The Yale Club of New York City, founded in 1897, the world's largest gentlemen's club

The following is a list of notable traditional gentlemen's clubs in the United States, including those that are now defunct. Historically, these clubs were exclusively for men,[1] but most (though not all) now admit women.

On exclusivity and assimilation into the upper class

Christopher Doob explains in his book Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society:

The most exclusive social clubs are in the oldest cities – Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C. Others, which are well respected, have developed in such major cities as Pittsburgh, Chicago, and San Francisco. The most exclusive social clubs are two in New York City – the Links and the Knickerbocker (Allen 1987, 25).[2] Personal wealth has never been the sole basis for attaining membership in exclusive clubs. The individual and family must meet the admissions committee's standards for values and behavior. Old money prevails over new money as the Rockefeller family experience suggests. John D. Rockefeller, the family founder and the nation's first billionaire, joined the Union League Club, a fairly respectable but not top-level club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., belonged to the University Club, a step up from his father; and finally his son John D. Rockefeller, III, reached the pinnacle with his acceptance into the Knickerbocker Club (Baltzell 1989, 340).[2]

E. Digby Baltzell, sociologist of the WASP establishment, explains in his book Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class:

The circulation of elites in America and the assimilation of new men of power and influence into the upper class takes place primarily through the medium of urban clubdom. Aristocracy of birth is replaced by an aristocracy of ballot. Frederick Lewis Allen showed how this process operated in the case of the nine “Lords of Creation” who were listed in the New York Social Register as of 1905: ‘The nine men who were listed [in the Social Register] were recorded as belonging to 9.4 clubs apiece,’ wrote Allen. ‘Though only two of them, J. P. Morgan and Cornelius Vanderbilt III, belonged to the Knickerbocker Club, the citadel of Patrician families (indeed, both already belonged to old prominent families at the time), Stillman and Harriman joined these two in the membership of the almost equally fashionable Union Club; Baker joined these four in the membership of the Metropolitan Club of New York (Magnificent, but easier of access to new wealth); John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, and Rogers, along with Morgan and Baker were listed as members of the Union League Club (the stronghold of Republican respectability); seven of the group belonged to the New York Yacht Club. Morgan belonged to nineteen clubs in all; Vanderbilt, to fifteen; Harriman, to fourteen.’ Allen then goes on to show how the descendants of these financial giants were assimilated into the upper class: ‘By way of footnote, it may be added that although in that year [1905] only two of our ten financiers belonged to the Knickerbocker Club, in 1933 the grandsons of six of them did. The following progress is characteristic: John D. Rockefeller, Union League Club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., University Club; John D. Rockefeller 3rd, Knickerbocker Club. Thus is the American aristocracy recruited.'[3]

History

The traditional gentlemen's club originated in London (in particular the St James's area) in the 18th century as a successor to coffeehouses.[1] Today, these clubs also continue to operate in the United States. The five oldest existing American clubs are the South River Club in South River, Maryland (c.1690/1700), the Schuylkill Fishing Company in Andalusia, Pennsylvania (1732), the Old Colony Club in Plymouth, Massachusetts (1769), The Philadelphia Club in Philadelphia (1834), and the Union Club of the City of New York in New York City (1836).[1] The Boston Club, of New Orleans, named after the card game and not the city, is the oldest southern club, founded in 1841.[4] The five oldest existing clubs west of the Mississippi River are the Pacific Club in Honolulu (1851), the Pacific-Union Club (1852), Olympic Club (1860), and Concordia-Argonaut Club (1864), all in San Francisco, and the Arlington Club in Portland, Oregon (1867).

Present day

While most major American cities today have at least one gentlemen's club, they are most prevalent in older cities, especially those on the East Coast.[1] As detailed below, only thirteen American cities have five or more such clubs: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. Also as detailed below, New York City contains more than any other American city, including the Yale Club of New York City, the largest traditional gentlemen's club in the world.[5] Throughout the country, though, many clubs have reciprocal relationships with the older clubs in London, with each other, and with other gentlemen's clubs around the world.

A few American gentlemen's clubs maintain separate "city" and "country" clubhouses, essentially functioning as both a traditional gentlemen's club in one location and a country club in another: the Piedmont Driving Club in Atlanta, the Wisconsin Club in Milwaukee,[6] the New York Athletic Club in New York City, the Union League of Philadelphia, the Missouri Athletic Club in St. Louis, and the Olympic Club in San Francisco. Similarly, the Jonathan Club in Los Angeles functions as a traditional gentlemen's club in one location and a beach club in another.

Because the term "gentlemen's club" is commonly used in the United States to refer euphemistically to strip clubs, traditional gentlemen's clubs often are referred to as "men's clubs" or "city clubs" (as opposed to country clubs) or simply as "private social clubs" or just "private clubs". For other meanings and nuances of the word "club", see club.

List

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

  • San Jose
    • The Metropolitan University Club (1936–1990), created from merger of previous Metropolitan Social & Athletic Club (1936) and University Club of San Jose (1957), insolvent[66]
    • The Sainte Claire Club (1895)[66][67]
    • The Silicon Valley Athletic Club (1981), until 2012 called the San Jose Athletic Club[66][68]

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

  • Wilmington
    • The Wilmington Club (1855)[98]
    • The University Club of Wilmington (1924–1958), merged with the Wilmington Whist Club to become the University and Whist Club[98]
    • The University and Whist Club (1891)[98][99]

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

  • New Albany
    • The Calumet Club (1919–1932), ceased existence but held reunions up until 1975[177]
  • South Bend
    • The Summit Club (1967–2012), insolvent[178]

Iowa

  • Des Moines
    • The Des Moines Club (1909–2002), merged with the Embassy Club to become the Des Moines Embassy Club[181]
    • The Des Moines Embassy Club (1909), formed in 2002 from the merger of the Embassy Club and Des Moines Club[181][182]
    • The Embassy Club (1946–2002), merged with the Des Moines Club to become the Des Moines Embassy Club[181]
  • Iowa City
    • The University Club of Iowa City (1917–2018)[183][184]

Kansas

Kentucky

  • Owensboro
    • The Campbell Club (1959) – Permanently closed on December 21, 2018 [202]

Louisiana

  • Shreveport
    • The Cambridge Club (1982–2009), insolvent[222]
    • The Petroleum Club of Shreveport (1948)[223][224]
    • The Shreveport Club (1946)[222][225]
    • The University Club of Shreveport (1979–2011), insolvent[222]

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

The Montana Club's 1905 building

Nebraska

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

Wisconsin

Wyoming

  • Casper
    • The Casper Petroleum Club (1949–2016), closed permanently on October 1, 2016 [607][608]

See also

Further reading

  • Thévoz, Seth Alexander (2022). Behind Closed Doors: The Secret Life of London Private Members' Clubs. London: Robinson/Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1-47214-646-5.
  • "Club men of New York: their occupations, and business and home addresses", New York : The Republic press [etc.], 1893. Cf. starting at p. 39.
  • Seth Alexander Thévoz, Global Clubs Directory

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Whitaker's Almanack 2008. A&C Black. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7136-8554-1.
  2. 1 2 Doob, Christopher (Aug 27, 2015). Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society. Routledge. ISBN 9781317344216.
  3. ↑ Digby Baltzell, E. (Dec 31, 2011). Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412830751.
  4. ↑ "ArchivesSpace Public Interface | Archives and Special Collections at Tulane University".
  5. 1 2 "Yale Club of New York". www.yaleclubnyc.org.
  6. 1 2 Tom Daykin, "Brynwood joins Wisconsin Club: Private clubs will share name, facilities purchase is possible," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Oct. 20, 2009)
  7. ↑ ""The Birmingham Athletic Club, Birmingham's Premier Sports Venue of the Early 1900s," Jefferson County Historical Association Newsletter (July 2013)".
  8. ↑ Tomberlin, Michael (Nov 18, 2009). "High-end club ordered to pay bank". al.
  9. ↑ "The Club (Birmingham) (official site)". Archived from the original on 2008-10-05.
  10. ↑ Hannah Wolfson, "Conflict over changes continues at The Club," Birmingham News (Jan. 25, 2008)
  11. ↑ "Phoenix Club – Bhamwiki". www.bhamwiki.com.
  12. ↑ T.H. Benners, Jr., "Birmingham's Southern Club," 19 Alabama Review 233-37 (July 1966)
  13. ↑ "The Athelstan Club". Archived from the original on 2017-10-28. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
  14. ↑ "Michael Brannon, "Bienville Club to close its doors," FOX10TV.com (May 28, 2013)". Archived from the original on 2013-06-24.
  15. ↑ Wilkinson, Kaija (May 1, 2009). "Mobile's International Trade Club closes after 40-plus years". al.
  16. ↑ "The University Club". The University Club.
  17. ↑ "Home". Tuscaloosa Paranormal Research Group.
  18. ↑ Petroleum Club of Anchorage (official site) Archived 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ Dermot Cole, "North to the Future: The Alaska Story 1959–2009" (Epicenter: 2008)
  20. 1 2 Andrew Johnson, "Arizona Club may close its facilities at the top of Chase Tower", Arizona Republic (Aug. 25, 2009)
  21. ↑ Lynn Ducey, "Arizona Club closing at Chase, seeking partnership," Phoenix Business Journal (Aug. 25, 2009)
  22. ↑ "Home – University Club of Phoenix". universityclubphoenix.com.
  23. ↑ "University Club | Arizona State University". cfo.asu.edu.
  24. ↑ City of Tempe Historic Preservation, "Administration/Science Building (University Club)" (Retrieved June 19, 2013) Archived June 24, 2013, at archive.today
  25. ↑ Mountain Oyster Club (official site)
  26. ↑ Richard Ducote, "Downtown Institution Moves East," Arizona Daily Star (May 14, 2003)
  27. ↑ Little Rock Club (official site)
  28. ↑ David Margolick, "Elizabeth and Hazel: Two Women of Little Rock" (Yale: 2011)
  29. ↑ "Petroleum Club".
  30. ↑ James Burger, "Bakersfield, Calif., Petroleum Club to Move Location," Bakersfield Californian (Aug. 14, 2002)
  31. ↑ "Home – The Faculty Club at UC Berkeley". BerkeleyFacultyClub.com.
  32. ↑ "NPS #82004641: Approved NRHP nomination of the Berkeley Faculty Club," Nps.gov (retrieved June 19, 2013)
  33. ↑ "Gabriel Dillard, "After 50 years, The Downtown Club in Fresno closes," Fresno Business Journal (Feb. 6, 2013)". Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
  34. ↑ "Lb-Petroleum-Club – I Save My Money When I Play Slots?".
  35. ↑ "Iconic Petroleum Club honored," Long Beach Press-Telegram (July 7, 2008)
  36. ↑
      • The Hollywood Athletic Club (1928–1955)
    Stephen Ceasar, "Members-only Regency Club to close after 30 years," Los Angeles Times (Feb. 25, 2011)
  37. ↑ E.S. Bates, "What's Inside Counts," Los Angeles Times (Aug. 24, 1992)
  38. ↑ "Pacheco Club Monterey – Home". pachecoclub.com.
  39. ↑ Christine Delsol, "Citrus tints fall colors in Fresno County," San Francisco Chronicle (Nov. 26, 2006)
  40. ↑ "Home – The Pacific Club CA". www.pacificclub.org.
  41. ↑ "Archives". Los Angeles Times.
  42. ↑ "Welcome to Fiddler's Restaurant - Steinhatchee, FL". SBOBET. Archived from the original on 2006-03-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  43. ↑ "Bellevue Club marks 80 years," Alameda Times-Star (Feb. 26, 2009)
  44. ↑ Debra Levi Holtz, "Oakland City Club Going, Going ... Closure, Auction Attest to Changing Society," San Francisco Chronicle (Aug. 24, 2000)
  45. ↑ "Home – The Stanford Faculty Club". facultyclub.stanford.edu.
  46. ↑ Nancy Rue, "Pascal's Wager" (Random House: 2011)
  47. ↑ "Home – University Club – Palo Alto". www.ucpaloalto.com.
  48. ↑ John Reid, "Maddy," Palo Alto Daily News (May 20, 2011)
  49. ↑ Janette Williams, "The end of an era," Pasadena Star-News (Mar. 9, 2007)
  50. ↑ "Home – University Club of Pasadena". www.universityclubpasadena.com.
  51. ↑ Jesse Katz, "Move to Admit Women Splits Claremont Club: Time Poaches on a Male Preserve," Los Angeles Times (Mar. 15, 1987)
  52. ↑ "Home – The Sutter Club". www.sutterclub.org.
  53. ↑ Allen Pierleoni, "Counter Culture: The exclusive Sutter Club," Sacramento Bee (Sept. 7, 2012) Archived 2012-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ↑ "Faculty Staff Club – Home". www.facultystaffclub.com.
  55. ↑ "Faculty Club Celebrates Staff with April Membership Promotion," States News Service (Mar. 27, 2012)
  56. ↑ "University Club atop Symphony Towers | San Diego, CA | Invited". www.invitedclubs.com.
  57. ↑ Roger Showley, "University Club: The ultimate in networking central," San Diego Union-Tribune (Feb. 23, 2011)
  58. ↑ Cercle de l'Union (official site)
  59. ↑ Lawrence Kinnaird, "History of the Greater San Francisco Bay Region" (Lewis Historical Publishing: 1966)
  60. ↑ "Business Convention Venues & Meeting Space, Bay Area, CA | Event Planning Services, San Jose, CA". cityclubsf.com.
  61. ↑ Rebecca Cook, "Posh City Clubs Loosen Their Ties to Stay Alive," Los Angeles Times (July 28, 2002)
  62. ↑ Concordia-Argonaut Club (official site)
  63. ↑ "S.F.'s Concordia Argonaut Club Board Urges Admitting Women," Los Angeles Times (June 17, 1987)
  64. ↑ "Home – Villa Taverna – San Francisco, CA". villatavernasf.com.
  65. ↑ Bigelow, Catherine (Sep 13, 2009). "Villa Taverna club celebrates 50 years". SFGATE.
  66. 1 2 3 Dave O'Brian, "View from the Top: A Pricey, Private Club Aims to Make San Jose Silicon Valley's Capital," San Jose Mercury News (Nov. 12, 1990)
  67. ↑ "Buena Vista Neighborhood Association, "San Jose: Then and Now", retrieved 08-17-2011". Archived from the original on 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
  68. ↑ Sal Pizarro, "'Man Jose' No More: Events Target Women" (July 29, 2012)
  69. ↑ "Faculty Club (Santa Barbara)". Archived from the original on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
  70. ↑ "The wild, wondrous imagination of Charles W. Moore," Smithsonian (June 1, 1984)
  71. ↑ "Home – Santa Barbara Club". www.santabarbaraclub.org.
  72. ↑ "Santa Barbara Club".
  73. 1 2 "Elena Gray-Blanc, "Private, But Not Exclusive," Santa Barbara Independent (Apr. 12, 2008) (retrieved July 1, 2013)".
  74. ↑ "Coming Soon". uclubofsantabarbara.org.
  75. ↑ "Michael Fitzgerald, "Elegant Stockton men's club recalls another era," San Joaquin Record (June 23, 2010)".
  76. ↑ "Leigh Johnsen, "The Yosemite Club Closes Its Doors," sanjoaquinhistory.org (Jan. 19, 2011) (retrieved July 1, 2013)". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  77. ↑ "El Paso Club :: Home". elpasoclub.com.
  78. ↑ Dave Philipps, "El Paso Club votes to deny women entry," Colorado Springs Gazette (July 11, 2011)
  79. ↑ The Cactus Club, "100, the Cactus Club Centennial, 1911–2011" (Club Press 2011) men only; serving lunch daily
  80. ↑ "The Denver Athletic Club | Top Ranked Athletic Club | Member-Owned – Denver Athletic Club". www.denverathleticclub.cc.
  81. ↑ Henry Dubroff, "Prestigious Denver Club to Close," Denver Post (Mar. 14, 1995)
  82. ↑ "Home". www.denverpetroleumclub.com. Archived from the original on 2013-04-04.
  83. ↑ Howard Pankratz, "Petroleum Club eager to build on history," Denver Post (Sept. 10, 2007)
  84. ↑ "Denver Press Club". Denver Press Club.
  85. ↑ "Denver History Minute – The Denver Press Club" – via www.youtube.com.
  86. ↑ "Home – University Club of Denver – Denver, CO". uclubdenver.com.
  87. ↑ Gary Massaro, "University Club Opens to Women," Denver Rocky Mountain News (Dec. 21, 1990)
  88. ↑ "Home – The Field Club Of Greenwich". www.fcofgreenwich.com.
  89. ↑ Roger Bullard, "A Century at the Field Club of Greenwich: 1908–2008" (Capital Offset: 2008)
  90. 1 2 "Home – The Elm City Club – New Haven, CT". www.graduateclub.com.
  91. ↑ "Two venerable New Haven social clubs merging | Hartford Business Journal".
  92. 1 2 "Q, Grad Clubs Merging; A New Power Lunch Era". New Haven Independent. Sep 19, 2012.
  93. ↑ "Home – New Haven Lawn Club". nhlawnclub.com.
  94. ↑ Quinnipiack Club (official site)
  95. ↑ "Home Page". tomcatcafe.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  96. ↑ Kathleen Edgecomb, "Thames Club carries on in style," Associated Press (Feb. 1, 2009)
  97. ↑ "Hartford Club Reinventing Itself | Hartford Business Journal".
  98. 1 2 3 Yearick, Bob (Dec 7, 2010). "Welcome to the Club".
  99. ↑ "Home – University and Whist Club". www.universityandwhistclub.com.
  100. ↑ "Home – The Army and Navy Club". www.armynavyclub.org.
  101. ↑ "Home – The City Tavern Club – Washington, DC". www.citytavernclubdc.org.
  102. ↑ "Web Page Error". www.georgetownclub.org. Archived from the original on 2012-05-18.
  103. ↑ "George Town Club Leaders Recruit Young Professionals | The Georgetown Dish". www.thegeorgetowndish.com.
  104. ↑ Glover, Charles C., III (1962) "A Brief History of the Metropolitan Club" Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C. vols 60-62 pp. 266–277
  105. ↑ Kincaid, Janet (Mar 7, 2008). "D.C. Confidential: The University Club".
  106. ↑ "Home – Sulgrave Club". www.sulgraveclub.org. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  107. ↑ "Public Home – University Club of Washington DC". www.universityclubdc.com.
  108. ↑ Carla Hall, "One for The Women: University Club Amends Membership Bylaws," Washington Post (June 21, 1984)
  109. ↑ "From ladies' club to luxury apartments: The Washington Club bids Dupont Circle farewell". Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-10-24.
  110. ↑ "The River Club Home Page". www.jaxriverclub.com.
  111. ↑ Christopher Calnan, "River Club project in Jacksonville, Fla., to double initial cost," Florida Times-Union (Oct. 7, 2004)
  112. ↑ "This 32-Year-Old Downtown Miami Institution Shuts Down".
  113. ↑ Bankers Club (Miami) (official site)
  114. ↑ Ted Reed, "Bankers Club the First to Let Everybody In," Miami Herald (Apr. 16, 1990)
  115. 1 2 3 4 5 "Downtown Miami Social Clubs Making Adjustments In Tough Economy". Aug 6, 2009.
  116. ↑ Ted Reed, "Elegant Brickell Club Shuts Down," Miami Herald (June 17, 1995)
  117. ↑ Oscar Pedro Musibay, "Miami City Club shutters," South Florida Business Journal (Jan. 21, 2011)
  118. ↑ Ted Reed, "University Club: The One with No Women Members," Miami Herald (Apr. 16, 1990)
  119. ↑ "Laura Layden, "Church buys Collier Athletic Club," Naplesnews.com (Nov. 18, 2010)".
  120. ↑ "Public Home – University Club Of Orlando". www.ucluborlando.com.
  121. ↑ Beth Kassab, "University Club tweaks its image," Orlando Sentinel (Nov. 16, 2009)
  122. ↑ ""North Palm's private City Club quietly closes," Palm Beach Post (Jan. 29, 2010)".
  123. ↑ "Kevin McQuaid, "Sarasota's University Club closes its doors," Sarasota Herald-Tribune (June 22, 2009)".
  124. ↑ "The Surf Club Miami Beach Luxury Condos". Miami Beach Surf Club.
  125. ↑ Andres Viglucci, "Renovation of Surf Club, where Winston Churchill painted, goes to Surfside Commission Monday," Miami Herald (Oct. 14, 2012)
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  127. ↑ "Take a peek inside the mysterious Governor's Club," Tallahassee Democrat (July 6, 2010)
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  129. ↑ Amy Scherzer, "Tampa Club gets new look," St Petersburg Times (Nov. 17, 2006)
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  194. ↑ Joyce Rosencrans, "Spindletop Hall: Texas Oil Money Built 'Modern Mansion' in the Bluegrass," Cincinnati Post (Dec. 16, 2006)
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  200. ↑ Rick Redding, "Membership at University Club Louisville Has Its Privileges," HelloLouisville.com (Feb. 27, 2012)
  201. ↑ "HOME". The Louisville Thoroughbred Society. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
  202. ↑ http://www.messenger-inquirer.com/news/local/campbell-club-closes-its-doors/article_3578b569-6c6e-56ef-abfd-7cd4a590785a.html
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  317. ↑ Jan Falstad, "Private Petroleum Club takes on updated image," Billings Gazette (Dec. 16, 2002)
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  336. 1 2 3 4 Tina Traster-Polak, "Luncheon Clubs: A Tradition Fades," New York Times (Aug. 02, 1992)
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  344. ↑ "Trenton Club Donates Artifacts," Mercerspace.com (Jan. 14, 2013)
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  346. ↑ Albuquerque Press Club (official site)
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  348. ↑ Octavio Ramos, "Haunted New Mexico: Albuquerque's The Whittlesey House," The Examiner (July 18, 2011)
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  356. ↑ Saturn Club (Buffalo, NY) (official site)
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  441. ↑ The Summit (Tulsa) (official site)
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  443. ↑ Rod Walton, "Petroleum Club falls short in effort to keep doors open," Tulsa World (July 6, 2011)
  444. ↑ Tulsa Press Club (official site)
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  448. ↑ Goldfield, Robert (12 Jan. 2001) "Atwaters closure could force Founders to move" Portland Business Journal
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  450. ↑ "Historic Bethlehem Club Closed," Associated Press (July 27, 2007)
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  452. ↑ Pomfret Club (official site)
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  454. ↑ Erie Club (official site)
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  467. ↑ David Iams, "The Exclusive-Club Life in Philadelphia is Taking a Clubbing," Philadelphia Inquirer (May 2, 1993)
  468. ↑ Rittenhouse Club (official site)
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  473. ↑ Charter and By-Laws of the Union Club of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh: Union Club of Pittsburgh. 1904. p. 1.
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  484. ↑ Mike Reuther, "Ross Club expects better year with new leadership," Williamsport Sun-Gazette (Jan. 6, 2013)
  485. ↑ Sean Adkins, "Lafayette Club in York closes after 114 years," York Daily Record (Aug. 27, 2012)
  486. ↑ John Hill, "Time running out; Trends Social clubs vanishing," Providence Journal Bulletin (Feb. 9, 2010)
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  490. ↑ "Architecture ~ The Hope Club ~ Providence," I (heart) Rhody (Jan. 31, 2013) (retrieved July 12, 2013)
  491. ↑ University Club of Providence
  492. ↑ S. Robert Chiappinelli, The University Club: The Century, 1899–1999 (Providence: 2000)
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  494. ↑ Green Boundary Club (official site)
  495. ↑ "City approves resolution to purchase 3 acres from Green Boundary," Aiken Standard (July 9, 2013)
  496. ↑ Springdale Hall Club (official site)
  497. ↑ Reid Buckley, An American Family: The Buckleys (Simon & Schuster: 2008)
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  499. 1 2 Palmetto Club (official site)
  500. 1 2 Andrew Shain, "Summit, Palmetto dining clubs to merge," Columbia State (Sept. 2, 2010)
  501. ↑ Poinsett Club (official site)
  502. ↑ Taft Matney, "The Poinsett Club: Embracing Tradition, Moving Ahead" Talk Greenville (Jan. 5, 2007)
  503. ↑ City Club of Rock Hill (official site)
  504. ↑ Julie Graham, "City Club of Rock Hill," Rock Hill Herald (Dec. 25, 2005)
  505. ↑ Piedmont Club (Spartanburg, SC) (official site)
  506. ↑ Lori Roberts, "Piedmont Club opened in 1941 to city's men," Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Dec. 30, 1990)
  507. ↑ Mountain City Club (official site)
  508. ↑ John Shearer, The Mountain City Club – A History (Chattanooga: 1998)
  509. ↑ Walden Club (official site)
  510. ↑ Ben Benton, "Protesters occupy Chestnut Street in Chattanooga," Chattanooga Times (Oct. 27, 2011)
  511. ↑ "Racquet Club of Memphis (official site)". Archived from the original on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  512. 1 2 "Historic Memphis Buildings," Historic-Memphis.com (retrieved June 18, 2013)
  513. ↑ "Crescent Club acquires Summit Club membership," Memphis Business Journal (Oct. 27, 2003)
  514. ↑ University Club of Memphis (official site)
  515. ↑ Lela Garlington, "Jury Awards Damages in Tip Suit: University Club Must Pay $500,000," Memphis Commercial Appeal (Oct. 8, 1996)
  516. ↑ Nashville City Club (official site)
  517. ↑ "Views, vibe put Nashville City Club high above the rest," Nashville Tennessean (Aug. 26, 2011)
  518. ↑ University Club of Nashville (official site)
  519. ↑ "Chef's eclectic upbringing seasons University Club menu," Nashville Tennessean (July 11, 2012)
  520. ↑ University Club of Nashville closes after 47 years
  521. ↑ Bill Whitaker, "Petroleum Club's heyday just a memory now," Abilene Reporter-News (Jan. 10, 2000) Archived 2014-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
  522. ↑ Amarillo Club (official site)
  523. ↑ Jim McBride, "Rise to the top: Amarillo Club goes from cellar to top of city skyline," Amarillo Globe-News (Nov. 22, 2007)
  524. ↑ Austin Club (official site)
  525. ↑ Campus Club (Austin, TX) (official site)
  526. ↑ Joshua Winata, "U. Texas Campus Club to relocate," Daily Texan (Nov. 1, 2006)
  527. ↑ (The University of Texas Club)
  528. ↑ (The Headliner's Club of Austin)
  529. ↑ Beaumont Club (official site) Archived 2011-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  530. ↑ Heather Nolan, "New management hopes to grow The Beaumont Club," Beaumont Enterprise (Dec. 15, 2007)
  531. ↑ Rick Spruill (Jul 15, 2015). "6 Investigates: Corpus Christi Town Club files for bankruptcy protection". KRISTV.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-29.
  532. ↑ "Corpus Christi Town Club tosses a big, fun party". Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Dec 27, 2009.
  533. ↑ City Club (Dallas) (official site)
  534. ↑ Candace Carlisle, "Prime Dallas skyscraper vistas are worth every penny," Dallas Business Journal (July 27, 2012)
  535. ↑ Dallas Petroleum Club (official site)
  536. ↑ Diana Elizabeth Kendall, Members Only: Elite Clubs and the Process of Exclusion (Rowman & Littlefield: 2008)
  537. ↑ Faculty Club of Southern Methodist University (official site)
  538. ↑ "Renovated Facility Serves Faculty and Alumni," SMU Magazine (Aug. 7, 2007)
  539. ↑ Park City Club (Dallas) (official site)
  540. ↑ Steve Brown, "Partnership buys tower in North Dallas," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 13, 2006)
  541. ↑ "In the Know: Keeping up with Bush," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 6, 2009)
  542. ↑ El Paso Club (Texas) (official site)
  543. ↑ "A new vista for El Paso Club," El Paso Inc. (Nov. 21, 2010)
  544. ↑ City Club of Fort Worth (official site)
  545. 1 2 3 Jennifer Casseday-Blair and Paul K. Harral, "Members Only," Fort Worth Magazine (Apr. 25, 2013)
  546. ↑ Fort Worth Club (official site)
  547. ↑ Petroleum Club of Fort Worth (official site)
  548. ↑ Coronado Club (official site)
  549. ↑ Mimi Swarz, "The gospel according to Matthew," Texas Monthly (Vol. 36, Issue 2: Feb. 1, 2008)
  550. ↑ Petroleum Club of Houston (official site)
  551. ↑ Bruce Nichols, "Petroleum Club back in the swing: City's economy brings new life, members to downtown destination," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 24, 2006)
  552. ↑ Summit Club (Longview, TX) (official site)
  553. ↑ Mike Elswick, "Summit Club opening set for early 2013," Longview News-Journal (Aug. 19, 2012)
  554. ↑ Walt Nett, "Members vote to disband Lubbock Club, liquidate assets," Lubbock Avalanche-Journal (Aug. 10, 2010)
  555. ↑ Petroleum Club of Midland (official site)
  556. ↑ Peter H. King, "No love for Obama in the oil fields," Los Angeles Times (Dec. 22, 2008)
  557. ↑ Argyle Club (official site)
  558. 1 2 3 4 5 Robert Wynne, "Membership in city's exclusive clubs has its price as well as its privileges," San Antonio Light (July 8, 1990)
  559. ↑ Club Giraud (official site)
  560. ↑ Petroleum Club of San Antonio (official site)
  561. ↑ David Hendricks, "Big changes coming next year for historic buildings downtown," San Antonio Express-News (July 6, 2005)
  562. ↑ Edmund Tijerina, "A new private club is coming to the Majestic Building – again," San Antonio Express-News (July 15, 2007)
  563. ↑ Judith McGinnis, "Changes in business end Wichita Club," Wichita Falls TimesRecordNews (June 20, 2010)
  564. ↑ David Clifton, "California Group Buys University Club Building in Salt Lake City," Salt Lake Tribune (July 18, 1995)
  565. ↑ Mike Donoghue, "Ethan Allen Club to see the end of an era," Burlington Free Press (Nov. 27, 2010)
  566. ↑ K. Edward Lay (2000). The Architecture of Jefferson Country: Charlottesville and Albemarle County. University of Virginia Press. p. 280. ISBN 9780813918853. The private Redlands Club has occupied the 1822 dwelling to the east of the courthouse since 1908.
  567. ↑ Colonnade Club (official site)
  568. ↑ Arthur Kyle Davis, The Colonnade Club of the University of Virginia: 75th Anniversary, 1907–1982 (University of Virginia: 1982)
  569. ↑ Carolyn Shapiro, "Longtime downtown Norfolk business club closes," Virginian-Pilot (Feb. 28, 2007)
  570. ↑ Virginia Club (official website)
  571. ↑ Tony Wharton, "Gentlemen's Club: After 57 Years, The Virginia Club is Being Forced to Leave Selden Arcade, but its New Home in the Old Southern Bank is a Nice Fit," Virginia Pilot and Ledger-Star (Jan. 25, 1997)
  572. ↑ "2300 Club is dead". Jul 23, 2017.
  573. ↑ "2300 Club (official site)". Archived from the original on 2016-10-30. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
  574. 1 2 Alissa M. Poole, "The Club Scene: Downtown is a hub of member-based gathering," Richmond Magazine (Oct. 2007)
  575. ↑ "Bull & Bear Club to close at end of month". May 5, 2015.
  576. ↑ Bull and Bear Club (official site), permanently closed May 31, 2015
  577. ↑ Aaron Kremer, "Priceless memories linger," Richmond Times-Dispatch (June 25, 2006)
  578. ↑ "The Shenandoah Club – Roanoke, VA – About Us". www.theshenandoahclub.com.
  579. ↑ Town Center City Club (official site)
  580. ↑ Matthew Jones, "Board Crafts City Club for a New Downtown," Virginian Pilot (June 21, 2003)
  581. ↑ Irene Bowers, "Elegance, Luxury, Manners Matter with Club," Virginia Beach Beacon (Mar. 14, 2013)
  582. ↑ Fauquier Club of Warrenton, Va, Officers, incorporators, charter, constitution, by-laws, and members (Williams & Wilkins Co.: 1906)
  583. ↑ Marvine Howe, "Virginia's Foothills, The Tranquil Piedmont," New York Times (May 12, 1991)
  584. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places: Warrenton Historic District," Virginia Dept. of Historic Resources (Oct. 13, 1983)
  585. 1 2 Harbor Club (official site)
  586. 1 2 Keith Ervin, "Harbor Club is Booming: Private Facility Drawing Younger, Less Traditional Eastside Business Clientele," Seattle Times (Nov. 6, 1997)
  587. ↑ Bellevue Club (official website)
  588. ↑ Julie Schaeffer, "When Fitness and Hospitality Combine," New American Luxury (Dec. 2012) Archived 2013-07-17 at archive.today
  589. ↑ College Club of Seattle (official website)
  590. 1 2 3 Sherry Grindeland, "Seattle's Exclusive Clubs Try to Boost Waning Memberships," Seattle Times (Mar. 26, 2002)
  591. ↑ Celeste Louise Smith and Julie D. Pheasant-Albright, Private Clubs of Seattle, p. 7, Arcadia (Images of America series), 2009. ISBN 978-0-7385-7072-3.
  592. ↑ University of Washington Club (official site)
  593. ↑ Peter Kelley, "The UW Club, past, present and future," University of Washington Magazine (Oct. 7, 2010)
  594. ↑ Spokane Athletic Club (official site)
  595. ↑ Mike McLean, "Spokane Club at crossroads," Spokane Journal of Business (May 9, 2013)
  596. ↑ Tom Sowa, "Spokane Club working to stem tide of defections and reinvent itself," Spokane Spokesman-Review (July 4, 2010)
  597. ↑ La Crosse Club (official site)
  598. ↑ Susan T. Hessel, Leisure with Dignity: A History of the La Crosse Club (La Crosse: 1997)
  599. ↑ Madison Club (official site)
  600. ↑ Doug Moe, "Book Marks Madison Club Milestone," Wisconsin State Journal (Mar. 25, 2009)
  601. ↑ University Club of the University of Wisconsin (official site)
  602. ↑ Phil Haslanger, "Gathering Place," Madison Capital Times (Nov. 22, 1997)
  603. ↑ Milwaukee Club (official site)
  604. ↑ H. Russell Zimmerman, The Milwaukee Club: Centennial, 1882–1982 (Milwaukee: 1982)
  605. ↑ Wisconsin Club (official site)
  606. ↑ Nick Halter, "Wisconsin Club spruces up: $2.2 million renovation will help it compete in option-filled market," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (June 20, 2008)
  607. ↑ Casper Petroleum Club (official site)
  608. ↑ Jesse McKinley, "An Oil City Fears for Its Future," New York Times (June 4, 2010)
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