport | Von der Leyen | PNL |
Slovakia (2004–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ján Figeľ[79][80] | Enterprise and Information Society | Prodi | KDH |
| Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism | Barroso I | ||
| Education, Training and Culture | |||
| Maroš Šefčovič | Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration (Vice President) | Barroso II | Smer-SD |
| Energy Union (Vice President) | Juncker | ||
| Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight (Vice President) European Green Deal (Executive Vice President)[81] |
Von der Leyen |
Slovenia (2004–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Janez Potočnik[82] | Enlargement | Prodi | LDS |
| Science and Research | Barroso I | ||
| Environment | Barroso II | ||
| Violeta Bulc | Transport | Juncker | SMC |
| Janez Lenarčič[83] | Crisis Management | Von der Leyen | Independent |
Spain (1986–present)
Sweden (1995–present)
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anita Gradin | Immigration, Justice, Home Affairs and Financial Control | Santer | SAP |
| Margot Wallström | Environment | Prodi | SAP |
| Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy (First Vice President) | Barroso I | ||
| Cecilia Malmström | Home Affairs | Barroso II | FP |
| Trade | Juncker | ||
| Ylva Johansson | Home Affairs | Von der Leyen | SAP |
United Kingdom (1973–2020)
Withdrawn nominees
A number of commissioners were formally nominated and assigned portfolios before being withdrawn after their hearing with the European Parliament, with the exception of Thorvald Stoltenberg, who withdrew after the rejection of Norway's accession referendum.
| Commissioner | Portfolio | Commission | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thorvald Stoltenberg (Norway) | Fisheries | Santer | AP |
| Miloš Kužvart (Czech Republic) |
Health and Consumer Protection | Barroso I | ČSSD |
| Rocco Buttiglione (Italy) | Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President) | Barroso I | UDC |
| Ingrīda Ūdre (Latvia) | Taxation and Customs Union | Barroso I | LZS |
| Rumiana Jeleva (Bulgaria) | International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response | Barroso II | GERB |
| Alenka Bratušek (Slovenia) | Energy Union (Vice President) | Juncker | ZaAB |
Juncker/Von der Leyen transition
The transition from the Juncker Commission to the Von der Leyen Commission resulted in a higher number of withdrawals and rejections than any previous transition. This included an agreement to not fill the seats of Juncker commissioners who took seats in the European Parliament, some states abiding by Von der Leyen's request to name female and male candidates in order to have a gender parity (with only one candidate able to be formally nominated), the rejection of several nominees by the European Parliament due to ethical concerns, and some those named to replace the rejected candidates being denied nomination by Von der Leyen.
Notes and references
- ↑ Ferrero-Waldner held the External Relations brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 December 2009, when Catherine Ashton became High Representative. She was then moved to Trade for the rest of her term.
- ↑ Coppé was elevated to President of the High Authority from 1 March 1967 to 5 July 1967 following Rinaldo Del Bo's resignation.
- ↑ Finet served in the Del Bo Authority from 10 January 1964 to 18 May 1965, his death.
- 1 2 Busquin served in the Prodi Commission until 18 July 2004, when Michel assumed office.
- 1 2 Michel served in the Barroso I Commission until 17 July 2009, when De Gucht assumed office.
- ↑ Kuneva served in the Barroso I Commission from 1 January 2007, Bulgaria's accession.
- 1 2 Georgieva served in the Juncker Commission until 1 January 2017. Gabriel assumed office on 7 July 2017.
- 1 2 Gabriel served in the Von der Leyen Commission until 15 May 2023. Ivanova assumed office on 12 September 2023.
- ↑ Mimica served in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2013, Croatia's accession.
- ↑ Kyprianou served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, Cyprus's accession.
- ↑ Kyprianou held the Consumer Protection brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 January 2007, Bulgaria's ascension.
- 1 2 Kyprianou served in the Barroso I Commission until 3 March 2008, when Vassiliou assumed office.
- ↑ Telička served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, the Czech Republic's accession.
- 1 2 Gundelach served in the Thorn Commission until 13 January 1981, his death. Dalsager assumed office on 20 January 1981.
- ↑ Kallas served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Estonia's ascension.
- ↑ Ansip served in the Juncker Commission until 1 July 2019. The seat was vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission took office.
- 1 2 Liikanen served in the Prodi Commission until 12 July 2004, when Rehn assumed office.
- ↑ Rehn was elevated to Vice President and given the Euro brief in the Barroso II Commission from 27 October 2011.
- 1 2 Rehn served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014, when Katainen assumed office.
- ↑ Reynaud served in the Del Bo Authority until September 1963; he served again from 10 January 1964.
- ↑ Ortoli was a party member of the UDR until 5 December 1976, after which he served as a member of the RPR.
- 1 2 Cheysson served in the Thorn Commission until 23 April 1981. Pisani assumed office on 26 May 1981.
- ↑ Pisani served in the Thorn Commission from 26 May 1981 – 3 December 1984 and was not replaced.
- 1 2 Barnier served in the Prodi Commission until 31 March 2004, when Barrot assumed office.
- ↑ Barrot held the Transport brief in the Barroso I Commission until 9 May 2008, when Franco Frattini resigned. He was then moved to Justice, Freedom and Security for the rest of his term.
- ↑ Barnier was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
- ↑ Etzel served in the Mayer Authority until 28 October 1957.
- ↑ Blücher served in the Finet Authority until 26 March 1959, his death.
- 1 2 Potthof served in the Malvestiti Authority until 10 August 1962. He was replaced by Hettlage on 14 December 1962.
- ↑ Hellwig served in the Del Bo Authority from 10 January 1964.
- 1 2 Pfeiffer served in the Delors I Commission until 1 August 1987, his death. He was replaced by Schmidhuber on 2 September 1987.
- ↑ Pfeiffer held the Employment, Credit and Investment briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.
- ↑ Oettinger was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
- ↑ After Kristalina Georgieva's resignation on 1 January 2017, Oettinger held both the Digital Economy and Society portfolio and the Budget and Human Resources portfolio from that date.
- ↑ Varfis held the Regional Policy and Parliamentary Relations briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.
- 1 2 Diamantopoulou served in the Prodi Commission until 10 March 2004, when Dimas assumed office.
- ↑ Balázs served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, Hungary's accession.
- ↑ Hillery served in the Ortoli Commission until 2 December 1976 and was not replaced.
- 1 2 O'Kennedy served in the Thorn Commission until 3 March 1982. Burke assumed office on 1 April 1982.
- ↑ held the Social Affairs, Education and Training briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.
- ↑ Hogan served in the Von der Leyen Commission until 26 August 2020. His successor is pending.
- ↑ Del Bo served as President of the High Authority until 1 March 1967, when Albert Coppé assumed office. There was no replacement in the interim Coppé Authority.
- 1 2 Malvestiti served in the Hallstein I Commission until 15 September 1959. Caron assumed office on 24 November 1959.
- ↑ Petrilli served in the Hallstein I Commission until 8 February 1961, when Sandri assumed office.
- 1 2 Caron served in the Hallstein II Commission until 15 May 1963. Paliano assumed office on 30 July 1964.
- ↑ Sandri was elevated to Vice President in the Hallstein II Commission from 30 July 1965.
- ↑ Paliano served in the Rey Commission until 8 May 1970 and was not replaced.
- 1 2 Spinelli served in the Ortoli Commission until 13 July 1976, when Guazzaroni assumed office.
- ↑ Prodi was a party member of ID until 23 March 2002, after which she served as a member of DL.
- ↑ Prodi, now a member of the socialist grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during his term in the Prodi Commission.
- 1 2 Frattini served in the Barroso I Commission until 23 April 2008. Tajani assumed office on 18 June 2008.
- 1 2 Tajani served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Feroci assumed office on 16 July 2014.
- ↑ Kalniete served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Latvia's ascension.
- ↑ Piebalgs was a party member of the LC until 25 August 2007, after which she served as a member of the LPP.
- ↑ Piebalgs, now a member of the conservative grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during his term in the Barroso Commission.
- ↑ After Jonathan Hill's resignation on 16 July 2016, Dombrovskis held both the Euro and Social Dialogue portfolio and the Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union portfolio from that date.
- ↑ Grybauskaitė served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Lithuania's ascension.
- 1 2 Grybauskaitė served in the Barroso I Commission until 1 July 2009, when Šemeta assumed office.
- ↑ Fohrmann served in the Del Bo / Coppé Authority from 30 June 1965.
- 1 2 Rasquin served in the Hallstein I Commission until 27 April 1958, his death. Schaus assumed office on 18 June 1958.
- ↑ Santer served as President of the Commission until 15 March 1999, when Manuel Marín assumed office.
- 1 2 Reding served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Reicherts assumed office on 16 July 2014.
- ↑ Borg served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Malta's ascension.
- 1 2 Dalli served in the Barroso II Commission until 16 October 2012. Borg assumed office on 28 November 2012.
- ↑ Borg held the Consumer Policy brief in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2013, with Croatia's accession.
- 1 2 Spierenburg served in the Malvestiti Authority until 25 September 1962. Homan assumed office on 15 December 1962.
- ↑ Spierenburg served in the Del Bo Authority until 7 June 1965 and was not replaced.
- ↑ Andriessen held the Fisheries brief in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, Portugal's ascension.
- 1 2 Timmermans served in the Von der Leyen Commission until 22 August 2023. Hoekstra assumed office on 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Hübner served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Poland's ascension.
- 1 2 Hübner served in the Barroso I Commission until 4 July 2009, when Samecki assumed office.
- 1 2 Lewandowski served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Dominik assumed office from 16 July 2014.
- ↑ Cunha served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Portugal's ascension.
- ↑ Orban served in the Barroso I Commission from 1 January 2007, Romania's accession.
- ↑ The PNL, now affiliated with the conservatives was part of the liberals during Orban's term.
- ↑ Cioloş, now a member of the liberal grouping, was affiliated to the European conservatives while remaining nationally unaffiliated during his term in the Barroso Commission.
- ↑ Crețu was a party member of the PSD until 17 January 2019, after which she served as a member of PRO.
- ↑ Crețu served in the Juncker Commission until 1 July 2019. The seat was vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission took office.
- ↑ Figeľ served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Slovakia's ascension.
- ↑ Figeľ held the Multilingualism brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 January 2007, Romania's ascension.
- ↑ Šefčovič took over the EGD portfolio and EVP ranking from Frans Timmermans in an acting capacity upon his resignation on 22 August 2023, and was confirmed by the European Parliament on 5 October 2023 while continuing in his existing role for Interinstitutional Relations.
- ↑ Potočnik served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Slovenia's ascension.
- ↑ Lenarčič is affiliated to the liberals, while remaining nationally unaffiliated during his term in the Von der Leyen Commission.
- ↑ Matutes served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Spain's ascension.
- 1 2 Matutes served in the Delors III Commission until 27 April 1994, when Oreja assumed office.
- ↑ Marín served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Spain's ascension.
- ↑ Marín was elevated to President of the Commission from 16 March 1999 to 12 September 1999 following Jacques Santer's resignation.
- 1 2 Solbes served in the Prodi Commission until 10 April 2004. Almunia assumed office on 24 April 2004.
- ↑ Clinton-Davis held the Consumer Protection brief in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.
- 1 2 Mandelson served in the Barroso I Commission until 3 October 2008. Ashton assumed office on 24 October 2008.
- ↑ Ashton held the Trade brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 December 2009. She was then moved to Foreign Affairs and Security Policy for the rest of her term.
- 1 2 Hill served in the Juncker Commission until 16 July 2016. King replaced him on 19 September 2016.
- ↑ Simson was nominated to complete the term of Andrus Ansip, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission began. Simson was then nominated and confirmed for a full term.
- ↑ Pașcu was nominated to complete the term of Corina Crețu, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission began.
- ↑ Goulard was nominated to a portfolio that was to also include Industrial Policy, the Digital Single Market and a new Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space. However, she was rejected by the European Parliament.
- ↑ Trócsányi was rejected by the European Parliament.
- ↑ Szczerski was initially named by the Polish government, however after Von der Leyen indicated she preferred Poland take the Agriculture portfolio, he withdrew to allow another candidate, Janusz Wojciechowski, with more expertise to be formally nominated.
- ↑ Marques was initially named by the Portuguese government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Elisa Ferreira, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. Ferreira went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and approved by the European Parliament.
- ↑ Plumb was initially named by the Romanian government as the female candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Dan Nica, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. She was formally nominated by Von der Leyen but rejected by the European Parliament.
- ↑ Nica was initially named by the Romanian government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Rovana Plumb, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. After Plumb went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and subsequently rejected by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Nica the male candidate, alongside Melania-Gabriela Ciot, with him as the leading candidate. However, he was denied by Von der Leyen.
- ↑ After Plumb's rejection by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Ciot the female candidate, alongside Dan Nica, with her as the reserve candidate. However, she was denied by Von der Leyen.
- ↑ After Nica and Ciot were denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government named Negrescu. However, he was also denied by Von der Leyen.
- ↑ After Negrescu was denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government lost parliament's confidence and Mureșan was named by the new government alongside Adina-Ioana Vălean. Vălean went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen.
- ↑ After Phil Hogan left the Von der Leyen Commission, McDowell was initially named by the Irish government as the male candidate, alongside Mairead McGuinness as the female candidate. McGuinness went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
- ↑ After Mariya Gabriel left the Von der Leyen Commission, Lorer was initially named by the Bulgarian government as the announced male candidate, alongside Iliana Ivanova as the female candidate. Ivanova went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
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Executive Vice Presidents:
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Vice Presidents:
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