The Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is a trophy awarded annually to the playoff champion club of the National Hockey League (NHL) ice hockey league. It was donated by the Governor General of Canada Lord Stanley of Preston in 1892, and is the oldest professional sports trophy in North America.[1] Inscribed the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the trophy was first awarded to Canada's amateur ice hockey clubs who won the trophy as the result of challenge games and league play. Professional clubs came to dominate the competition in the early years of the twentieth century, and in 1913 the two major professional ice hockey organizations, the National Hockey Association (NHA), forerunner of the NHL, and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), reached a gentlemen's agreement in which their respective champions would face each other in an annual series for the Stanley Cup. After a series of league mergers and folds, it became the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926, though it was nominally still subject to external challenge. After 1947, the Cup became the de jure NHL championship prize.

From 1915 to the end of the 2022–23 season, the trophy has been won 107 times. 26 teams have won the cup, 21 of which are still active in the NHL. Prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup 24 times and made the Finals an additional eleven times. There were two years when the Stanley Cup was not awarded: 1919, because of the Spanish flu pandemic, and 2005, because of the NHL lockout.

List of Stanley Cup champions is located in North America
Flames
Flames
Capitals
Capitals
Rangers
Rangers
Islanders
Islanders
Devils
Devils
Flyers
Flyers
Maple Leafs
Maple Leafs
Bruins
Bruins
Lightning
Lightning
Senators*
Senators*
Blackhawks
Blackhawks
Oilers
Oilers
Stars
Stars
Hurricanes
Hurricanes
Red Wings
Red Wings
Blues
Blues
Canadiens
Canadiens
Maroons*
Maroons*
Penguins
Penguins
Golden Knights
Golden Knights
Ducks
Ducks
Avalanche
Avalanche
Kings
Kings
Stanley Cup champions (1927–present) by number of titles: 1 – white, 2 – blue, 3 – green, 4 – yellow, 5 – orange, 6 – red, 7 or more – purple, * – denotes defunct

Challenge Cup era (1893–1914)

Two rows of ice hockey players, with the front row seated and most of the back row standing. Some of the players are holding hockey sticks, and various trophies are placed in front of them.
The first Challenge Cup champions: Montreal Hockey Club

The origins of the Challenge era come from the method of play of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada prior to 1893. From 1887 to 1893, the league did not play a round-robin format, but rather challenges between teams of the association that year, with the winner of the series being the 'interim' champion, with the final challenge winner becoming the league champion for the year. The Stanley Cup kept the tradition going, but added league championships as another way that a team could win the trophy. If a team in the same league as the current champion won the league championship, it would then inherit the Cup, without a challenge. The only time this rule was not followed was in 1904, when the Ottawa Senators club withdrew from its league, the CAHL. The trustees ruled that the Cup stayed with Ottawa, instead of the CAHL league champion.

During the challenge cup period, none of the leagues that played for the trophy had a formal playoff system to decide their respective champions; whichever team finished in first place after the regular season won the league title.[2] A playoff would only be played if teams tied for first-place in their leagues at the end of the regular season. Challenge games were played until 1912 at any time during hockey season by challenges approved and/or ordered by the Stanley Cup trustees. In 1912, Cup trustees declared that it was only to be defended at the end of the champion team's regular season.[3]

In 1908, the Allan Cup was introduced as the trophy for Canada's amateurs, as the Stanley Cup became a symbol of professional hockey supremacy.[4]

This table lists the outcome of all Stanley Cup wins, including successful victories and defenses in challenges, and league championships for the challenge era.

Notes

^ A. Although the Montreal Victorias won the AHAC title in 1895, the Stanley Cup trustees had already accepted a challenge from the 1894 Cup champion Montreal HC and Queen's University. As a compromise, the trustees decided that if the Montreal HC won the challenge match, the Victorias would become the Stanley Cup champions. The Montreals eventually won the game, 5–1, and their crosstown rivals were awarded the Cup.

^ B. Intended to be a best-of-three series, Ottawa Capitals withdrew their challenge after the first game.

^ C. The January 31 (a Saturday) game was tied 2–2 at midnight and the Mayor of Westmount refused to allow play to continue on Sunday. The game was played on February 2 (a Monday) and the January 31 game was considered to be void.[16]

^ D. For most of 1904, the Ottawa Hockey Club was not affiliated with any league.

^ E. The Montreal Wanderers were disqualified as the result of a dispute. After game one ended tied at the end of regulation, 5–5, the Wanderers refused to play overtime with the current referee, and then subsequently refused to play the next game of the series in Ottawa.

^ F. During the series, it was revealed that the Victoria club had not filed a formal challenge. A letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, stating that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger because they had not formally notified the trustees.[17] However, on March 18, Trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA president Frank Patrick had not filed a challenge because he had expected Emmett Quinn, president of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being deliberately ignored. In any case, all arrangements had been ironed out and the Victoria challenge was accepted.[18][19]

Sources
  • Coleman (1964)
  • Montreal Gazette
  • Ottawa Citizen
  • Ottawa Journal
  • Winnipeg Tribune

NHA/NHL vs. PCHA/WCHL/WHL champions (1915–1926)

Several days after the Victoria Aristocrats – Toronto Hockey Club series, Stanley Cup trustee William Foran wrote to NHA president Emmett Quinn that the trustees are "perfectly satisfied to allow the representatives of the three pro leagues (NHA, PCHA, and Maritime) to make all arrangements each season as to the series of matches to be played for the Cup." The Maritime league did not challenge for cup in 1914, and folded after the 1915 season.[20] The Stanley Cup championship finals alternated between the East and the West each year, with games played alternately under NHA or PCHA rules.[21] The Cup trustees agreed to this new arrangement, because after the Allan Cup became the highest prize for amateur hockey teams in Canada, the trustees had become dependent on the top two professional leagues to bolster the prominence of the trophy.[22] After the New Westminster Royals moved to Portland in the summer of 1914 becoming the Portland Rosebuds, an American-based team, the trustees issued a statement that the Cup was no longer for the best team in Canada, but now for the best team in the world.[21] In March 1916, the Rosebuds became the first American team to play in the Stanley Cup championship final.[23] In 1917, the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup.[24] After that season, the NHA suspended operations and the National Hockey League (NHL) took its place.[21]

In 1919, the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel their series tied at 2–2–1, marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.[25]

The format for the Stanley Cup championship changed in 1922, with the creation of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Now three leagues competed for the Cup and this necessitated a semi-final series between two league champions, with the third having a bye directly to the final.[26] In 1924, the PCHA folded and only the Vancouver and Victoria teams entered the WCHL. With the loss of the PCHA, the championship reverted to a single series.[27] After their win in 1925, the Victoria Cougars became the last team outside the NHL to win the Stanley Cup.[28] For the 1925–26 season the WCHL was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL). With the Victoria Cougars' loss in 1926, it would be the last time a non-NHL team competed for the Stanley Cup.

Numbers in parentheses in the table indicate the number of times that team has appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals, as well as each respective teams' Stanley Cup Finals record to date.

NHL champions (since 1927)

When the WHL folded in 1926 its remaining assets were acquired by the NHL, making it the only remaining league with teams competing for the Cup. Other leagues and clubs have issued challenges, but from that year forward no non-NHL team has played for it, leading it to become the de facto championship trophy of the NHL.[27] In 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trustees P. D. Ross and Cooper Smeaton to grant control of the Cup to the NHL, allowing the league itself to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup.[30][31] A 2006 Ontario Superior Court case found that the trustees had gone against Lord Stanley's conditions in the 1947 agreement.[32] The NHL has agreed to allow other teams to play for the Cup should the league not be operating, as was the case in the 2004–05 NHL lockout.[31]

Since 1927, the league's playoff format, deciding which teams advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals, has changed multiple times. In some systems that were previously used, playoff teams were seeded regardless of division or conference. From 1942 to 1967 the Cup was competed for by the league's six teams, also known as the Original Six. For three seasons after the 1967 NHL Expansion, the Finals was competed between the East Division champion and the West Division champion. In 1971, the league returned to using playoff systems that allowed cross-over between the divisions and conferences. From 1982 to 2020, the Finals was played between the league's conference playoff champions; during that period the Campbell/Western champions went a combined 111–101 in the Finals against the Wales/Eastern champions (winning 20 of 38 series). In 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting travel restrictions along the Canada–United States border forced the league to temporarily realign the teams into four regional divisions with no conferences, and hold a divisional-based playoff format: the four divisional playoff champions advanced to the Stanley Cup Semifinals, and the winners of those series moved on to the Finals. The league then returned to the Eastern vs. Western Conference format in 2022.[33]

Numbers in parentheses in the table indicate the number of times that team has appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals, as well as each respective team's Stanley Cup Finals record to date.
Championships summary[33]

Appearances

Challenge Cup era (1893–1914)

Legend: SC = successful Stanley Cup challenge or defense of championship (win); UC = unsuccessful Stanley Cup challenge or defense of championship (loss); Years in bold denote a Stanley Cup win.

TeamSCUCTotalWin %Appearances
Ottawa HC17219.8951894, 1903 (2), 1904 (4), 1905 (3), 1906 (2), 1906, 1909, 1910 (2), 1911 (3)
Montreal Wanderers10212.8331904, 1906 (2), 1907, 1907, 1908 (5), 1910 (2)
Winnipeg Victorias6511.5451896 (2), 1896, 1899, 1900, 1901 (2), 1902 (2), 1902, 1903
Montreal Victorias628.7501895, 1896, 1896, 1897 (2), 1898, 1899, 1903
Montreal Shamrocks516.8331899 (2), 1900 (3), 1901
Montreal HC5051.0001893, 1894, 1895, 1902, 1903
Quebec Bulldogs4041.0001912 (2), 1913 (2)
Rat Portage/Kenora Thistles235.4001903, 1905, 1907 (2), 1907
Toronto Blueshirts2021.0001914 (2)
Queen's University033.0001895, 1899, 1906
Brandon Wheat City022.0001904, 1907
Edmonton HC022.0001908, 1910
Galt HC022.0001910, 1911
Winnipeg Maple Leafs022.0001901, 1908

The following 16 teams unsuccessfully challenged for a Stanley Cup only once: Berlin Dutchmen (1910), Dawson City Nuggets (1905), Halifax Crescents (1900), Moncton Victorias (1912), Montreal Canadiens (1914), New Glasgow Cubs (1906), Ottawa Capitals (1897), Ottawa Victorias (1908), Port Arthur Bearcats (1911), Smiths Falls (1906), Sydney Millionaires (1913), Toronto Marlboros (1904), Toronto Professionals (1908), Toronto Wellingtons (1902), Victoria Aristocrats (1914), Winnipeg Rowing Club (1904).

Stanley Cup Finals era (since 1915)

Active teams

In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by alphabetical order. In the "Years of appearance" column, bold years indicate winning Stanley Cup Finals appearances. Unless marked otherwise, teams played in the NHL exclusively at the time they competed for the Stanley Cup.

Apps Team Wins Losses Win % Season(s)
35[a]Montreal Canadiens2410[a].7061916, 1917, 1919[a], 1924, 1925, 1930, 1931, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1989, 1993, 2021
24Detroit Red Wings1113.4581934, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2008, 2009
21Toronto Maple Leafs[b]138.6191918, 1922, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967
20Boston Bruins614.3001927, 1929, 1930, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1988, 1990, 2011, 2013, 2019
13Chicago Blackhawks[c]67.4621931, 1934, 1938, 1944, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1973, 1992, 2010, 2013, 2015
11New York Rangers47.3641928, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1937, 1940, 1950, 1972, 1979, 1994, 2014
8Philadelphia Flyers26.2501974, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1985, 1987, 1997, 2010
7Edmonton Oilers52.7141983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1990, 2006
6Pittsburgh Penguins51.8331991, 1992, 2008, 2009, 2016, 2017
5New York Islanders41.8001980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984
5New Jersey Devils32.6001995, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2012
5Tampa Bay Lightning32.6002004, 2015, 2020, 2021, 2022
5Dallas Stars[d]14.2001981, 1991, 1999, 2000, 2020
4St. Louis Blues13.2501968, 1969, 1970, 2019
3Colorado Avalanche301.0001996, 2001, 2022
3Los Angeles Kings21.6671993, 2012, 2014
3Calgary Flames12.3331986, 1989, 2004
3Vancouver Canucks03.0001982, 1994, 2011
2Carolina Hurricanes11.5002002, 2006
2Anaheim Ducks[e]11.5002003, 2007
2Washington Capitals11.5001998, 2018
2Vegas Golden Knights11.5002018, 2023
2Buffalo Sabres02.0001975, 1999
2Florida Panthers02.0001996, 2023
1Ottawa Senators[f]01.0002007
1San Jose Sharks01.0002016
1Nashville Predators01.0002017

Five active teams have yet to make a Stanley Cup Finals appearance. Three of these teams have remained in the same location since their inceptions:

The other two teams have relocated and have not made the Finals in either location:

Five relocated teams that have won the Stanley Cup in their current locations and never in their former locations:

Defunct teams

Listed after the team name is the name of the affiliated league(s) when the team competed for the Stanley Cup. A bold year denotes a Stanley Cup win.

Apps Team Wins Losses Win % Season(s)
5Ottawa Senators (NHA/NHL)41.8001915, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1927
4Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA/WCHL)13.2501915, 1918, 1921, 1922
3Montreal Maroons (NHL)21.6671926, 1928, 1935
3[a]Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA)11[a].5001917, 1919[a], 1920
2Victoria Cougars (WCHL/WHL)11.5001925, 1926
1Portland Rosebuds (PCHA)01.0001916
1Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL)01.0001923
1Calgary Tigers (WCHL)01.0001924
Notes

See also

References

General

  • "All-Time Stanley Cup Champions". NHL.com. National Hockey League. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  • "Stanley Cup-winning goals". National Hockey League. Archived from the original on April 12, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
  • "STC List of winners of the Stanley Cup". LegendsofHockey.net. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
  • "Stanley Cup Playoffs – Winners and Finalists Since 1893". The Sports Network. Archived from the original on May 2, 2008. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
  • Coleman, Charles (1964). The Trail of the Stanley Cup vol. 1. Sherbrooke Daily Record Company Ltd., NHL.
  • Coleman, Charles (1966). The Trail of the Stanley Cup vol. 2. Sherbrooke Daily Record Company Ltd., NHL.
  • Coleman, Charles (1969). The Trail of the Stanley Cup vol. 3. Sherbrooke Daily Record Company Ltd., NHL.
  • Diamond, Dan; Zweig, Eric; Duplacey, James (2003). The Ultimate Prize: The Stanley Cup. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-3830-5.
  • Diamond, Dan, ed. (1992). The Official National Hockey League Stanley Cup Centennial Book. Firefly Books. ISBN 1-895565-15-4.
  • Holzman, Morey (2002). Deceptions and Doublecross. Dundurn Press. ISBN 1-55002-413-2.
  • McCarthy, Dave, ed. (2008). The National Hockey League Official Guide & Record Book/2009. Dan Diamond Associates. ISBN 978-1-894801-14-0.
  • Podnieks, Andre (2004). Lord Stanley's Cup. Hockey Hall of Fame. Triumph Books. ISBN 1-55168-261-3.

Specific

  1. ↑ "Stanley Cup Fun Facts". NHL.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
  2. ↑ Podnieks 2004, p. 20.
  3. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Quebec Bulldogs 1911–12". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
  4. ↑ Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 19.
  5. ↑ "Champions of the World". Winnipeg Tribune. February 15, 1896. p. 1.
  6. ↑ "Winnipeg Men Win". Ottawa Journal. February 15, 1896. p. 7.
  7. ↑ "After the puck". The Globe. March 2, 1896. p. 06.
  8. ↑ "Victorias Always Win". The Globe and Mail. February 20, 1901. p. 10.
  9. ↑ "Championship Goes To Kenora Thistles". Winnipeg Tribune. February 19, 1907. p. 6.
  10. ↑ "Vics Lost First Stanley Cup Game to Wanderers". Ottawa Citizen. January 10, 1908. p. 8.
  11. ↑ "Edmonton 7–6". The Montreal Gazette. December 31, 1908. p. 2. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Ottawas Smothered Galt in Stanley Cup Match". The Ottawa Citizen. January 6, 1910. p. 9. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Sydney Not in Quebec's Class". The Montreal Gazette. March 9, 1913. p. 14. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Torontos Win Championship of NHA From Canadiens". The Toronto Sunday World. March 12, 1914. p. 8. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  15. ↑ "Torontos Beat Victoria 2 to 1–Roughest Game of Year". The Toronto Sunday World. March 20, 1914. p. 8. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  16. ↑ Coleman 1964, p. 82.
  17. ↑ "Stanley Cup Contest May Not Be for the Mug, After All is Said". Saskatoon Phoenix. March 18, 1914. p. 8.
  18. ↑ "A Tempest In a Teapot". Montreal Daily Mail. March 19, 1914. p. 9.
  19. ↑ "Stanley Cup Muddle Cleared Up". Toronto Globe and Mail. March 19, 1914.
  20. ↑ "Three Pro Leagues as to Stanley Cup". Toronto World. March 25, 1914. p. 8.
  21. 1 2 3 Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 20.
  22. ↑ Diamond 1992, p. 45.
  23. ↑ Diamond 1992, p. 46.
  24. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Seattle Metropolitans 1916–17". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2006.
  25. ↑ Podnieks 2004, p. 51.
  26. ↑ Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, pp. 20–21.
  27. 1 2 Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 21.
  28. ↑ "Stanley Cup Winners: Victoria Cougars 1924–25". Hockey Hall of Fame. Retrieved July 11, 2006.
  29. ↑ See Holzman2002. The Toronto NHL franchise (not using any nickname) was operated by the Toronto Arena Company, but only became a legal entity in the fall of 1918 as the Toronto Arena Hockey Club.
  30. ↑ Diamond, Zweig & Duplacey 2003, p. 40.
  31. 1 2 "Court:Non-NHL teams could vie for Cup". TSN. February 7, 2006. Archived from the original on December 16, 2007. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
  32. ↑ "Amateurs taking NHL to court to play for Cup". ESPN. April 13, 2005. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
  33. 1 2 "All-Time Playoff Formats". records.nhl.com. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  34. ↑ Holzman 2002.

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