This article contains lists of Palestinian suicide attacks carried out by Palestinian individuals and militant groups, usually against Israeli civilian targets. The use of indiscriminate attacks on civilian populations[1] is illegal under international law.[2]

The first suicide attack was carried out in 1989 and the attacks steeply declined by 2008. The high point was in 2002 during the Second Intifada. A 2007 study of Palestinian suicide bombings during the Second Intifada (September 2000 through August 2005) found that 39.9 percent of the suicide attacks were carried out by Hamas, 26.4 percent by Fatah, 25.7 percent by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), 5.4 percent by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and 2.7 percent by other organizations.[3]

The Simon Wiesenthal Center has advocated classifying suicide bombings as crimes against humanity, a position adopted by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch in 2002.[4]

The criteria used for this list:

  • successful deliberate attacks committed by Palestinian militant groups or individuals against either civilians or security forces, in which the perpetrators intended to die during the attack.
  • The perpetrator(s) are not included in the death tolls noted in this list.

1980s

1989

NameDateLocationDeath tollNotesRef.
Bus 405 suicide attackJuly 6, 1989Near Kiryat Yearim16Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[5]

1990s

1993

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Mehola Junction bombingApril 16, 1993Mehola junction110Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[6] [7]
Beit El car bombOctober 4, 1993Near Beit Elnone29Hamas member Sulayman Zidan was responsible.[8][9]

1994

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Afula Bus suicide bombingApril 6, 1994Afula8Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Hadera bus station suicide bombingApril 13, 1994Hadera5Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Dizengoff Street bus bombingOctober 19, 1994Tel Aviv22Attributed to Hamas.
Netzarim Junction bicycle bombingNovember 11, 1994Netzarim3Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

1995

NameDateLocationDeath tollNotesRef
Beit Lid massacreJanuary 22, 1995Beit Lid Junction21Two bombers. One detonated at rescue party. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Kfar Darom bus attackApril 9, 1995Vicinity of Kfar Darom8Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Ramat Gan bus 20 bombingJuly 24, 1995Ramat Gan6Hamas claimed responsibility.
Ramat Eshkol bus bombingAugust 21, 1995Jerusalem4Police Chief Noam Eisenman was killed. Hamas claimed responsibility.

1996

NameDateLocationDeath tollNotesRef
First Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombingFebruary 25, 1996Jerusalem Central Bus station26Hamas claimed responsibility.
Second Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombingMarch 3, 1996Jaffa street, Jerusalem19Hamas claimed responsibility.
Dizengoff Center suicide bombingMarch 4, 1996Tel Aviv13Attributed to Hamas. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

1997

NameDateLocationDeath tollNotesRef
Café Apropo bombingMarch 21, 1997Tel Aviv3Hamas claimed responsibility.
1st Mahane Yehuda Market attackJuly 30, 1997Jerusalem main market16Hamas claimed responsibility.
Ben Yehuda Street BombingSeptember 4, 1997Jerusalem Ben Yehuda Street5Hamas claimed responsibility.

1998

NameDateLocationDeath tollNotesRef
Jerusalem bombing (1998)November 6, 1998Jerusalem220 wounded. Two Islamic Jihad suicide bombers.[10]

2000s

The Al-Aqsa Intifada saw a dramatic upswing in suicide bombings, with A, 40% of the total number originated in East Jerusalem.[lower-alpha 1]

2001

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Netanya bombingMarch 4, 2001Netanya3Hamas claimed responsibility.
HaSharon Mall suicide bombingMay 18, 2001HaSharon shopping mall, Netanya5100Hamas claimed responsibility.
Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombingJune 1, 2001Tel Aviv21Hamas claimed responsibility.[12]
Binyamina train station suicide bombingJuly 16, 2001Binyamina2Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombingAugust 9, 2001Downtown Jerusalem15Carried out by Hamas together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Nahariya train station suicide bombingSeptember 9, 2001Nahariya train station3Suicide bomber was an Arab Israeli citizen. Hamas claimed responsibility.
1st Egged bus 823 bombingNovember 29, 2001Wadi Ara Junction3Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
Ben Yehuda Street BombingDecember 1, 2001Downtown Jerusalem11Hamas claimed responsibility.
Haifa bus 16 suicide bombingDecember 2, 2001Haifa15Hamas claimed responsibility.

2002

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Tel Aviv outdoor mall bombingJanuary 25, 2002Tel Aviv025Double Suicide attack, carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Fatah.
Jaffa Street bombingJanuary 27, 2002Jerusalem1First female suicide bomber in Al-Aqsa Intifada, Wafa Idris. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Karnei Shomron Mall suicide bombingFebruary 16, 2002Karnei Shomron, West Bank330PFLP claimed responsibility.[13][14]
Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacreMarch 2, 2002Yeshiva in Jerusalem11Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Café Moment bombingMarch 9, 2002Rehavia, Jerusalem11Hamas claimed responsibility.
3rd Egged bus 823 bombingMarch 20, 2002Vadi Ara, Muzmuz Junction7Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.[15]
King George Street bombingMarch 21, 2002Jerusalem3Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Passover massacreMarch 27, 2002Netanya30Suicide attack on Passover seder in Park Hotel. Carried out by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombingMarch 29, 2002Kiryat Yovel in Jerusalem2Hamas claimed responsibility.
Matza restaurant suicide bombingMarch 31, 2002Haifa15Hamas claimed responsibility.
Yagur Junction bombingApril 10, 2002Yagur8Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
3rd Mahane Yehuda Market attackApril 12, 2002Jerusalem6Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Rishon LeZion bombingMay 7, 2002Rishon LeZion15Hamas claimed responsibility.
Netanya Market bombingMay 19, 2002Netanya3Carried out by Hamas together with PFLP.
Pi Glilot bombingMay 23, 2002North of Tel Aviv0A bomb exploded underneath a fuel truck. The truck burst into flames, but the blaze was quickly contained.
Megiddo Junction bus bombingJune 5, 2002Megiddo Junction17Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Herzliya shawarma restaurant bombingJune 11, 2002Herzliya1Hamas claimed responsibility.
Patt Junction Bus BombingJune 18, 2002Jerusalem19Hamas claimed responsibility.
French Hill Junction massacreJune 19, 2002French Hill, Jerusalem7Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Immanuel bus attackJuly 16, 2002Emmanuel-Bnei Brak bus 1899Detonation of an explosive device and shooting. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Neve Shaanan Street bombingJuly 17, 2002Southern Tel Aviv5Hamas claimed responsibility.
Hebrew University massacreJuly 31, 2002Hebrew University, Jerusalem9Included American and French casualties. Bomber was from East Jerusalem. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Meron Junction Bus 361 attackAugust 4, 2002Meron Junction9Arab bomber with Israeli citizenship. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Allenby Street bus bombingSeptember 19, 2002bus 4, near the Great Synagogue, Tel Aviv6Hamas claimed responsibility.
Karkur junction suicide bombingOctober 21, 2002Karkur Junction142 Suicide bombers used a booby-trapped jeep with 100 kg TNT. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Sonol gas station bombingOctober 27, 2002Ariel, West Bank3Victims killed while trying to prevent the Palestinian from detonating the bomb. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Kiryat Menachem bus bombingNovember 21, 2002Kiryat Menahem, Jerusalem11Hamas claimed responsibility.

2003

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Tel-Aviv central bus station massacreJanuary 5, 2003Southern Tel Aviv23Carried out by two members of the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, with the help of Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Haifa bus 37 suicide bombingMarch 5, 2003Carmeliya neighborhood, Haifa17Carried out by Hamas member and attributed to Hamas, yet never acknowledged.
Kfar Saba train station bombingApril 24, 2003Kfar Saba113PFLP claimed responsibility jointly with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.[14][16]
Mike's Place suicide bombingApril 30, 2003Mike's Place pub, Tel Aviv3Carried out by Hamas using a British Muslim citizen of Pakistani descent and together with al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
Jerusalem bus 6 bombingMay 18, 2003Jerusalem7Hamas claimed responsibility.
Afula mall bombingMay 19, 2003Afula shopping center3Hamas claimed responsibility.
Davidka Square bus bombingJune 11, 2003Downtown Jerusalem17Hamas claimed responsibility.
Shmuel HaNavi bus bombingAugust 19, 2003Shmuel Hanavi, Jerusalem23Hamas claimed responsibility.
Tzrifin bus stop attackSeptember 9, 2003Bus stop near Tzrifin army base9Hamas claimed responsibility.
Café Hillel bombingSeptember 9, 2003Hillel Cafe, Jerusalem7Hamas claimed responsibility.
Maxim restaurant suicide bombingOctober 4, 2003Haifa21Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Geha Interchange bus stop bombingDecember 25, 2003Geha Junction4Over 20 injured. PFLP claimed responsibility.[14][16]

2004

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
3rd Erez Crossing attackJanuary 14, 2004Gaza Strip4Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade and Hamas claimed joint responsibility.
Gaza Street bus bombingJanuary 29, 2004Rehavia, Jerusalem11Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade and Hamas claimed responsibility.
Liberty Bell Park bus bombingFebruary 22, 2004Liberty Bell Garden, Jerusalem8Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade claimed responsibility.
Ashdod Port massacreMarch 14, 2004Port of Ashdod10Double suicide bombing. Carried out by Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade together with Hamas.
Beka'ot checkpoint bombingMay 22, 2004Beka'ot checkpoint, Jordan Valley, West Banknone1PFLP claimed responsibility.

[14][17]

Beersheba bus bombingsAugust 31, 2004Downtown Beersheba on buses 7 and 1216Hamas claimed responsibility.
Sinai bombingsOctober 7, 2004Sinai peninsula, Egypt34Suicide bombing at two Sinai holiday resorts frequented by Israeli tourists: thirty-one died at the Taba Hilton and three at Ras a-Satan. Among the dead were 12 Israelis; over 120 were wounded. The attack was masterminded by Iyad Saleh and carried out by a Palestinian group.
Carmel Market bombingNovember 1, 2004Tel Aviv330PFLP claimed responsibility.[14][18]

2005

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Karni border crossing attackJanuary 13, 2005Karni crossing, Gaza Strip6Carried out together by Hamas with Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and Popular Resistance Committees.
Stage Club bombingFebruary 25, 2005Tel Aviv sea promenade5Carried out together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and with Hizballah involvement.
1st HaSharon Mall suicide bombingJuly 12, 2005Netanya5Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Hadera Market bombingOctober 26, 2005Hadera7Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
2nd HaSharon Mall suicide bombingDecember 5, 2005Netanya5Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

2006

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
1st Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombingJanuary 19, 2006Near Tel Aviv old central bus stationnone32Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Kedumim bombingMarch 30, 2006Kdumim, West Bank4Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
2nd Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombingApril 17, 2006Near Tel Aviv old central bus station1168Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.

2007

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Eilat bakery bombingJanuary 29, 2007Eilat3Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claim joint responsibility.[19]

2008

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Dimona bombingFebruary 4, 2008Dimona19The Damascus leadership of Hamas claimed responsibility, but it has been argued they knew nothing of it, and that the operation was undertaken at the initiative of Hamas leaders in Gaza.[20] [21]
Kerem Shalom suicide bombingApril 19, 2008Kerem Shalom border crossing, Gaza Stripnone13Three Palestinian suicide bombers broke through the border fence to attack the Kerem Shalom IDF post, blowing themselves up and wounding several Israeli soldiers. Hamas claimed responsibility.[22][23]

2010s

2015

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
Ma'ale Adumim attempted bombingOctober 11, 2015Jerusalem01Palestinian female bomber detonates a bomb in her car after being stopped by traffic cops, on the road from the Israeli settlement of Ma'ale Adumim to Jerusalem.[24]

2016

NameDateLocationDeadInjuredNotesRef
2016 Jerusalem bus bombingApril 18, 2016Jerusalem020A member of Hamas was involved, but Hamas, while praising the act, did not claim responsibility.[25][26][27]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "During the second intifada, from October 2000 until October 2005, 30 suicide bombings and other attacks killed 195 people and injured many more in Jerusalem. Of these, 186 casualties resulted from attacks perpetrated by Jerusalem residents."[11]

Citations

  1. ↑ Kurz, Robert W.; Charles K. Bartles (2007). "Chechen suicide bombers" (PDF). Journal of Slavic Military Studies. Routledge. 20 (4): 529–547. doi:10.1080/13518040701703070. S2CID 96476266. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  2. ↑ "Protection of the civilian population". Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. International Committee of the Red Cross. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  3. ↑ Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers pdf Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume 21, Number 3, Summer 2007. Pages 223–238 Archived January 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ The European Union, Antisemitism, and the Politics of Denial, University of Nebraska Press, by R. Amy Elman, page 90
  5. ↑ This Week In History: Terror attack on Bus 405, Jerusalem Post
  6. ↑ The Consequences of Israel Counter Terrorism Policy, Pia Therese Jansen, p.48
  7. ↑ "Suicide car bomb kills 2 near West Bank restaurant". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. 17 April 1993.
  8. ↑ Levitt, Matthew (2004). "Hamas from Cradle to Grave". Middle East Quarterly: 3–15.
  9. ↑ "Archives - Philly.com". articles.philly.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  10. ↑ Jewish Virtual Library Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Most prominent attacks of the Second Intifada
  11. ↑ ICG 2012, p. 1, n.2.
  12. ↑ "Publications". www.ict.org.il. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  13. ↑ "Without distinction – attacks on civilians by Palestinian armed groups". Amnesty International. 2002-07-11. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "Suicide and Other Bombing Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles (Sept 1993)". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  15. ↑ "7 Die in Suicide Bomb Attack in Wadi Ara". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
  16. 1 2 כהן, אבי (26 December 2003). "ארבעה הרוגים בפיגוע בצומת גהה". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  17. ↑ וייס, אפרת (22 May 2004). "מחבל פוצץ עצמו במחסום בבקעה, חייל נפצע קל". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  18. ↑ כהן, אבי (1 November 2004). "2 נשים וגבר נרצחו בפיגוע בשוק הכרמל בת"א". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  19. ↑ Myre, Greg (30 January 2007). "Suicide Attack Is First in Israel in 9 Months". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  20. ↑ Toronto, Nathan W. (2008-04-20). "Where Have All the Bombers Gone?". Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
  21. ↑ Scott Atran, 'Who Becomes a terrorist Today?,' in C. Webel, John A. Arnaldi (eds.), The Ethics and Efficacy of the Global War on Terrorism: Fighting Terror with Terror, Springer, 2011 p.51.
  22. ↑ "Suicide bombing attack at Kerem Shalom, 13 soldiers wounded". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  23. ↑ Kershner, Isabel (20 April 2008). "Palestinian Suicide Bombers Attack Gaza Crossing". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  24. ↑ "Terrorist detonates explosive near Ma'aleh Adumim checkpoint injuring police officer". Jpost. 2015-10-11. Archived from the original on 2015-10-12. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  25. ↑ 'Israel says Jerusalem bus bombing was Hamas suicide attack,' Archived 2018-10-27 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 21 April 2016.
  26. ↑ Peter Beaumont, 'Questions remain over Jerusalem bus attack after bomber named,' Archived 2016-09-28 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian 21 April 2016.
  27. ↑ Michael Pearson and Oren Liebermann, 'Jerusalem bus bombing work of Hamas operative, police say,' Archived 2016-10-07 at the Wayback Machine CNN 21 April 2016:’Hamas said Wednesday in a statement on Hamas-run al-Aqsa TV and on the Hamas Twitter account that the bombing was conducted by a member of its military wing, Izzedine al Qassam. But the organization stopped short of a full claim of responsibility. The latest statement came from Hamas in the Bethlehem Governorate, not from the organization's official spokespeople in Gaza, where the group is based. Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups have praised the attack, but have not claimed responsibility.’

Sources

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