The Canadian province of New Brunswick was a British crown colony before it joined Canada in 1867.[1] It had a system of responsible government beginning in 1854, and has kept its own legislature to deal with provincial matters.[2] New Brunswick has a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the premier is the leader of the party that has the confidence of the Legislative Assembly to form a government. The premier is New Brunswick's head of government, and the king of Canada is its head of state and is represented by the lieutenant governor of New Brunswick. The premier picks a cabinet from the elected members to form the Executive Council of New Brunswick, and presides over that body.[3]

Members are first elected to the legislature during general elections. General elections must be conducted every five years from the date of the last election, but the premier may ask for early dissolution of the Legislative Assembly. An election may also take place if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion.[3]

New Brunswick has had 36 individuals serve as first minister. The province had five individuals as leaders while a colony, and 31 individuals after Canadian Confederation, of which two were from the Confederation Party, 11 from the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, 15 from the New Brunswick Liberal Association, one from the Anti-Confederation Party, and seven with unofficial party affiliations.

Premiers of New Brunswick

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Electoral mandates (Assembly) Political party Riding Ref.
Leader of the Government of the Colony of New Brunswick (1854–1867)
1
(1 of 2)
Charles Fisher
(1808–1880)		 1 November
1854		 May
1856		 1854 election (16th Leg.) Non-partisan MLA for York [4]
2
John Hamilton Gray
(1814–1889)		 21 June
1856		 June
1857		 1856 election (17th Leg.) Non-partisan MLA for Saint John County [5]
3
(2 of 2)
Charles Fisher
(1808–1880)		 1 June
1857		 19 March
1861		 1857 election (18th Leg.) Non-partisan MLA for York [4]
4
Samuel Leonard Tilley
(1818–1896)		 19 March
1861		 March
1865		 Appointment (18th Leg.)⁠

1861 election (19th Leg.)

 Non-partisan MLA for Saint John City
5
Albert James Smith
(1822–1883)		 21 September
1865		 14 April
1866		 1865 election (20th Leg.) Anti-Confederation MLA for Westmorland [6]
6
Peter Mitchell
(1824–1899)		 14 April
1866		 August
1867		 Appointment (20th Leg.)⁠

1866 election (21st Leg.)

 Confederation
(Ldr. 1866)		 Legislative Councillor for
colony at-large		 [7]
Premiers of the province of New Brunswick since Confederation (1867–present)
1
Andrew R. Wetmore
(1820–1892)		 16 August
1867		 25 May
1870		 Appointment (21st Leg.) Confederation
(Ldr. 1867)		 MLA for Saint John City [8]
2*
(1 of 2)
George E. King
(1839–1901)		 9 June
1870		 21 February
1871		 Appointment (21st Leg.)⁠

1870 election (22nd Leg.)

 Conservative
(Ldr. 1870)		 MLA for Saint John County [9]
3
George L. Hathaway
(1813–1872)		 21 February
1871		 5 July
1872		 Appointment (22nd Leg.) Conservative
(Ldr. 1871)		 MLA for York
4*
(2 of 2)
George E. King
(1839–1901)		 5 July
1872		 3 May
1878		 Appointment (22nd Leg.)⁠

1874 election (23rd Leg.)

 Conservative
(Ldr. 1872)		 MLA for Saint John County [9]
5
John James Fraser
(1829–1896)		 June
1878		 25 May
1882		 1878 election (24th Leg.) Conservative
(Ldr. 1878)		 MLA for York [10]
6
Daniel L. Hanington
(1835–1909)		 25 May
1882		 February
1883		 Appointment (24th Leg.)⁠

1882 election (25th Leg.)

 Conservative
(Ldr. 1882)		 MLA for Westmorland [11]
7
Andrew G. Blair
(1844–1907)		 3 March
1883		 17 July
1896		 Appointment (25th Leg.)⁠

1886 election (26th Leg.)⁠

1890 election (27th Leg.)⁠

1892 election (28th Leg.)⁠

1895 election (29th Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 1879)		 MLA for York
(1876-1892)

MLA for Queens
(1892-1896)

 [12]
8
James Mitchell
(1843–1897)		 17 July
1896		 29 October
1897		 Appointment (29th Leg.) Liberal
(Ldr. 1896)		 MLA for Charlotte
9
Henry Emmerson
(1853–1914)		 29 October
1897		 31 August
1900		 Appointment (29th Leg.)⁠

1899 election (30th Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 1897)		 MLA for Albert [13]
10
Lemuel J. Tweedie
(1849–1917)		 1 September
1900		 2 March
1907		 Appointment (30th Leg.)⁠

1903 election (31st Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 1900)		 MLA for Northumberland
11
William Pugsley
(1850–1925)		 6 March
1907		 31 May
1907		 Appointment (31st Leg.) Liberal
(Ldr. 1907)		 MLA for Kings
12
Clifford W. Robinson
(1866–1947)		 31 May
1907		 24 March
1908		 Appointment (31st Leg.) Liberal
(Ldr. 1907)		 MLA for Westmorland
13
John Douglas Hazen
(1860–1937)		 24 March
1908		 10 October
1911		 1908 election (32nd Leg.) Conservative
(Ldr. 1899)		 MLA for Sunbury
14
James Kidd Flemming
(1868–1927)		 16 October
1911		 6 December
1914		 Appointment (32nd Leg.)⁠

1912 election (33rd Leg.)

 Conservative
(Ldr. 1911)		 MLA for Carleton [14]
15
George Clarke
(1857–1917)		 6 December
1914		 1 February
1917		 Appointment (33rd Leg.) Conservative
(Ldr. 1914)		 MLA for Charlotte [15]
16
James A. Murray
(1864–1960)		 1 February
1917		 4 April
1917		 Appointment (33rd Leg.) Conservative
(Ldr. 1917)		 MLA for Kings [16]
17
Walter E. Foster
(1873–1947)		 4 April
1917		 1 February
1923		 1917 election (34th Leg.)⁠

1920 election (35th Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 1916)		 MLA for Victoria
(1917-1920)

MLA for Saint John City
(1920-1923)

 [17]
18
Peter J. Veniot
(1863–1936)		 28 February
1923		 10 September
1925		 Appointment (35th Leg.) Liberal
(Ldr. 1923)		 MLA for Gloucester [18]
19
John B. M. Baxter
(1868–1946)		 14 September
1925		 19 May
1931		 1925 election (36th Leg.)⁠

1930 election (37th Leg.)

 Conservative
(Ldr. 1925)		 MLA for Saint John County [19]
20
Charles D. Richards
(1879–1956)		 18 May
1931		 2 June
1933		 Appointment (37th Leg.) Conservative
(Ldr. 1931)		 MLA for York [20]
21
Leonard P. D. Tilley
(1870–1947)		 1 June
1933		 12 July
1935		 Appointment (37th Leg.) Conservative
(Ldr. 1933)		 MLA for Saint John City [21]
22
Allison A. Dysart
(1880–1962)		 16 July
1935		 13 March
1940		 1935 election (38th Leg.)⁠

1939 election (39th Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 1926)		 MLA for Kent [22]
23
John B. McNair
(1889–1968)		 13 March
1940		 7 October
1952		 Appointment (39th Leg.)⁠

1944 election (40th Leg.)⁠

1948 election (41st Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 1940)		 MLA for Victoria
(1940-1944)

MLA for York
(1944-1952)
24
Hugh John Flemming
(1899–1982)		 8 October
1952		 11 July
1960		 1952 election (42nd Leg.)⁠

1956 election (43rd Leg.)

 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 1951)		 MLA for Carleton
25
Louis Joseph Robichaud
(1925–2005)		 12 July
1960		 11 November
1970		 1960 election (44th Leg.)⁠

1963 election (45th Leg.)⁠

1967 election (46th Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 1958)		 MLA for Kent
26
Richard Bennett Hatfield
(1931–1991)		 11 November
1970		 27 October
1987		 1970 election (47th Leg.)⁠

1974 election (48th Leg.)⁠

1978 election (49th Leg.)⁠

1982 election (50th Leg.)

 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 1967)		 MLA for Carleton
(1961-1974)

MLA for Carleton Centre
(1974-1987)
27
Frank McKenna
(b. 1948)		 27 October
1987		 14 October
1997		 1987 election (51st Leg.)⁠

1991 election (52nd Leg.)⁠

1995 election (53rd Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 1985)		 MLA for Chatham
(1982-1995)

MLA for Miramichi-Bay du Vin
(1995-1997)

 [23]
28
Ray Frenette
(1935–2018)		 14 October
1997		 14 May
1998		 Appointment (53rd Leg.) Liberal
(Ldr. 1997)		 MLA for Moncton East
29
Camille Thériault
(b. 1955)		 14 May
1998		 21 June
1999		 Appointment (53rd Leg.) Liberal
(Ldr. 1998)		 MLA for Kent South
30
Bernard Lord
(b. 1965)		 21 June
1999		 3 October
2006		 1999 election (54th Leg.)⁠

2003 election (55th Leg.)

 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 1997)		 MLA for Moncton East
31
Shawn Graham
(b. 1968)		 3 October
2006		 12 October
2010		 2006 election (56th Leg.) Liberal
(Ldr. 2002)		 MLA for Kent
32
David Alward
(b. 1959)		 12 October
2010		 7 October
2014		 2010 election (57th Leg.) Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 2008)		 MLA for Woodstock
33
Brian Gallant
(b. 1982)		 7 October
2014		 9 November
2018		 2014 election (58th Leg.)⁠

2018 election (59th Leg.)

 Liberal
(Ldr. 2012)		 MLA for Shediac Bay-Dieppe
34
Blaine Higgs
(b. 1954)		 9 November
2018		 incumbent Appointment (59th Leg.)⁠

2020 election (60th Leg.)

 Progressive Conservative
(Ldr. 2016)		 MLA for Quispamsis

* The New Brunswick practice is to count George E. King as the 2nd and 4th premier.[24]

See also

References

General
  • "New Brunswick by the numbers". CBC. August 25, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  • "Premiers of New Brunswick". The Legislative Library of New Brunswick. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  • Doyle, Arthur T. (1984). Elections in New Brunswick, 1784-1984. Fredericton: Brunswick Press. ISBN 0-88838-391-6.
Specific
  1. ↑ "Canadian Confederation". Library and Archives Canada. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  2. ↑ "Responsible Government". Library and Archives Canada. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  3. 1 2 "The Legislative Process". Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  4. 1 2 "Fisher, Charles (Hon.)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  5. ↑ "John Hamilton Gray" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  6. ↑ "Albert J. Smith" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  7. ↑ "Peter Mitchell" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  8. ↑ "Andrew R. Wetmore" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  9. 1 2 "King, George Edwin (Hon.)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  10. ↑ "John James Fraser" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  11. ↑ "Daniel L. Hanington" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  12. ↑ "Andrew G. Blair" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  13. ↑ "Henry R. Emmerson" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  14. ↑ "James Kidd Flemming" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  15. ↑ "George J. Clarke" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  16. ↑ "James A. Murray" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  17. ↑ "Walter E. Foster" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  18. ↑ "Peter J. Veniot" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  19. ↑ "Baxter, John Babington Macaulay Sr" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  20. ↑ "Richards, Charles Dow" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  21. ↑ "Tilley, Leonard Percy DeWolfe" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  22. ↑ "Dysart, Albert Allison" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  23. ↑ "McKenna, Francis Joseph (Frank)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  24. ↑ "Shawn Graham Bios". Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. August 26, 2010. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2011.

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