This is a list of those who have served as president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) from the establishment of the position to the present. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the president is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, after the general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In its current incarnation the president is the head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as the head of government in tandem with prime minister. The president represents Vietnam internally and externally, supervises the work as well as preserving the stability of the national governmental system and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. The president appoints prime minister, vice-presidents, ministers and other officials with the consent of the National Assembly. The head of state is the de jure commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council for Defence and Security, an organ of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, with the Communist Party of Vietnam being the sole party allowed by the constitution, all the presidents of the Democratic Republic and its successor Socialist Republic have been members of the party while holding office. The current interim President is Võ Thị Ánh Xuân since the resignation of Nguyễn Xuân Phúc on 18 January 2023.

The modern office of the president of the Socialist Republic traces its lineage back to Hồ Chí Minh, the first President of the North Vietnam, and the office has no connection, or lineage, officially at least, to the head of state of the former Communist South Vietnam (Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, a communist and the head of state of South Vietnam). Officially there have been 11 presidents, although the count is 12 presidents should the one declared president of South Vietnam be counted.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam, 1945–1976)

Status
  Denotes Acting President
No.
[note 1]		 Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of Office Political Party
Officially In this state Took office Left office Time in office
Chairman of the Provisinal Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945-1946) President of Provisional Coalition Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1946) President of United Resistance Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1946) President of United Nationalist Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1946-1955) President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975
1 1 Hồ Chí Minh
(1890–1969)		 2 September 1945 2 September 1969† 24 years Indochinese Communist Party
(until February 1951)
Worker's Party of Vietnam
(from February 1951)
— — Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
(1876–1947)		 29 May 1946 21 October 1946 145 days None
— — Tôn Đức Thắng
(1888–1980)		 2 September 1969 23 September 1969 21 days Worker's Party of Vietnam
2 2 23 September 1969 2 July 1976 6 years, 283 days

Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976)

No.
[note 1]		 Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of Office Political Party
Officially In the state Took office Left office Time in office
Chairman of the Consultative Council of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
— 1 Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
(1910–1996)		 8 June 1969 2 July 1976 7 years, 24 days People's Revolutionary Party of Vietnam
(National Liberation Front)
(influenced by Worker's Party of Vietnam)

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)

Status
  Denotes Acting President
No.
[note 1]		 Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of Office Political Party
Officially In the state Took office Left office Time in office
President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
(2) 1 Tôn Đức Thắng
(1888–1980)		 2 July 1976 30 March 1980† 3 years, 272 days Worker's Party of Vietnam
(until December 1976)
Communist Party of Vietnam
(from December 1976)
— — Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
(1910–1996)		 30 March 1980 4 July 1981 1 year, 96 days Communist Party of Vietnam
Chairman of the Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
3 2 Trường Chinh
(1907–1988)		 4 July 1981 18 June 1987 5 years, 349 days Communist Party of Vietnam
4 3 – Võ Chí Công
(1912–2011)		 18 June 1987 22 September 1992 5 years, 96 days Communist Party of Vietnam
President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
5 4 – Army general Lê Đức Anh
(1920–2019)		 23 September 1992 24 September 1997 5 years, 1 day Communist Party of Vietnam
6 5 Trần Đức Lương
(1937–)		 24 September 1997 27 June 2006
resignation		 8 years, 276 days Communist Party of Vietnam
7 6 Nguyễn Minh Triết
(1942–)		 27 June 2006 25 July 2011 5 years, 28 days Communist Party of Vietnam
8 7 Trương Tấn Sang
(1949–)		 25 July 2011 2 April 2016 4 years, 252 days Communist Party of Vietnam
9 8 Police general Trần Đại Quang
(1956–2018)		 2 April 2016 21 September 2018† 2 years, 172 days Communist Party of Vietnam
— — Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
(1959–)		 21 September 2018 23 October 2018 32 days Communist Party of Vietnam
10 9 Nguyễn Phú Trọng
(1944–)		 23 October 2018 5 April 2021 2 years, 164 days Communist Party of Vietnam
11 10 Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
(1954–)		 5 April 2021 18 January 2023
resignation		 1 year, 288 days Communist Party of Vietnam
— — Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
(1970–)		 18 January 2023 2 March 2023 43 days Communist Party of Vietnam
12 11 Võ Văn Thưởng
(1970–)		 2 March 2023 Incumbent 316 days Communist Party of Vietnam

Timeline

Võ Văn ThưởngVõ Thị Ánh XuânNguyễn Xuân PhúcNguyễn Phú TrọngĐặng Thị Ngọc ThịnhTrần Đại QuangTrương Tấn SangNguyễn Minh TriếtTrần Đức LươngLê Đức AnhVõ Chí CôngTrường ChinhNguyễn Hữu ThọTôn Đức ThắngHuỳnh Thúc KhángHồ Chí Minh

List of presidents by length of tenure

Rank No. Name Party Length of term
1 1 Hồ Chí Minh ICP/WPV 24 years
2 2 Tôn Đức Thắng WPV/CPV 10 years, 210 days
3 6 Trần Đức Lương CPV 8 years, 276 days
4 3 Trường Chinh CPV 5 years, 349 days
5 4 Võ Chí Công CPV 5 years, 97 days
6 7 Nguyễn Minh Triết CPV 5 years, 28 days
7 5 Lê Đức Anh CPV 5 years
8 8 Trương Tấn Sang CPV 4 years, 252 days
9 9 Trần Đại Quang CPV 2 years, 172 days
10 10 Nguyễn Phú Trọng CPV 2 years, 164 days
11 11 Nguyễn Xuân Phúc CPV 1 year, 288 days
12 — Nguyễn Hữu Thọ CPV 1 year, 96 days
13 12 Võ Văn Thưởng CPV 316 days (Incumbent)
14 — Huỳnh Thúc Kháng None 145 days
15 — Võ Thị Ánh Xuân CPV 43 days
16 — Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh CPV 32 days

See also

Notes

    1.^ These numbers are official. The "—" denotes acting head of state. The first column shows how many presidents there have been in Vietnamese history, while the second show how many presidents there was in that state.

    References

      Bibliography

      • Koh, David (July–August 2008). "Leadership Changes at the 10th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party". Asian Survey. 48 (4): 650–672. doi:10.1525/as.2008.48.4.650. JSTOR 3738744.
      • Van, Canh Nguyen; Cooper, Earle (1983). Vietnam under Communism, 1975–1982. Hoover Press. ISBN 9780817978518.
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