Ants (family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera) are the most species-rich of all social insects, with more than 12,000 described species and many others awaiting description.[1] Formicidae is divided into 21 subfamilies, of which 17 are extant and four subfamilies are extinct, described from fossils. In total more than 300 genera have been described.[2] Ants have come to occupy virtually all major terrestrial habitats, with the exception of tundra and cold ever-wet forests. They display a wide range of social behaviors, foraging habits and associations with other organisms, which has generated scientific and public interest.[1]

The following is a list of worldwide ant genera organised by subfamily.

Key

Genus name The scientific name of the genus.
Binomial authority The binomial authority—the person who first described the species using an available scientific name.
Classified The year the genus was formally described and classified.
No. of species The number of species, both extant and extinct, that are members of the genus.
Type species The type species that was designated by the original author, unless noted otherwise. Extinct taxa are indicated by a †.
Example image An image (if available) of a species who is a member of the genus.
References Most citations provided are the first publications that describe the genus; additional citations are added if the original source does not contain all provided information.

Subfamilies

Agroecomyrmecinae

The subfamily Agroecomyrmecinae represents two extinct genera and two fossil genera, once widespread in both hemispheres during the early Tertiary.[3][4] The subfamily was originally classified as Agroecomyrmecini, a Myrmicinae tribe until English myrmecologist Barry Bolton raised the tribe to subfamily status in 2003.[5][6] Most specimens collected are from Central America and Mexico, although one type specimen of an Agroecomyrmecinae species was collected from Ghana.[7]

Agroecomyrmecinae Carpenter, 1930
Genus name Binomial authority Classified No. of species Type species Example image Ref(s)

†Agroecomyrmex

Wheeler

1910

1

†Myrmica duisburgi
†Agroecomyrmex duisburgi

[8][9]

Ankylomyrma

Bolton

1973

1

Ankylomyrma coronacantha
Ankylomyrma coronacantha

[10]

†Eulithomyrmex

Carpenter

1935

2

†Lithomyrmex rugosus
†Eulithomyrmex rugosus

[11]

Tatuidris

Brown & Kempf

1968

1

Tatuidris tatusia
Tatuidris tatusia

[4]

Amblyoponinae

The subfamily Amblyoponinae represents nine extant genera and one fossil genus. Established by Swiss myrmecologist Auguste Forel in 1893, these ants are specialist predators, distributed worldwide in the tropics.[12][13][14]

Subfamily Amblyoponinae Forel, 1893 – 10 genera, 146 species[15]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Adetomyrma Ward 1994 9 Adetomyrma venatrix
Adetomyrma venatrix		 [16]
Amblyopone Erichson 1842 10 Amblyopone australis
Amblyopone australis		 [17]
†Casaleia Pagliano & Scaramozzino 1990 4 †Protamblyopone inversa
†Casaleia eocenica		 [18]
Fulakora Mann 1919 25 Stigmatomma celata
Fulakora celata		 [19][20]
Myopopone Roger 1861 2 Myopopone maculata
Myopopone castanea		 [21][22]
Mystrium Roger 1862 14 Mystrium mysticum
Mystrium mysticum		 [23]
Onychomyrmex Emery 1895 4 Onychomyrmex hedleyi
Onychomyrmex hedleyi		 [24]
Prionopelta Mayr 1866 22 Prionopelta punctulata
Prionopelta punctulata		 [25]
Stigmatomma Roger 1859 54 Stigmatomma denticulatum
Stigmatomma denticulatum		 [26]
Xymmer Santschi 1914 1 Stigmatomma muticum
Xymmer muticus		 [27]

Aneuretinae

The subfamily Aneuretinae represents one extant genus and eight fossil genera established by Italian entomologist Carlo Emery in 1913. Only a single species of this subfamily is extant, the Sri Lankan relict ant (Aneuretus simoni), endemic to Sri Lanka.[28]

Subfamily Aneuretinae Emery, 1913 – nine genera, 12 species[29]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Aneuretellus Dlussky 1988 1 †Aneuretellus deformis — [30]
Aneuretus Emery 1893 1 Aneuretus simoni
Aneuretus simoni		 [31]
†Britaneuretus Dlussky & Perfilieva 2014 1 †Britaneuretus anglicus — [32]
†Burmomyrma Dlussky 1996 1 †Burmomyrma rossi
†Burmomyrma rossi		 [33]
†Cananeuretus Engel & Grimaldi 2005 1 †Cananeuretus occidentalis — [34]
†Mianeuretus Carpenter 1930 2 †Mianeuretus mirabilis
†Mianeuretus mirabilis		 [5]
†Paraneuretus Wheeler 1915 3 †Paraneuretus tornquisti
†Paraneuretus tornquisti		 [9]
†Pityomyrmex Wheeler 1915 1 †Pityomyrmex tornquisti
†Pityomyrmex tornquisti		 [9]
†Protaneuretus Wheeler 1915 1 †Protaneuretus succineus
†Protaneuretus succineus		 [9]

Apomyrminae

The subfamily Apomyrminae contains the single genus Apomyrma which only has one species, the rare subterranean ant Apomyrma stygia from West Africa. Several undescribed species are known to exist, all from tropical Africa.[35]

Subfamily Apomyrminae Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988 – one genus, one species[36]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Levieux 1970 1 Apomyrma stygia
Apomyrma stygia		 [37]

Brownimeciinae

The subfamily Brownimeciinae contains the single genus Brownimecia which only has one species, Brownimecia clavata. It was described in 1997 after a fossilised specimen was collected from Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and was initially placed in the subfamily Ponerinae.[38] The species was later classified into its own subfamily in 2003 by Barry Bolton.[6]

Subfamily †Brownimeciinae Bolton, 2003 – one genus, one species[39]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Brownimecia Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter 1997 1 †Brownimecia clavata
†Brownimecia clavata		 [38]

Dolichoderinae

The subfamily Dolichoderinae was established by Forel in 1878, which represents 28 extant genera and 20 fossil genera. The subfamily presents a great diversity of species throughout the world, mainly in the tropics. Most species are generalised scavengers, but some are predacious.[40][41]

Subfamily Dolichoderinae Forel, 1878 – 48 genera, 843 species[42]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Alloiomma Zhang 1989 2 †Alloiomma changweiensis — [43]
Anillidris Santschi 1936 1 Anillidris bruchi
Anillidris bruchi		 [44]
Anonychomyrma Donisthorpe 1947 26 Anonychomyrma myrmex
Anonychomyrma gilberti		 [45]
Aptinoma Fisher 2009 2 Aptinoma mangabe
Aptinoma mangabe		 [46]
Arnoldius Dubovikoff 2005 3 Bothriomyrmex flavus
Arnoldius flavus		 [47]
†Asymphylomyrmex Wheeler 1915 1 †Asymphylomyrmex balticus
†Asymphylomyrmex balticus		 [9]
Axinidris Weber 1941 21 Axinidris acholli
Axinidris acholli		 [48]
Azteca Forel 1878 86 Liometopum xanthochroum
Azteca xanthochroum		 [49]
Bothriomyrmex Emery 1869 24 Bothriomyrmex costae
Bothriomyrmex costae		 [50]
†Chronomyrmex McKellar, Glasier & Engel 2013 1 †Chronomyrmex medicinehatensis
†Chronomyrmex medicinehatensis		 [51]
Chronoxenus Santschi 1919 6 Bothriomyrmex myops
Chronoxenus myops		 [52]
†Ctenobethylus Brues 1939 1 †Ctenobethylus succinalis
†Ctenobethylus goepperti		 [53]
Doleromyrma Forel 1907 2 Tapinoma darwinianum
Doleromyrma darwiniana 		[54]
Dolichoderus Lund 1831 181 Formica attelaboides
Dolichoderus attelaboides		 [55]
Dorymyrmex Mayr 1866 60 Dorymyrmex flavescens
Dorymyrmex flavescens		 [25]
Ecphorella Forel 1909 1 Tapinoma wellmani
Ecphorella wellmani		 [56]
†Elaeomyrmex Carpenter 1930 2 †Elaeomyrmex gracilis
†Elaeomyrmex gracilis		 [5]
†Elaphrodites Zhang 1989 2 †Elaphrodites scutulatus — [43]
†Eldermyrmex Heterick & Shattuck 2011 1 †Iridomyrmex oblongiceps
†Eldermyrmex oblongiceps		 [57]
†Emplastus Donisthorpe 1920 12 †Emplastus emeryi
†Emplastus britannicus		 [58]
†Eotapinoma Dlussky 1988 3 †Eotapinoma gracilis — [30]
†Eurymyrmex Zhang, Sun & Zhang 1994 1 †Eurymyrmex geologicus — [59]
Forelius Emery 1888 18 Iridomyrmex mccooki
Forelius mccooki		 [60]
Froggattella Forel 1902 2 Acantholepis kirbii
Froggattella kirbii		 [61]
Gracilidris Wild & Cuezzo 2006 2 Gracilidris pombero
Gracilidris pombero		 [62]
Iridomyrmex Mayr 1862 84 Formica detecta
Iridomyrmex purpureus		 [22][63]
†Kotshkorkia Dlussky 1981 1 †Kotshkorkia laticeps — [64]
†Ktunaxia Lapolla & Greenwalt 2015 1 †Ktunaxia jucunda
†Ktunaxia jucunda		 [65]
Leptomyrmex Mayr 1862 29 Formica erythrocephala
Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus		 [63]
†Leptomyrmula Emery 1913 1 †Leptomyrmula maravignae
†Leptomyrmula maravignae		 [66]
Linepithema Mayr 1866 20 Linepithema fuscum
Linepithema fuscum		 [25]
Liometopum Mayr 1861 28 Liometopum microcephalum
Liometopum microcephalum		 [67]
Loweriella Shattuck 1992 1 Loweriella boltoni
Loweriella boltoni		 [68]
†Miomyrmex Carpenter 1930 2 †Miomyrmex impactus
†Miomyrmex impactus		 [5]
Nebothriomyrmex Dubovikov 2004 1 Nebothriomyrmex majeri
Nebothriomyrmex majeri		 [69]
Ochetellus Shattuck 1992 7 Ochetellus glaber
Ochetellus glaber		 [70]
Papyrius Shattuck 1992 2 Papyrius nitidus
Papyrius nitidus		 [70]
†Petraeomyrmex Carpenter 1930 1 †Petraeomyrmex minimus
†Petraeomyrmex minimus		 [5]
Philidris Shattuck 1992 9 Philidris cordata
Philidris cordata		 [70]
†Proiridomyrmex Dlussky & Rasnitsyn 2003 2 †Proiridomyrmex vetulus
†Proiridomyrmex rotundatus		 [65]
†Protazteca Carpenter 1930 5 †Protazteca elongata
†Protazteca elongata		 [5]
Ravavy Fisher 2009 1 Ravavy miafina
Ravavy miafina		 [46]
Tapinoma Förster 1850 74 Tapinoma erraticum
Tapinoma erraticum		 [71]
Technomyrmex Mayr 1872 97 Technomyrmex strenuus
Technomyrmex strenuus		 [72]
Turneria Forel 1895 8 Turneria bidentata
Turneria bidentata		 [73]
†Usomyrma Dlussky et al. 2014 1 †Usomyrma mirabilis
†Usomyrma mirabilis		 [74]
†Yantaromyrmex Dlussky & Dubovikoff 2013 5 †Yantaromyrmex geinitzi
†Yantaromyrmex geinitzi		 [75]
†Zherichinius Dlussky 1988 2 †Zherichinius horribilis
†Zherichinius horribilis		 [30]

Dorylinae

The subfamily Dorylinae was established by Leach in 1815, which represents 27 extant genera and one fossil genus. Many species of ant in this subfamily are known as army ants that are distributed in the Old World and New World.[76][77]

Subfamily Dorylinae Leach, 1815 – 28 genera, 693 species[77][78]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Acanthostichus Mayr 1887 24 Acanthostichus serratulus
Acanthostichus serratulus		 [79]
Aenictogiton Emery 1901 7 Aenictogiton fossiceps
Aenictogiton fossiceps		 [80]
Aenictus Shuckard 1840 184 Aenictus ambiguus
Aenictus ambiguus		 [81]
Cerapachys Smith 1857 5 Cerapachys antennatus
Cerapachys antennatus		 [22][82]
Cheliomyrmex Mayr 1870 4 Cheliomyrmex morosus
Cheliomyrmex morosus		 [83]
Chrysapace Crawley 1924 3[lower-alpha 1] Chrysapace jacobsonii
Chrysapace jacobsonii		 [84]
Cylindromyrmex Mayr 1870 13 Cylindromyrmex striatus
Cylindromyrmex striatus		 [83]
Dorylus Fabricius 1793 60 Dorylus helvolus
Dorylus helvolus		 [85]
Eburopone Borowiec 2016 1 Cerapachys wroughtoni
Eburopone wroughtoni		 [77]
Eciton Latreille 1804 12 Eciton hamatum
Eciton hamatum		 [86][87]
Eusphinctus Emery 1893 2 Eusphinctus furcatus
Eusphinctus furcatus		 [31]
Labidus Jurine 1807 7 Labidus coecus
Labidus coecus		 [88]
Leptanilloides Mann 1923 19 Leptanilloides biconstricta
Leptanilloides biconstricta		 [89]
Lioponera Mayr 1879 73 Lioponera longitarsus
Lioponera longitarsus		 [90]
Lividopone Bolton & Fisher 2016 1 Cerapachys lividus
Lividopone livida		 [91]
Neivamyrmex Borgmeier 1940 128 Neivamyrmex nigrescens
Neivamyrmex nigrescens		 [92]
Neocerapachys Borowiec 2016 2 Cerapachys neotropicus
Neocerapachys neotropicus		 [77]
Nomamyrmex Borgmeier 1936 2 Nomamyrmex esenbeckii
Nomamyrmex esenbeckii		 [93]
Ooceraea Roger 1862 11 Ooceraea fragosa
Ooceraea fragosa		 [23]
Parasyscia Emery, in André 1882 50 Parasyscia piochardi
Parasyscia piochardi		 [94]
†Procerapachys Wheeler 1915 3 †Procerapachys annosus
†Procerapachys annosus		 [9]
Simopone Forel 1891 39 Simopone grandidieri
Simopone grandidieri		 [95]
Sphinctomyrmex Mayr 1866 3 Sphinctomyrmex stali
Sphinctomyrmex stali		 [96]
Syscia Roger 1861 5 Syscia typhla
Syscia typhla		 [21]
Tanipone Bolton & Fisher 2012 10 Tanipone hirsuta
Tanipone hirsuta		 [97]
Vicinopone Bolton & Fisher 2012 1 Vicinopone conciliatrix
Vicinopone conciliatrix		 [97]
Yunodorylus Xu 2000 4 Yunodorylus sexspinus
Yunodorylus sexspinus		 [98]
Zasphinctus Wheeler 1918 20 Sphinctomyrmex turneri
Zasphinctus turneri		 [99]

Ectatomminae

The subfamily Ectatomminae represents four extant genera and three fossil genera, established in 1895 by Carlo Emery. They are distributed in tropical and warm climates in the New World and Old World, as well as the Indo-Australian regions.[41]

Subfamily Ectatomminae Emery, 1895 – seven genera, 278 species[100]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Canapone Dlussky 1999 1 †Canapone dentata — [101]
Ectatomma Smith 1858 16 Ectatomma tuberculatum
Ectatomma tuberculatum		 [22][102]
†Electroponera Wheeler 1915 1 †Electroponera dubia
†Electroponera dubia		 [9]
Gnamptogenys Roger 1863 143 Gnamptogenys sulcata
Gnamptogenys sulcata		 [103][104]
†Pseudectatomma Dlussky & Wedman 2012 2 †Pseudectatomma eocenica
†Pseudectatomma eocenica		 [13]
Rhytidoponera Mayr 1862 108 Rhytidoponera araneoides
Rhytidoponera araneoides		 [63][104]
Typhlomyrmex Mayr 1862 7 Scyphodon anomalum
Scyphodon anomalum		 [63]

Formiciinae

The subfamily Formiciinae represents one extinct genus of ants dating back to the Eocene.[lower-alpha 2] Ants of the genus Titanomyrma are the largest ants ever known, with queen specimens the size of small hummingbirds. Fossils have been collected from the state of Wyoming and in Germany.[106][107]

Subfamily †Formiciinae Lutz, 1986 – one, six species[108]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Formicium[lower-alpha 2] Westwood 1854 3 None[lower-alpha 3] — [109]
†Titanomyrma Archibald, Johnson, Mathewes & Greenwood 2011 3 †Titanomyrma gigantea
†Titanomyrma gigantea		 [106]

Formicinae

The subfamily Formicinae represents 51 extant genera and 30 fossil genera that are globally distributed. Established by French zoologist Pierre André Latreille in 1809, the subfamily has more than 3,000 described species, placing it as the second largest ant subfamily. Despite this, the hyperdiverse genus Camponotus is the most diverse group of ants in the world, with more than 1,100 species described.[41][110]

Subfamily Formicinae Latreille, 1809 – 82 genera, 3,243 species[111]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Acropyga Roger 1862 41 Acropyga acutiventris
Acropyga acutiventris		 [23]
Agraulomyrmex Prins 1983 2 Agraulomyrmex meridionalis
Agraulomyrmex meridionalis		 [112]
Alloformica Dlussky 1969 4 Alloformica aberrans
Alloformica aberrans		 [113]
Anoplolepis Santschi 1914 9 Anoplolepis gracilipes
Anoplolepis gracilipes		 [114]
Aphomomyrmex Emery 1899 1 Aphomomyrmex afer
Aphomomyrmex afer		 [115]
†Attopsis Heer 1850 1 †Attopsis longipennis
Attopsis longipennis		 [116]
Bajcaridris Agosti 1994 3 Bajcaridris theryi
Bajcaridris theryi		 [117]
Brachymyrmex Mayr 1868 44 Brachymyrmex patagonicus
Brachymyrmex patagonicus		 [118]
Bregmatomyrma Wheeler 1929 1 Bregmatomyrma carnosa
Bregmatomyrma carnosa		 [119]
Calomyrmex Emery 1895 9 Calomyrmex laevissimus
Calomyrmex laevissimus		 [120]
†Camponotites Steinbach 1967 5 †Camponotites silvestris
†Camponotites silvestris		 [121]
Camponotus Mayr 1861 1131 Camponotus ligniperda
Camponotus ligniperda		 [22][67]
Cataglyphis Förster 1850 91 Cataglyphis bicolor
Cataglyphis bicolor		 [122]
†Cataglyphoides Dlussky 2008 2 †Cataglyphoides constrictus
†Cataglyphoides constrictus		 [123]
†Chimaeromyrma Dlussky 1988 1 †Chimaeromyrma brachycephala — [30]
Cladomyrma Wheeler 1920 13 Cladomyrma hewitti
Cladomyrma hewitti		 [124]
†Conoformica Dlussky 2008 1 †Conoformica bitterfeldiana — [123]
†Curtipalpulus Hong 2002 1 †Curtipalpulus eocenicus — [125]
Dinomyrmex Ashmead 1905 1 Formica gigas — [126]
†Drymomyrmex Wheeler 1915 2 †Drymomyrmex fuscipennis
†Drymomyrmex fuscipennis		 [9]
Echinopla Smith 1857 33 Echinopla melanarctos
Echinopla melanarctos		 [82][127]
†Eoleptocerites Hong 2002 2 †Eoleptocerites chinensis — [125]
Euprenolepis Emery 1906 8 Euprenolepis procera
Euprenolepis procera		 [128]
†Eurytarsites Hong 2002 1 †Eurytarsites fushunensisa — [125]
Formica Linnaeus 1758 234 Formica rufa
Formica rufa		 [129]
†Fushuniformica Hong 2002 1 †Fushuniformica spinata — [125]
Gesomyrmex Mayr 1868 17 †Gesomyrmex hoernesi
†Gesomyrmex hoernesi		 [130]
Gigantiops Roger 1863 1 Gigantiops destructor
Gigantiops destructor		 [131]
†Glaphyromyrmex Wheeler 1915 1 †Glaphyromyrmex oligocenicus
†Glaphyromyrmex oligocenicus		 [9]
†Heeridris Dlussky & Putyatina 2014 1 †Heeridris croaticus — [132]
†Huaxiaformica Hong 2002 1 †Huaxiaformica mallepetiolata — [125]
Iberoformica Tinaut 1990 2 Iberoformica subrufa
Iberoformica subrufa		 [133]
†Imhoffia Heer 1850 2 †Imhoffia nigra — [116]
†Kyromyrma Grimaldi & Agosti 2000 1 †Kyromyrma neffi
†Kyromyrma neffi		 [134]
Lasiophanes Emery 1895 6 Lasiophanes atriventris
Lasiophanes atriventris		 [135]
Lasius Fabricius 1804 134 †Formica nigra
†Formica nigra		 [136]
Lepisiota Santschi 1926 81 Lepisiota rothneyi
Lepisiota rothneyi		 [137]
†Leptogasteritus Hong 2002 1 †Leptogasteritus capricornutes — [125]
†Leucotaphus Donisthorpe 1920 2 †Leucotaphus gurnetensiss
†Leucotaphus gurnetensiss		 [58]
†Liaoformica Hong 2002 1 †Liaoformica longipetiolata — [125]
†Longiformica Hong 2002 2 †Longiformica dongzhouheensis — [125]
†Magnogasterites Hong 2002 1 †Magnogasterites curticornutus — [125]
Melophorus Lubbock 1883 23 Melophorus bagoti
Melophorus bagoti		 [138]
Myrmecocystus Wesmael 1838 29 Myrmecocystus mexicanus
Myrmecocystus mexicanus		 [139]
Myrmecorhynchus André 1896 3 Myrmecorhynchus emeryi
Myrmecorhynchus emeryi		 [140]
Myrmelachista Roger 1863 56 Myrmelachista kraatzii
Myrmelachista kraatzii		 [103]
Myrmoteras Forel 1893 41 Myrmoteras binghamii
Myrmoteras binghamii		 [141]
Notoncus Emery 1895 6 Notoncus ectatommoide
Notoncus ectatommoide		 [24]
Notostigma Emery 1920 2 Notostigma carazzii
Notostigma carazzii		 [142]
Nylanderia Emery 1906 110 Nylanderia vividula
Nylanderia vividula		 [128]
Oecophylla Smith 1860 15 Oecophylla smaragdina
Oecophylla smaragdina		 [143]
Opisthopsis Dalla Torre 1893 13 Myrmecopsis respiciens
Opisthopsis respiciens
†Orbicapitia Hong 2002 1 †Orbicapitia reticulata — [125]
†Ovalicapito Hong 2002 1 †Ovalicapito fushunensis — [125]
†Ovaligastrula Hong 2002 1 †Ovaligastrula xilutianensis — [125]
Overbeckia Viehmeyer 1916 1 Overbeckia subclavata
Overbeckia subclavata		 [144]
Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe 1947 36 Paratrechina pallida
Paraparatrechina pallida		 [145]
Paratrechina Motschoulsky 1863 5 Paratrechina currens
Paratrechina longicornis		 [127][146]
Petalomyrmex Snelling 1979 1 Petalomyrmex phylax
Petalomyrmex phylax		 [147]
Plagiolepis Mayr 1861 72 Formica pygmaea
Plagiolepis pygmaea		 [67]
Polyergus Latreille 1804 14 Formica rufescens
Polyergus rufescens		 [86]
Polyrhachis Smith 1857 698 Formica bihamata
Polyrhachis bihamata		 [82]
Prenolepis Mayr 1861 17 Tapinoma nitens
Prenolepis nitens		 [22][67]
†Prodimorphomyrmex Wheeler 1915 1 †Prodimorphomyrmex primigenius
†Prodimorphomyrmex primigenius		 [9]
Proformica Ruzsky 1902 25 Formica nasuta
Proformica nasuta		 [148]
Prolasius Forel 1892 19 Formica advena
Prolasius advena		 [149]
†Protoformica Dlussky 1967 1 †Formica proformicoides — [150]
†Protrechina Wilson 1985 1 †Protrechina carpenteri
†Protrechina carpenteri		 [151]
†Pseudocamponotus Carpenter 1930 1 †Pseudocamponotus elkoanus
†Pseudocamponotus elkoanus		 [5]
Pseudolasius Emery 1887 50 Formica familiaris
Pseudolasius familiaris		 [22][152]
Pseudonotoncus Clark 1934 2 Pseudonotoncus hirsutus
Pseudonotoncus hirsutus		 [153]
Rossomyrmex Arnol'di 1928 4 Rossomyrmex proformicarum
Rossomyrmex proformicarum		 [154]
Santschiella Forel 1916 1 Santschiella kohli
Santschiella kohli		 [155]
†Sicilomyrmex Wheeler 1915 1 †Gesomyrmex corniger
†Sicilomyrmex corniger		 [9]
†Sinoformica Hong 2002 1 †Sinoformica longicapitata — [125]
†Sinotenuicapito Hong 2002 1 †Sinotenuicapito badis — [125]
Stigmacros Forel 1905 49 Acantholepis froggatti
Stigmacros froggatti		 [156]
Tapinolepis Emery 1925 14 Plagiolepis tumidula
Tapinolepis tumidula		 [157]
Teratomyrmex McAreavey 1957 3 Teratomyrmex greavesi
Teratomyrmex greavesi		 [158]
†Wilsonia Hong 2002 2 †Wilsonia megagastrosa — [125]
Zatania LaPolla, Kallal & Brady 2012 6 Paratrechina cisipa
Zatania albimaculata		 [159]

Haidomyrmecinae

The subfamily Haidomyrmecinae contains 9 fossil genera of specialized ants described from Cretaceous ambers. The Subfamily was previously treated as the tribe Haidomyrmecini and placed within Sphecomyrminae. The tribe was elevated to a subfamily in 2020.[160]

Haidomyrmecinae Bolton, 2003
Genus name Genus authority Described No. of species Type species Image Ref(s)

†Aquilomyrmex

Perrichot et al.

2020

1

†Aquilomyrmex huangi
Aquilomyrmex huangi

[160]

†Ceratomyrmex

Perrichot, Wang & Engel

2016

1

†Ceratomyrmex ellenbergeri
†Ceratomyrmex ellenbergeri

[161]

†Chonidris

Perrichot et al.

2020

1

†Chonidris insolita

[160]

†Dhagnathos

Perrichot et al.

2020

1

†Dhagnathos autokrator

[160]

†Haidomyrmex

Dlussky

1996

3

†Haidomyrmex cerberus
†Haidomyrmex cerberus

[33]

†Haidomyrmodes

Perrichot et al.

2008

1

†Haidomyrmodes mammuthus
†Haidomyrmodes mammuthus

[162]

†Haidoterminus

McKellar, Glasier & Engel

2013

1

†Haidoterminus cippus
†Haidoterminus cippus

[163]

†Linguamyrmex

Barden & Grimaldi

2017

3

†Linguamyrmex vladi
†Linguamyrmex vladi

[160]

†Protoceratomyrmex

Perrichot et al.

2020

1

†Protoceratomyrmex revelatus

[160]

Heteroponerinae

The subfamily Heteroponerinae represents three extant genera of ants, established in 2003 when Barry Bolton divided the subfamily Ponerinae into six subfamilies.[41] These ants are known from the Neotropics of Central America and South America while Aulacopone relicta is from Azerbaijan.[164]

Subfamily Heteroponerinae Bolton, 2003 – three genera, 33 species[165]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Acanthoponera Mayr 1862 4 Acanthoponera mucronata
Acanthoponera mucronata		 [63]
Aulacopone Arnol'di 1930 1 Aulacopone relicta
Aulacopone relicta		 [166]
Heteroponera Mayr 1887 28 Heteroponera carinifrons
Heteroponera carinifrons		 [79]

Leptanillinae

The subfamily Leptanillinae represents nine extant genera of ants, established in 1910 by Carlo Emery. They are subterranean ants from Africa, Europe and a single species known from Australia. Studies about their biology is minimal.[167][168]

Subfamily Leptanillinae Emery, 1910 – nine genera, 64 species[169]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Anomalomyrma Bolton 1990 3 Anomalomyrma taylori
Anomalomyrma taylori		 [170]
Furcotanilla Xu 2012 1 Furcotanilla furcomandibula — [171]
Leptanilla Emery 1870 45 Leptanilla revelierii
Leptanilla revelierii		 [172]
Noonilla Petersen 1968 1 Noonilla copiosa
Noonilla copiosa		 [173]
Opamyrma Yamane, Bui & Eguchi 2008 1 Opamyrma hungvuong
Opamyrma hungvuong		 [174]
Phaulomyrma Wheeler & Wheeler 1930 1 Phaulomyrma javana
Phaulomyrma javana		 [175]
Protanilla Taylor 1990 9 Protanilla rafflesi
Protanilla rafflesi		 [170]
Scyphodon Brues 1925 1 Scyphodon anomalum
Scyphodon anomalum		 [176]
Yavnella Kugler 1987 2 Yavnella argamani
Yavnella argamani		 [177]

Martialinae

The subfamily Martialinae contains the single genus Martialis which only has one species, Martialis heureka. The ant was discovered in 2000 Amazon rainforest near Manaus, Brazil. Described in 2008, the ant belongs to the oldest known distinct lineage to have diverged from the ancestors of all other ants.[178]

Subfamily Martialinae Rabeling & Verhaagh, 2008 – one genus, one species[179]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Martialis Rabeling & Verhaagh 2008 1 Martialis heureka
Martialis heureka		 [178]

Myrmeciinae

The subfamily Myrmeciinae represents two extant genera and five fossil genera that were once found worldwide.[lower-alpha 4] Established by Carlo Emery in 1877, the extant genera are restricted to Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand.[181] The notorious ant genus Myrmecia is known for their venomous stings and aggression, which has caused several human deaths in sensitive people.

Subfamily Myrmeciinae Emery, 1877 – seven genera, 111 species[182]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Archimyrmex Cockerell 1923 4 †Archimyrmex rostratus
†Archimyrmex rostratus		 [183]
†Avitomyrmex Archibald, Cover & Moreau 2006 3 †Avitomyrmex mastax — [184]
†Macabeemyrma Archibald, Cover & Moreau 2006 1 †Macabeemyrma ovata
†Macabeemyrma ovata		 [184]
Myrmecia Fabricius 1804 95 Myrmecia gulosa
Myrmecia gulosa		 [87][136]
†Myrmeciites[lower-alpha 4] Archibald, Cover & Moreau 2006 0 None[lower-alpha 3]
†Myrmeciites "incertae sedis"		 [184]
Nothomyrmecia Clark 1934 1 Nothomyrmecia macrops
Nothomyrmecia macrops		 [185]
†Prionomyrmex Mayr 1868 3 †Prionomyrmex longiceps
†Prionomyrmex longiceps		 [130]
†Ypresiomyrma Archibald, Cover & Moreau 2006 4 †Ypresiomyrma orbiculata
†Ypresiomyrma orbiculata		 [184]

Myrmicinae

The subfamily Myrmicinae was established by Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau in 1835. It represents 142 extant genera and 36 fossil genera that are distributed globally. It is the largest subfamily of the Formicidae, with more than 6,758 species described. The seed-harvesting ants and fungus-growing ants are well known among the Myrmicines.[41][186]

Subfamily Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 – 178 genera, 6,758 species[186]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Acanthognathus Mayr 1887 8 Acanthognathus ocellatus
Acanthognathus ocellatus		 [79]
Acanthomyrmex Emery 1893 17 Acanthomyrmex luciolae
Acanthomyrmex concavus		 [31]
Acromyrmex Mayr 1865 32 Formica hystrix
Acromyrmex balzani		 [187]
Adelomyrmex Emery 1897 30 Adelomyrmex biroi
Adelomyrmex biroi		 [188]
Adlerzia Forel 1902 1 Monomorium froggatti
Adlerzia froggatti		 [61]
†Afromyrma Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn 2004 1 †Afromyrma petrosa — [189]
†Agastomyrma Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva 2015 1 †Agastomyrma laticeps — [190]
Allomerus Mayr 1878 8 Allomerus decemarticulatus
Allomerus decemarticulatus		 [191]
Ancyridris Wheeler 1935 2 Ancyridris polyrhachioides
Ancyridris polyrhachioides		 [192]
Anillomyrma Emery 1913 2 Monomorium decamerum
Anillomyrma decamera		 [193]
Aphaenogaster Mayr 1853 204 Aphaenogaster sardoa
Aphaenogaster swammerdami		 [194]
Apterostigma Mayr 1865 47 Apterostigma pilosum
Apterostigma pilosum		 [187]
Aretidris General 2015 2 Aretidris buenaventei
Aretidris buenaventei		 [195]
Atopomyrmex André 1889 3 Atopomyrmex mocquerysi
Atopomyrmex mocquerysi		 [196]
Atta Fabricius 1804 17 Formica cephalotes
Atta cephalotes		 [136]
†Attaichnus Laza 1982 1 None — [197]
Austromorium Shattuck 2009 2 Xiphomyrmex flavigaster
Austromorium flavigaster		 [198]
Baracidris Bolton 1981 3 Baracidris meketra
Baracidris sitra		 [199]
Bariamyrma Lattke 1990 1 Bariamyrma hispidula
Bariamyrma hispidula		 [200]
Basiceros Schulz 1906 8 Meranoplus singularis
Basiceros manni		 [201]
†Biamomyrma Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva 2015 3 †Biamomyrma zherikhini — [190]
†Bilobomyrma Radchenko & Dlussky 2013 2 †Bilobomyrma ukrainica — [202]
Blepharidatta Wheeler 1915 4 Blepharidatta brasiliensis
Blepharidatta brasiliensis		 [203]
†Boltonidris Radchenko & Dlussky 2012 1 †Boltonidris mirabilis — [204]
Bondroitia Forel 1911 2 Monomorium coecum
Bondroitia lujae		 [205]
†Brachytarsites Hong 2002 1 †Brachytarsites dongzhouheensis — [125]
Calyptomyrmex Emery 1887 37 Calyptomyrmex beccarii
Calyptomyrmex beccarii		 [152]
Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 70 Cardiocondyla elegans
Cardiocondyla wroughtonii		 [206]
Carebara Westwood 1840 212 Carebara lignata
Carebara longii		 [207]
Cataulacus Smith 1853 68 Cataulacus taprobanae
Cataulacus oberthueri		 [208]
†Cephalomyrmex Carpenter 1930 1 †Cephalomyrmex rotundatus
†Cephalomyrmex rotundatus		 [5]
Cephalotes Latreille 1802 135 Formica atrata
Cephalotes atratus		 [209]
Chimaeridris Wilson 1989 2 Chimaeridris boltoni
Chimaeridris boltoni		 [210]
†Clavipetiola Hong 2002 1 †Clavipetiola asiatica — [125]
Colobostruma Wheeler 1927 16 Epopostruma leae
Colobostruma foliacea		 [211]
Crematogaster Lund 1831 496 Formica scutellaris
Crematogaster scutellaris		 [55]
Cryptomyrmex Fernández 2004 2 Adelomyrmex longinodus
Cryptomyrmex longinodus		 [212]
Cyatta Sosa-Calvo et al. 2013 1 Cyatta abscondita
Cyatta abscondita		 [213]
Cyphoidris Weber 1952 4 Cyphoidris spinosa
Cyphoidris spinosa		 [214]
Cyphomyrmex Mayr 1862 41 Cyphomyrmex minutus
Cyphomyrmex minutus		 [63]
Dacatria Rigato 1994 1 Dacatria templaris
Dacatria templaris		 [215]
Dacetinops Brown & Wilson 1957 7 Dacetinops cibdelus
Dacetinops cibdelus		 [216]
Daceton Perty 1833 2 Formica armigera
Daceton armigerum		 [217]
Diaphoromyrma Fernández, Delabie & Nascimento 2009 1 Diaphoromyrma sofiae
Diaphoromyrma sofiae		 [218]
Dicroaspis Emery 1908 2 Dicroaspis cryptocera
Dicroaspis cryptocera		 [219]
Dilobocondyla Santschi 1910 19 Atopomyrmex selebensis
Dilobocondyla fouqueti		 [220]
Diplomorium Mayr 1901 1 Diplomorium longipenne
Diplomorium longipenne		 [221]
Dolopomyrmex Cover & Deyrup 2007 1 Dolopomyrmex pilatus
Dolopomyrmex pilatus		 [222]
†Electromyrmex Wheeler 1910 1 †Electromyrmex klebsi
†Electromyrmex klebsi		 [223]
†Enneamerus Mayr 1868 1 †Enneamerus reticulatus
†Enneamerus reticulatus		 [130]
†Eocenidris Wilson 1985 1 †Eocenidris crassa
†Eocenidris crassa		 [151]
†Eocenomyrma Dlussky & Radchenko 2006 4 †Eocenomyrma orthospina
†Eocenomyrma orthospina		 [224]
†Eomyrmex Hong 1974 1 †Eomyrmex guchengziensis — [225]
Epelysidris Bolton 1987 1 Epelysidris brocha
Epelysidris brocha		 [226]
Epopostruma Forel 1895 19 Strumigenys quadrispinosa
Epopostruma natalae		 [73]
Eurhopalothrix Brown & Kempf 1961 53 Rhopalothrix bolaui
Eurhopalothrix bolaui		 [227]
Eutetramorium Emery 1899 3 Eutetramorium mocquerysi
Eutetramorium mocquerysi		 [228]
†Fallomyrma Dlussky & Radchenko 2006 1 †Fallomyrma transversa — [229]
Formicoxenus Mayr 1855 7 Myrmica nitidula
Formicoxenus nitidulus		 [230]
Formosimyrma Terayama 2009 1 Formosimyrma lanuyensis
Formosimyrma lanuyensis		 [231]
†Fushunomyrmex Hong 2002 1 †Fushunomyrmex liaoningensis — [125]
Gaoligongidris Xu 2012 1 Gaoligongidris planodorsa — [232]
Gauromyrmex Menozzi 1933 2 Gauromyrmex bengakalisi
Gauromyrmex bengakalisi		 [233]
Goniomma Emery 1895 8 Aphaenogaster blanci
Goniomma collingwoodi		 [234]
Harpagoxenus Forel 1893 3 Myrmica sublaevis
Harpagoxenus sublaevis		 [235]
Huberia Forel 1890 2 Tetramorium striatum
Huberia striata		 [236]
Hylomyrma Forel 1912 13 Pogonomyrmex columbicus
Hylomyrma balzani		 [237]
†Hypopomyrmex Emery 1891 1 †Hypopomyrmex bombiccii
†Hypopomyrmex bombiccii		 [238]
†Ilemomyrmex Wilson 1985 1 †Ilemomyrmex caecus
†Ilemomyrmex caecus		 [239]
Indomyrma Brown 1986 2 Indomyrma dasypyx
Indomyrma dasypyx		 [240]
Ishakidris Bolton 1984 1 Ishakidris ascitaspis
Ishakidris ascitaspis		 [241]
Kalathomyrmex Klingenberg & Brandão 2009 1 Myrmicocrypta emeryi
Kalathomyrmex emeryi		 [242]
Kartidris Bolton 1991 6 Kartidris nyos
Kartidris nyos		 [243]
Kempfidris Fernández, Feitosa & Lattke 2014 1 Monomorium inusuale
Kempfidris inusualis		 [244]
Lachnomyrmex Wheeler 1910 16 Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus
Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus		 [8]
Lasiomyrma Terayama & Yamane 2000 4 Lasiomyrma gedensis
Lasiomyrma gedensis		 [245]
Lenomyrmex Fernández & Palacio 1999 6 Lenomyrmex mandibularis
Lenomyrmex colwelli		 [246]
Leptothorax Mayr 1855 19 Formica acervorum
Leptothorax acervorum		 [230]
Liomyrmex Mayr 1865 1 Myrmica caeca
Liomyrmex gestroi		 [187]
†Lonchomyrmex Mayr 1867 2 †Lonchomyrmex freyeri — [247]
Lophomyrmex Emery 1892 13 Oecodoma quadrispinosa
Lophomyrmex longicornis		 [248]
Lordomyrma Emery 1897 34 Lordomyrma furcifera
Lordomyrma furcifera		 [188]
Malagidris Bolton & Fisher 2014 6 Aphaenogaster belti
Malagidris belti		 [249]
Manica Jurine 1807 6 Formica rubida
Manica rubida		 [88]
Mayriella Forel 1902 9 Mayriella abstinens
Mayriella abstinens		 [61]
Megalomyrmex Forel 1885 44 Megalomyrmex leoninus
Megalomyrmex leoninus		 [250]
Melissotarsus Emery 1877 4 Melissotarsus beccarii
Melissotarsus beccarii		 [251]
Meranoplus Smith 1853 90 Cryptocerus bicolor
Meranoplus bicolor		 [208]
Mesostruma Brown 1948 9 Strumigenys turneri
Mesostruma turneri		 [252]
Messor Forel 1890 110 Formica barbara
Messor barbarus		 [253]
Metapone Forel 1911 18 Metapone greeni
Metapone emersoni		 [254]
Microdaceton Santschi 1913 4 Microdaceton exornatum
Microdaceton exornatum		 [255]
†Miosolenopsis Zhang 1989 1 †Miosolenopsis fossilis — [43]
Monomorium Mayr 1855 372 Monomorium monomorium
Monomorium pharaonis		 [230]
Mycetagroicus Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes 2001 4 Mycetagroicus cerradensis
Mycetagroicus cerradensis		 [256]
Mycetarotes Emery 1913 4 Cyphomyrmex parallelus
Mycetarotes parallelus		 [193]
Mycetophylax Emery 1913 3 Myrmicocrypta brittoni
Mycetophylax conformis		 [193]
Mycetosoritis Wheeler 1907 5 Atta hartmanni
Mycetosoritis hartmanni		 [257]
Mycocepurus Forel 1893 6 Atta smithii
Mycocepurus smithii		 [258]
Myrmecina Curtis 1829 51 Myrmecina latreillii
Myrmecina graminicola		 [259]
†Myrmecites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn 2003 6 †Myrmecites rotundiceps — [260]
Myrmica Latreille 1804 211 Formica rubra
Myrmica rubra		 [86]
Myrmicaria Saunders 1842 32 Myrmicaria brunnea
Myrmicaria brunnea		 [261]
Myrmicocrypta Smith 1860 27 Myrmicocrypta squamosa
Myrmicocrypta squamosa		 [262]
Myrmisaraka Bolton & Fisher 2014 2 Myrmisaraka producta
Myrmisaraka producta		 [249]
Nesomyrmex Wheeler 1910 57 Nesomyrmex clavipilis
Nesomyrmex angulatus		 [8]
Novomessor Emery 1915 3 Aphaenogaster cockerelli
Novomessor cockerelli		 [263]
Ochetomyrmex Mayr 1878 2 Ochetomyrmex semipolitus
Ochetomyrmex semipolitus		 [191]
Octostruma Forel 1912 34 Rhopalothrix simoni
Octostruma iheringi		 [264]
Ocymyrmex Emery 1886 37 Ocymyrmex barbiger
Ocymyrmex dekerus		 [265]
†Orbigastrula Hong 2002 1 †Orbigastrula guchengziensis — [125]
Orectognathus Smith 1853 29 Orectognathus antennatus
Orectognathus antennatus		 [208]
Oxyepoecus Santschi 1926 21 Oxyepoecus bruchi
Oxyepoecus bruchi		 [266]
†Oxyidris Wilson 1985 1 †Oxyidris antillana
†Oxyidris antillana		 [239]
Oxyopomyrmex André 1881 12 Oxyopomyrmex oculatus
Oxyopomyrmex oculatus		 [267]
†Parameranoplus Wheeler 1915 1 †Parameranoplus primaevus
†Parameranoplus primaevus		 [9]
Paramycetophylax Kusnezov 1956 1 Sericomyrmex bruchi
Paramycetophylax bruchi		 [268]
†Paraphaenogaster Dlussky 1981 4 †Paraphaenogaster microphthalmus
†Paraphaenogaster hooleyana		 [64]
Paratopula Wheeler 1919 11 Atopomyrmex ceylonicus
Paratopula macta		 [269]
Patagonomyrmex Johnson & Moreau 2016 3 Pogonomyrmex angustus
Patagonomyrmex angustus		 [270]
Perissomyrmex Smith 1947 6 Perissomyrmex snyderi
Perissomyrmex snyderi		 [271]
Peronomyrmex Viehmeyer 1922 3 Peronomyrmex overbecki
Peronomyrmex greavesi		 [272]
Phalacromyrmex Kempf 1960 1 Phalacromyrmex fugax
Phalacromyrmex fugax		 [273]
Pheidole Westwood 1839 1007 Atta providens
Pheidole rhea		 [274]
Pilotrochus Brown 1978 1 Pilotrochus besmerus
Pilotrochus besmerus		 [275]
†Plesiomyrmex Dlussky & Radchenko 2009 1 †Plesiomyrmex tubulatus — [276]
Podomyrma Smith 1859 52 Podomyrma femorata
Podomyrma minor		 [277]
Poecilomyrma Mann 1921 2 Poecilomyrma senirewae
Poecilomyrma senirewae		 [278]
Pogonomyrmex Mayr 1868 69 Formica badia
Camponotus badius		 [118]
Pristomyrmex Mayr 1866 60 Pristomyrmex pungens
Pristomyrmex punctatus		 [96]
Proatta Forel 1912 1 Proatta butteli
Proatta butteli		 [279]
Procryptocerus Emery 1887 45 Meranoplus striatus
Procryptocerus hylaeus		 [152]
Propodilobus Branstetter 2009 1 Stenamma orientale
Propodilobus orientale		 [280]
Protalaridris Brown 1980 1 Protalaridris armata
Protalaridris armata		 [281]
†Protomyrmica Dlussky & Radchenko 2009 1 †Protomyrmica atavia
†Protomyrmica atavia		 [276]
Pseudoatta Gallardo 1916 1 Pseudoatta argentina
Pseudoatta argentina		 [282]
†Quadrulicapito Hong 2002 1 †Quadrulicapito longa — [125]
†Quineangulicapito Hong 2002 1 †Quineangulicapito fushunensis — [125]
Recurvidris Bolton 1992 11 None
Recurvidris recurvispinosa		 [283]
Rhopalomastix Forel 1900 6 Rhopalomastix rothneyi
Rhopalomastix rothneyi		 [284]
Rhopalothrix Mayr 1870 16 Rhopalothrix ciliata
Rhopalothrix ciliata		 [285]
Rogeria Emery 1894 40 Rogeria curvipubens
Rogeria curvipubens		 [286]
Romblonella Wheeler 1935 9 Romblonella grandinodis
Romblonella opaca		 [192]
Rostromyrmex Rosciszewski 1994 1 Rostromyrmex pasohensis
Rostromyrmex pasohensis		 [287]
Rotastruma Bolton 1991 2 Rotastruma recava
Rotastruma recava		 [243]
Royidris Bolton & Fisher 2014 15 Monomorium robertsoni
Royidris robertsoni		 [249]
Secostruma Bolton 1988 1 Secostruma lethifera
Secostruma lethifera		 [288]
Sericomyrmex Mayr 1865 19 Sericomyrmex opacus
Sericomyrmex amabilis		 [187]
†Sinomyrmex Hong 2002 2 †Sinomyrmex brunneus — [125]
Solenopsis Westwood 1840 205 Solenopsis mandibularis
Solenopsis geminata		 [207]
†Solenopsites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn 2003 3 †Solenopsites minutus
†Solenopsites rossi		 [260]
†Sphaerogasterites Hong 2002 1 †Sphaerogasterites longipetiolatus — [125]
Stegomyrmex Emery 1912 5 Stegomyrmex connectens
Stegomyrmex vizottoi		 [289]
Stenamma Westwood 1839 85 Stenamma westwoodii
Stenamma westwoodii		 [274]
Stereomyrmex Emery 1901 3 Stereomyrmex horni
Stereomyrmex horni		 [290]
†Stigmomyrmex Mayr 1868 1 †Stigmomyrmex venustus
†Stigmomyrmex venustus		 [130]
†Stiphromyrmex Wheeler 1915 1 †Stiphromyrmex robustus
†Stiphromyrmex robustus		 [9]
Strongylognathus Mayr 1853 24 Eciton testaceum
Strongylognathus testaceus		 [291][292]
Strumigenys Smith 1860 842 Strumigenys mandibularis
Strumigenys abdera		 [262]
Syllophopsis Santschi 1915 20 Monomorium modestum
Syllophopsis modesta		 [293]
Talaridris Weber 1941 1 Talaridris mandibularis
Talaridris mandibularis		 [48]
Temnothorax Mayr 1861 395 Myrmica recedens
Temnothorax unifasciatus		 [67]
Terataner Emery 1912 12 Atopomyrmex foreli
Terataner foreli		 [289]
Tetheamyrma Bolton 1991 1 Tetheamyrma subspongia
Tetheamyrma subspongia		 [243]
Tetramorium Mayr 1855 569 Formica caespitum
Tetramorium caespitum		 [230]
Trachymyrmex Forel 1893 48 Atta septentrionalis
Trachymyrmex septentrionalis		 [258]
Tranopelta Mayr 1866 2 Tranopelta gilva
Tranopelta gilva		 [25]
Trichomyrmex Mayr 1865 18 Trichomyrmex rogeri
Trichomyrmex destructor		 [187]
Tropidomyrmex Silva, Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz 2009 1 Tropidomyrmex elianae
Tropidomyrmex elianae		 [294]
Tyrannomyrmex Fernández 2003 3 Tyrannomyrmex rex
Tyrannomyrmex dux		 [295]
Veromessor Forel 1917 9 Aphaenogaster andrei
Veromessor andrei		 [296]
Vitsika Bolton & Fisher 2014 14 Vitsika crebra
Vitsika crebra		 [249]
Vollenhovia Mayr 1865 62 Vollenhovia punctatostriata
Vollenhovia emeryi		 [187]
Vombisidris Bolton 1991 17 Vombisidris philax
Vombisidris philax		 [243]
Wasmannia Forel 1893 11 Tetramorium auropunctatum
Wasmannia auropunctata		 [297]
†Wumyrmex Hong 2002 1 †Wumyrmex furvis — [125]
Xenomyrmex Forel 1885 4 Xenomyrmex stollii
Xenomyrmex stollii		 [250]
†Zhangidris Bolton 2003 1 †Heteromyrmex atopogaster — [6]

Paraponerinae

The subfamily Paraponerinae contains a single genus Paraponera. This genus has two species, one of which was found in Dominican amber from the Miocene.[298] The extant species, Paraponera clavata, is found in Central America and South America, and the pain from its sting is said to be greater than any other insect sting on earth.[299]

Subfamily Paraponerinae Emery, 1901 – one genus, two species[300]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Paraponera Smith 1858 2 Paraponera clavata
Paraponera clavata		 [102]

Ponerinae

The subfamily Ponerinae was established by Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau in 1835, which represents 47 extant genera and 12 fossil genera. The subfamily is among the most diverse in the family Formicidae, with more than 1,000 species described. They are mostly distributed in the tropics and subtropics.[6][41]

Subfamily Ponerinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 – 59 genera, 1,287 species[301]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Afropone Dlussky et al. 2004 2 Afropone oculata — [189]
Anochetus Mayr 1861 122 Anochetus ghilianii
Anochetus ghilianii		 [67]
†Archiponera Carpenter 1930 1 †Archiponera wheeleri
†Archiponera wheeleri		 [5]
Asphinctopone Santschi 1914 3 Asphinctopone silvestrii
Asphinctopone silvestrii		 [27]
Austroponera Schmidt & Shattuck 2014 3 Austroponera rufonigra
Austroponera rufonigra		 [302]
Belonopelta Mayr 1870 2 Belonopelta attenuata
Belonopelta attenuata		 [285]
Boloponera Fisher 2006 1 Boloponera vicans
Boloponera vicans		 [303]
Bothroponera Mayr 1862 37 Bothroponera pumicosa
Bothroponera pumicosa		 [63]
Brachyponera Emery 1900 19 Brachyponera croceicornis
Brachyponera croceicornis		 [304]
Buniapone Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014 2014 1 Buniapone amblyops
Buniapone amblyops		 [302]
Centromyrmex Mayr 1866 15 Centromyrmex bohemanni
Centromyrmex bohemanni		 [96]
†Cephalopone Dlussky & Wedmann 2012 2 †Cephalopone potens
†Cephalopone potens		 [13]
Cryptopone Emery 1893 24 Cryptopone testacea
Cryptopone testacea		 [31]
†Cyrtopone Dlussky & Wedmann 2012 4 †Cyrtopone microcephala
†Cyrtopone microcephala		 [13]
Diacamma Mayr 1862 24 Diacamma rugosum
Diacamma rugosum		 [63]
Dinoponera Roger 1861 8 Dinoponera gigantea
Dinoponera gigantea		 [21]
Dolioponera Brown 1974 1 Dolioponera fustigera
Dolioponera fustigera		 [305]
Ectomomyrmex Mayr 1867 28 Ectomomyrmex javanus
Ectomomyrmex javanus		 [22][306]
Emeryopone Forel 1912 5 Emeryopone buttelreepeni
Emeryopone buttelreepeni		 [279]
†Eogorgites Hong 2002 1 †Eogorgites cingulatus — [125]
†Eoponerites Hong 2002 1 †Eoponerites longipetiolatus — [125]
Euponera Forel 1891 27 Euponera sikorae
Euponera sikorae		 [95]
Feroponera Bolton & Fisher 2008 1 Feroponera ferox
Feroponera ferox		 [307]
Fisheropone Schmidt & Shattuck 2014 1 Fisheropone ambigua
Fisheropone ambigua		 [302]
†Furcisutura Hong 2002 1 †Furcisutura wanghuacunensis — [125]
Hagensia Forel 1901 2 Hagensia havilandi
Hagensia havilandi		 [308]
Harpegnathos Jerdon 1851 7 Harpegnathos saltator
Harpegnathos saltator		 [309]
Hypoponera Santschi 1938 154 Hypoponera abeillei
Hypoponera abeillei		 [310]
Iroponera Schmidt & Shattuck 2014 1 Iroponera odax
Iroponera odax		 [302]
Leptogenys Roger 1861 308 Leptogenys falcigera
Leptogenys falcigera		 [21]
Loboponera Bolton & Brown 2002 9 Loboponera vigilans
Loboponera vigilans		 [311]
†Longicapitia Hong 2002 1 †Longicapitia reticulata — [125]
Mayaponera Schmidt & Shattuck 2014 1 Mayaponera constricta
Mayaponera constricta		 [302]
Megaponera Mayr 1862 1 Megaponera analis
Megaponera analis		 [63]
Mesoponera Emery 1900 20 Mesoponera melanaria
Mesoponera melanaria		 [312]
†Messelepone Dlussky & Wedmann 2012 1 †Messelepone leptogenoides
†Messelepone leptogenoides		 [13]
Myopias Roger 1861 40 Myopias amblyops
Myopias amblyops		 [21]
Neoponera Emery 1901 57 Neoponera villosa
Neoponera villosa		 [313]
Odontomachus Latreille 1804 70 Odontomachus haematodus
Odontomachus haematodus		 [86]
Odontoponera Mayr 1862 2 Odontoponera denticulata
Odontoponera denticulata		 [63]
Ophthalmopone Forel 1890 5 Ophthalmopone berthoudi
Ophthalmopone berthoudi		 [236]
Pachycondyla Smith 1858 36 Pachycondyla crassinoda
Pachycondyla crassinoda		 [102]
Paltothyreus Mayr 1862 1 Paltothyreus tarsatus
Paltothyreus tarsatus		 [313]
Parvaponera Schmidt & Shattuck 2014 4 Parvaponera darwinii
Parvaponera darwinii		 [302]
Phrynoponera Wheeler 1920 5 Phrynoponera gabonensis
Phrynoponera gabonensis		 [124]
Platythyrea Roger 1863 44 Platythyrea punctata
Platythyrea punctata		 [22][103]
Plectroctena Smith 1858 17 Plectroctena mandibularis
Plectroctena mandibularis		 [102]
Ponera Latreille 1804 62 Ponera coarctata
Ponera coarctata		 [86][274]
†Ponerites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn 2003 14 †Ponerites eocenicus
†Ponerites eocenicus		 [260]
Promyopias Santschi 1914 1 Promyopias silvestrii
Promyopias silvestrii		 [27]
†Protopone Dlussky 1988 7 †Protopone primigena
†Protopone primigena		 [30]
Psalidomyrmex André 1890 6 Psalidomyrmex foveolatus
Psalidomyrmex foveolatus		 [314]
Pseudoneoponera Donisthorpe 1943 18 Pseudoneoponera verecundae
Pseudoneoponera verecundae		 [315]
Pseudoponera Emery 1900 6 Pseudoponera stigma
Pseudoponera stigma		 [304]
Rasopone Schmidt & Shattuck 2014 11 Rasopone ferruginea
Rasopone ferruginea		 [302]
Simopelta Mann 1922 22 Simopelta jeckylli
Simopelta jeckylli		 [316]
Streblognathus Mayr 1862 2 Streblognathus aethiopicus
Streblognathus aethiopicus		 [63]
†Taphopone Dlussky & Perfilieva 2014 6 †Taphopone karaganensis
†Taphopone macroptera		 [32]
Thaumatomyrmex Mayr 1887 12 Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus
Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus		 [79]

Proceratiinae

The subfamily Proceratiinae was established by Italian entomologist Carlo Emery in 1895, which represents three extant genera and one extinct genus. Found worldwide, these ants are mainly encountered in tropical and subtropical areas. Little is known about their biology.[41][317]

Subfamily Proceratiinae Emery, 1895 – four genera, 155 species[318]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
†Bradoponera Mayr 1868 4 †Bradoponera meieri
†Bradoponera meieri		 [130]
Discothyrea Roger 1863 37 Discothyrea testacea
Discothyrea testacea		 [103]
Probolomyrmex Mayr 1901 26 Probolomyrmex filiformis
Probolomyrmex filiformis		 [221]
Proceratium Roger 1863 88 Proceratium silaceum
Proceratium silaceum		 [103]

Pseudomyrmecinae

The subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae was established by M.R. Smith in 1952,[319] which represents three genera of ants that are primarily arboreal nesting ants in the tropical and subtropical regions.[320] They are found in Africa, Asia, Australia, North America and South America.[321]

Subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae Smith, 1952 – three genera, 251 species[322]
Genus nameBinomial authorityClassifiedNo. of speciesType speciesExample imageRef(s)
Myrcidris Ward 1990 1 Myrcidris epicharis
Myrcidris epicharis		 [320]
Pseudomyrmex Lund 1831 147 Pseudomyrmex gracilis
Pseudomyrmex gracilis		 [319][323]
Tetraponera Smith 1852 103 Tetraponera nigra
Tetraponera nigra		 [324]

Sphecomyrminae

The subfamily Sphecomyrminae contains 9 fossil genera of stem ants. Most fossilized ants from Cretaceous amber were placed in this subfamily, however revisions in 2017 and 2020 removed several genera and added former members of the subfamily Armaniinae.[1][325][160]

Subfamily Sphecomyrminae Wilson & Brown, 1967
Genus name Binomial authority Classified No. of species Type species Example image Ref(s)

†Armania

Dlussky

1983

4

†Armania robusta

N/A

[326]

†Boltonimecia

Borysenko

2017

1

†Boltonimecia canadensis


†Boltonimecia canadensis

[327]

†Cretomyrma

Dlussky

1975

2

†Cretomyrma arnoldii

N/A

[328]

†Gerontoformica

Nel & Perrault

2004

13

†Gerontoformica cretacica


†Gerontoformica cretacica

[329]

†Orapia

Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn

2004

2

†Orapia rayneri


†Orapia rayneri

[189]

†Pseudarmania

Dlussky

1983

2

†Pseudarmania rasnitsyni

N/A

[326]

†Sphecomyrma

Wilson & Brown

1967

2

†Sphecomyrma freyi


†Sphecomyrma freyi

[330]

†Zigrasimecia

Barden & Grimaldi

2013

2

†Zigrasimecia tonsora


†Zigrasimecia tonsora

[325]

Incertae sedis

There are several ant genera where their taxonomic placement is uncertain (incertae sedis). These genera have not yet been assigned to any subfamily within Formicidae; 16 genera are currently listed as incertae sedis.[2]

Incertae sedis genera
Genus name Genus authority Described No. of species Type species Image Ref(s)

†Archaeopone

Dlussky

1975

2

†Archaeopone kzylzharica

N/A

[328]

†Baikuris

Dlussky

1987

4

†Baikuris mandibularis


†Baikuris mandibularis

[331]

†Calyptites

Scudder

1877

1

†Calyptites antediluvianum

N/A

[5][332]

†Camelomecia

Barden & Grimaldi

2016

1

†Camelomecia janovitzi
†Camelomecia janovitzi

[333]

†Cretopone

Dlussky

1975

1

†Cretopone magna


†Cretopone magna

[334]

†Curticorna[lower-alpha 5]

Hong

2002

1

†Curticorna leptogastrosa

N/A

[6][125]

†Dlusskyidris

Bolton

1994

1

†Dlusskyidris zherichini
†Dlusskyidris zherichini

[328][336]

†Eoaenictites[lower-alpha 6]

Hong

2002

1

†Eoaenictites castanifurvus

N/A

[125]

†Eoformica

Cockerell

1921

6

†Eoformica eocenica


†Eoformica pinguis

[260][338]

†Fonsecahymen

Martins-Neto & Mendes

2002

1

†Fonsecahymen stigmata

N/A

[339]

†Klondikia

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

2003

1

†Klondikia whiteae

N/A

[260]

†Kohlsimyrma

Dlussky & Rasnitsyn

2003

3

†Kohlsimyrma laticeps

N/A

[260]

†Myanmyrma

Engel & Grimaldi

2005

1

†Myanmyrma gracilis


†Myanmyrma gracilis

[34]

†Petropone

Dlussky

1975

1

†Petropone petiolata


†Petropone petiolata

[334]

†Poneropterus

Dlussky

1983

1

†Poneropterus sphecoides

N/A

[326]

Formerly included in Formicidae

There are several genera which were formerly placed in Formicidae, but have subsequently been removed. These genera are now placed in other families, are considered incertae sedis within Hymenoptera taxonomy, or are considered invalid.[340]

Excluded genera
Genus name Genus authority Described No. of species Type species Current placement Image Ref(s)

Condylodon

Lund

1831

1

Condylodon audouini

Unidentifiable, considered invalid by Bolton, 2020

N/A

[6][55]

†Dolichomyrma

Dlussky

1975

2

†Dolichomyrma longiceps

Incertae sedis in Aculeata

N/A

[328][327]

Hypochira

Buckley

1866

1

Formica subspinosa

Unidentifiable, considered invalid by Bolton, 2020

N/A

[341][342]

†Khetania

Dlussky

1999

1

†Khetania mandibulata

Incertae sedis in Aculeata

N/A

[343]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Includes one undescribed fossil species.[77]
  2. 1 2 †Formicium is considered a collective group name.[105]
  3. 1 2 The collective group names †Formicium and †Myrmeciites do not have designated type species per the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[106]
  4. 1 2 †Myrmeciites is considered a collective group name.[180]
  5. ↑ †Curticorna was placed in Dorylinae by Hong (2002), but this genus is "definitely not Dorylinae" according to Barry Bolton.[335] Dlussky & Wedmann (2012) suggest that Curticorna may belong to Ectatomminae.[13]
  6. ↑ †Eoaenictites was placed in Aenictinae (now Dorylinae) by Hong (2002), but this genus is "definitely not Aenictinae" according to Barry Bolton.[337]

References

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  2. 1 2 Bolton, B. (2014). "Formicidae". AntCat. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  3. ↑ Bolton, B. (2015). "Agroecomyrmecinae". AntCat. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  4. 1 2 Brown, W. L. Jr.; Kempf, W. W. (1968). "Tatuidris, a remarkable new genus of Formicidae (Hymenoptera)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 74: 183–190. doi:10.5281/zenodo.27017. Zenodo: 27017.
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  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bolton, B. (2003), "Synopsis and classification of Formicidae." (PDF), Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71: 1–370, ISBN 1-887988-15-7
  7. ↑ Donoso, D.A. (2012). "Additions to the taxonomy of the armadillo ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Tatuidris)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3503: 61–81. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3503.1.5.
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  66. ↑ Emery, C. (1913). "Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dolichoderinae" (PDF). Genera Insectorum. 137: 1–50.
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