St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the largest church in the world.[1]

Churches can be measured and compared in several different ways. These include area, volume, length, width, height, or capacity. Several churches individually claim to be "the largest church", which may be due to any one of these criteria.

Criteria for inclusion

  • The reason the edifice was built was for Christian religious services (see Church (building) for more detail)
    • Entries are included even if they currently do not function as a church. For example, the Hagia Sophia is included; it was originally built as a church but currently operates as a mosque.[lower-alpha 1]
    • Buildings that have become churches, but which were not built for that purpose, are not included; for example, the Lakewood Church building, which was originally built to be the Compaq Center.
  • The building must still be standing.
  • The building have a known floor area of more than 2,000 square metres (22,000 sq ft).
    • Internal floor area is measured to the internal face of the external walls.
    • External floor area is measured to the external face of the external walls.
    • A reliable source is present that states the building's area.
  • Not a Shrine, Tabernacle, Temple, or any other structures that function separately from a church.

List

Name Area (m2) Gross volume (m³) Capacity Built City Country Denomination Notes
Interior Exterior
St. Peter's Basilica 15,160[2] 21,095[2] 1,600,000[3] 60,000 standing, or 20,000 seated[4][5] 1506–1626 Vatican City  Vatican City Catholic (Latin) Largest church in the world. [1]
Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady Aparecida 12,000[6][7] 18,331[8][9] 1,200,000[10] 45,000 standing, or 30,000 seated [11][12][13] 1955–1980 Aparecida  Brazil Catholic (Latin) Largest cathedral in the world.[14]
Milan Cathedral 11,700[15][16] 440,000[17] 40,000 1386–1965 Milan  Italy Catholic (Latin)
Seville Cathedral 11,500[3] 23,500[18][lower-alpha 2] 500,000+ 1401–1528 Seville  Spain Catholic (Latin) It was a mosque before being rebuilt as a Catholic cathedral.[19][20]
Mosque-Cathedral of Cordova 23,400[21][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] 20,000[24] 785–1607 Cordova  Spain Catholic (Latin) Originally begun as a mosque in 785. Converted to a cathedral in 1236.[25][26]
Cathedral of St. John the Divine 11,241[27] 480,000[28] 8,600 1892–present New York City  United States Anglican (Episcopal Church in the U.S.) Unfinished.
Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń 10,090 300,000[29] 7,000[30] 1994–2004 Licheń Stary  Poland Catholic (Latin) 9,240 m2[29] or 10,090 m2
Liverpool Cathedral 9,687[31] 450,000 + 3,500 1904–1978 Liverpool  United Kingdom Anglican (Church of England)
Basilica of the Holy Trinity 8,700[32] 130,000 9,000 2004–2007 Fátima  Portugal Catholic (Latin) Area given as 12,000m²[10]
Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 8,515 4th–5th century; rebuilt 1825–1929 Rome  Italy Catholic (Latin)
Basilica-Cathedral of Our Lady of the Pillar 8,318[33] 1681–1872 Saragossa  Spain Catholic (Latin)
Florence Cathedral 8,300 1296–1436 Florence  Italy Catholic (Latin)
Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe 8,167 10,000 1974–1976 Mexico City  Mexico Catholic (Latin) Circular base of 102 m in diameter[34]
Cathedral of Our Lady 8,000[35] 1352–1521 Antwerp  Belgium Catholic (Latin)
Rio de Janeiro Cathedral 8,000[36] 20,000[36] 1964–1976 Rio de Janeiro  Brazil Catholic (Latin)
Basilica of the Sacred Heart 8,000 1905–1970 Koekelberg (Brussels)  Belgium Catholic (Latin)
Basilica of Our Lady of Peace 7,989 30,000[37] 18,000[38] 1985–1989 Yamoussoukro  Ivory Coast Catholic (Latin) The basilica proper is 7,989 m2.[39] Exterior area includes rectory and villa.
Hagia Sophia 7,960 255,800[40] 532–537 Istanbul  Turkey Eastern Orthodox (Greek) Byzantine church constructed in 537; converted to a mosque.
San Petronio Basilica 7,920 258,000 28,000 1390–1479 Bologna  Italy Catholic (Latin)
Cologne Cathedral 7,914 407,000[41] 1248–1880 Cologne  Germany Catholic (Latin)
St Paul's Cathedral 7,875[42] 1677–1708 London  United Kingdom Anglican (Church of England)
Washington National Cathedral 7,712[43] 1907–1990 Washington, DC  United States Anglican (Episcopal Church in the U.S.)
Amiens Cathedral 7,700[44] 200,000 (interior only) 1220–1270 Amiens  France Catholic (Latin) Gross volume slightly below 400,000
Abbey of Santa Giustina 7,700 1501–1606[45] Padua  Italy Catholic (Latin)
Cathedral of the Nativity 7,500[46] 135,000[47] 8,200 2017–2019 Cairo  Egypt Oriental Orthodox (Coptic) Largest Oriental Orthodox church in the world
Yoido Full Gospel 7,450 (estimated) 44,000+ 12,000 1973 Seoul  South Korea Protestant (Pentecostal) Largest Pentecostal church
St. Vitus Cathedral 7,440 1344–1929 Prague  Czech Republic Catholic (Latin)
Basilica Natn. Shrine of the Immaculate Conception 7,097[48] 10,234 10,000 1920–2017 Washington, DC  United States Catholic (Latin) Interior area only for the upper church / upper floor.[48]
Cathedral of La Plata 6,968 1884–1932 La Plata  Argentina Catholic (Latin) Largest church in Argentina
Saint Joseph's Oratory 6,825 1904–1967 Montreal  Canada Catholic (Latin) The largest church in Canada
Shrine of St. Paulina 6,740[49] 9,000[49] 6,000[50] 2003–2006 Nova Trento  Brazil Catholic (Latin)
Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral 6,732 1573–1813 Mexico City  Mexico Catholic (Latin)
Chartres Cathedral 6,700 10,875 1145–1220 Chartres  France Catholic (Latin)
Berlin Cathedral or Berliner Dom 6,270 [51] 2,000+ 1451–1905 Berlin  Germany Protestant (Lutheran) 116 meters high & 73 meters wide; city landmark.
Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota) 6,200 (estimated)[52] 1906–1915 St Paul, Minnesota  United States Catholic (Latin)
Immaculata Church 6,169[53] 1,580[53] 2020-2023 St. Marys, Kansas  United States Catholic (Latin) The largest SSPX Catholic church in the world
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels 6,038 1998–2002 Los Angeles  United States Catholic (Latin)
De Hoeksteen 6,020[54] 43,300 2,531 2007–2008 Barneveld  Netherlands Protestant (Calvinist)
People's Salvation Cathedral 6,000[55][56] 323,000[57][58][59] 7,000 2010–present Bucharest  Romania Eastern Orthodox (Romanian) Tallest and largest (by volume) Orthodox church building in the world.[60][61]
Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church 6,000 6,500 1991–2004 San Giovanni Rotondo  Italy Catholic (Latin) Vaulted church holding 6,500 seats
Ulm Minster 5,950 190,000 2,000 1377–1890 Ulm  Germany Protestant (Lutheran) Tallest church in the world[62]
York Minster 5,927[63] 1230–1472 York  United Kingdom Anglican (Church of England) Largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe.
Bourges Cathedral 5,900 1195–1230 Bourges  France Catholic (Latin)
Reims Cathedral 5,800 6,650 1211–1275 Reims  France Catholic (Latin) The longest church in France at 149.17m
São Paulo Cathedral 5,700[64] 8,000[65] 1913–1954 São Paulo  Brazil Catholic (Latin)
Esztergom Basilica 5,660 1822–1869 Esztergom  Hungary Catholic (Latin)
Diocesan Sanctuary of Our Lady of Guadalupe 5,414.58 1898–2008 Zamora, Michoacán  Mexico Catholic (Latin) Co-cathedral church of the diocese of Zamora.
Sagrada Familia 5,400 9,000 1882–present Barcelona  Spain Catholic (Latin) Unfinished; expected complete sometime after 2026.[66]
Strasbourg Cathedral 5,300 6,044 1015–1439 Strasbourg  France Catholic (Latin) World's tallest building from 1647 to 1874
Primate Cathedral of Bogotá 5,300 1807–1823 Bogotá  Colombia Catholic (Latin)
Palma Cathedral 5,200 160,000 (interior) 1220–1346 Palma, Majorca  Spain Catholic (Latin)
New Cathedral, Linz 5,170 20,000[67] 1862–1924 Linz  Austria Catholic (Latin)
Speyer Cathedral 5,038 1030–1103 Speyer  Germany Catholic (Latin) Added to the UNESCO World Heritage List
Provo ward conference center 5,038[68] 2012 Provo, Utah  United States The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [69]
Westminster Cathedral 5,017 3,000 1895–1910 London  United Kingdom Catholic (Latin) Largest Roman Catholic Church in the UK.
Medak Cathedral 5,000[70] 1914–1926 Medak  India Anglican (Church of South India)
Lincoln Cathedral 5,000 (estimated)[71] 1185–1311 Lincoln, England  United Kingdom Anglican (Church of England)
St. Mary's Church 5,000 155,000[72] 1343–1502 Gdańsk  Poland Catholic (Latin) Largest brick church in the world
Holy Trinity Cathedral 5,000 137,000 1995–2004 Tbilisi  Georgia Eastern Orthodox (Georgian)
Winchester Cathedral 4,968[73] 1079–1525 Winchester  United Kingdom Anglican (Church of England) The longest Gothic cathedral in Europe[74]
Notre Dame de Paris 4,800 5,500 9,000 1163–1345; 2019–present (reconstruction) Paris  France Catholic (Latin) Roof and main spire destroyed by fire on 15 April 2019
Almudena Cathedral 4,800 1883–1993 Madrid  Spain Catholic (Latin) It has a north–south orientation instead of east–west.
Dresden Cathedral 4,800 1739–1755 Dresden  Germany Catholic (Latin) Largest church in all of Saxony
Basilica of St. Thérèse, Lisieux 4,500 1929–1954 Lisieux  France Catholic (Latin)
Basilica de San Martin de Tours (Taal) 4,320[75] 1856–1878 Taal, Batangas  Philippines Catholic (Latin) Largest Catholic church in Asia
Ely Cathedral, Cambridgeshire 4,273[76] 1083–1375 Ely  United Kingdom Anglican (Church of England)
Frauenkirche 4,188 185,000–190,000[77] 1468–1525 Munich  Germany Catholic (Latin)
Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart 4,181[78] 2,000[78] 1898–1954 Newark, New Jersey  United States Catholic (Latin)
Se Cathedral 4,180 1619–1640 Goa, India  India Catholic (Latin)
St. Stephen's Basilica 4,147 1851–1906 Budapest  Hungary Catholic (Latin)
Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis (St. Louis) 4,130 1907–1914 St. Louis  United States Catholic (Latin) Mosaics 7,700 square meters
Saint Isaac's Cathedral 4,000 +[79] 7,000 260,000 1818–1858 Saint Petersburg  Russia Eastern Orthodox (Russian) Built as a cathedral, now a museum
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour 3,980[80] 6,829.3[80] 101,992[80] 9,500[80] 1839–1883 Moscow  Russia Eastern Orthodox (Russian) Rebuilt from 1995 to 2000
Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan 3,822 1997–2001 Yerevan  Armenia Oriental Orthodox (Armenian)
Holy Name of Jesus Cathedral 3,820 2015–2018 Raleigh  United States Catholic (Latin)
Catedral Evangelica de Chile or Jotabeche Cathedral 3,714.91 [81][82] 7,000[83][84] 1967–1974 Santiago de Chile  Chile Protestant (Pentecostal) Largest capacity in Chile; national historic monument since 2013.[85][81][86][87][88]
Church of Saint Sava 3,650[89] 4,830[90] 170,000[91] 1935–1989 Belgrade  Serbia Eastern Orthodox (Serbian) Largest church in the Balkans
Blessed Stanley Rother Shrine 3,512[92] 1,859 2021–2022 Oklahoma City  United States Catholic (Latin)
Uppsala Cathedral 3,439[93] 4,077[93] 50,000 excluding towers[93] 2,200[93] 1273-1435 Uppsala  Sweden Church of Sweden Largest Cathedral in northern Europe. Height 118,7m, Length 118,95 m.[94]
Yeonmudae Catholic Church 3,360 2008–2009 Korea Army Training Center  South Korea Catholic (Latin) The largest church in East Asia
Grace Cathedral 3,357[95] 1910–1964 San Francisco  United States Anglican (Episcopal Church in the U.S.)
Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul (Lewiston, Maine) 3,264 2,200 1906–1936 Lewiston, Maine  United States Catholic (Latin) Largest church in the State of Maine, still serves mass in French.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral 3,170[96] 86,000[97] 1882–1912 Sofia  Bulgaria Eastern Orthodox (Bulgaria)
St. Charles Borromeo (Visalia) 3,159[98] 3,148 seated[99] 2011–2023[100] Visalia, California  United States Catholic (Latin) Largest Catholic parish church in North America.
Christ Cathedral 3,030[101] 1977–1980 Garden Grove, California  United States Catholic (Latin) Formerly known as the Crystal Cathedral. Consecrated as the Christ Cathedral[102]
Westminster Abbey 2,972[103] 2,200[104] 960–c. 18 cent. London  United Kingdom Anglican (Church of England)
Sümi Baptist Church, Zünheboto 2,885 8,500 2007–2017 Zunheboto, Nagaland  India Protestant (Baptist)
St Andrew's Cathedral, Patras 2,600[105] 1908–1974 Patras  Greece Eastern Orthodox (Greek) 1,900 m2 on the ground floor and additionally 700 m2 on the first level (used as a gynaeconitis)
St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan) 2,500 2,400[106] 1858–1878 New York City, New York  United States Catholic (Latin)
Beomeo Cathedral 2,463 2013–2016 Daegu  South Korea Catholic (Latin)
Helsinki Cathedral 2,400 1,300 1869–1887 Helsinki  Finland Protestant (Lutheran)
Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi (Santa Fe) 2,322 1869–1887 Santa Fe, New Mexico  United States Catholic (Latin)
Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica 2,300 1929–2005 Thrissur  India Catholic (Syro-Malabar) It has the third tallest tower in Asia
St. John's Church, Seongnam 2,260 1994–2002 Seongnam  South Korea Catholic (Latin) Until 2009, largest church in East Asia
Basilica of St. John the Baptist 2,135 64,040[107] 1839–1855 St. John's  Canada Catholic (Latin)
St. Joseph Cathedral 2,125 1941 San Diego  United States Catholic (Latin)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Hagia Sophia was constructed in 360 and operated as a church until 1453 when it was converted into a mosque. In 1935 the Hagia Sophia was reconstituted as a museum open to the public. After this decision was annulled in 2020, the status of the Hagia Sophia reverted to that of a mosque.
  2. 1 2 The external floor area also includes the courtyards.
  3. ↑ Estimates sometimes vary from source to source, from 22,250 square metres[22] to 24,000 square metres.[23]

References

  1. 1 2 "St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy". reidsitaly.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Rome day 3". ar-tour.com. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  3. 1 2 Smil, Vaclav (2019). Growth: From Microorganisms to Megacities. MIT Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-262-53968-5.
  4. ↑ "Saint Peter's Basilica, Rome: History, Architecture". www.visual-arts-cork.com. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  5. ↑ "Take Amazing 360° Tour of St. Peter's in Vatican City From Your Chair". National Geographic. 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  6. ↑ "Top 10 Largest Churches in the World". The Mysterious World. 26 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  7. ↑ HAUS. "Santuário e Basílica de Nossa Senhora Aparecida em números". Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  8. ↑ "Santuário em números - A12.com". www.a12.com. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  9. ↑ "Brazil's giant basilica is backdrop for Pope visit". Reuters. 6 May 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  10. 1 2 "Faith". Times Online. 13 March 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  11. ↑ "Santuário em números". a12.com (in Portuguese). Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  12. ↑ "Santuário N.Sra.Aparecida". Cronicas Macaenses (in Brazilian Portuguese). 14 October 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  13. ↑ yitsadmin (13 June 2022). "Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida, São Paulo, Brazil". Catholic Shrine Basilica. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  14. ↑ "Papa concede ao Santuário Nacional título de Igreja-Catedral - A12.com". www.a12.com. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  15. ↑ "I NUMERI DEL DUOMO DI MILANO" [The Numbers of the Duomo of Milan] (in Italian). International Patrons of Duomo of Milan.
  16. ↑ "Donations". adottaunaguglia.duomomilano.it. Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo di Milano. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
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  20. ↑ "Largest Roman Catholic cathedral".
  21. ↑ Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter, eds. (2011). Islam: Art and Architecture. h.f.ullmann. p. 227. ISBN 9783848003808.
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  26. ↑ Silverman, Helaine (2011). "The Stratigraphy of Forgetting: The Great Mosque of Cordoba and Its Contested Legacy". Contested Cultural Heritage: Religion, Nationalism, Erasure, and Exclusion in a Global World. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 51–55. ISBN 978-1-4419-7305-4.
  27. ↑ Ellis, Edward Robb (21 December 2004). The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History. Basic Books. p. 413. ISBN 978-0786714360.
  28. ↑ Ellis, Edward Robb Edgewood Apartments p. 413
  29. 1 2 9,240 m² of Lichen Basilica: enclosed main floor includes transept and apse at 290 m², enclosed tower floor at 560 m², open tower and gallery floor at 23,000 m² (which excludes the porticos at 530 m²), total area includes all floors "Sanktuarium Maryjne w Licheniu" (in Polish). Marian Sanctuary in Licheń. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  30. ↑ "Pope Consecrates 7,000-Seat Cathedral, Poland's Biggest". Los Angeles Times. 8 June 1999. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  31. ↑ "Cathedral". Liverpool Cathedral. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  32. ↑ Carvalho, António PO; Freitas, Diamantino (10 July 2003). "The New Megachurch for the Sanctuary of Fátima" (PDF). Tenth International Congress on Sound and Vibration. Stockholm: University of Porto. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  33. ↑ "La Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Pilar" [The Basilica of Our Lady of Pilar]. InfoGoya (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  34. ↑ "Basílica de Guadalupe | Santuario". Virgen de Guadalupe. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  35. ↑ "Art & Architecture: Facts and Figures". De Kathedraal. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  36. 1 2 "Um pouco mais da Catedral – Catedral Metropolitana de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  37. ↑ "The world's most extreme structures". The Guardian. 17 June 2004. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  38. ↑ "Our Lady of Peace Basilica, Yamoussoukro". 12 January 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  39. ↑ "Basilica of Our Lady of Peace Yamoussoukro". Emporis: Buildings. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  40. ↑ Wieslaw Woszczyk (27 January 2014). "Aural Architecture: Music, Acoustics, and Ritual" (PDF). Onassis Seminar on music acoustics and ritual. Stanford University. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  41. ↑ "The Cathedral's dimensions". Dierk's page. 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  42. ↑ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Basilica of St. Peter" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  43. ↑ "Architectural History". Washington National Cathedral. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  44. ↑ "Amiens Cathedral". International Database and Gallery of Structures. Nicholas Janberg. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  45. ↑ "Basilica e Abbazia di Santa Giustina" [Basilica and Abbey of Santa Giustina]. D Padova (in Italian).
  46. ↑ "Biggest Cathedral in the Middle East to be Inaugurated in New Administrative Capital". Egyptianstreets.com. 4 January 2019.
  47. ↑ "New Cairo's new cathedral: "Cathedral of the Nativity has opened"". Proavl-mea.com. 1 May 2019.
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  49. 1 2 "História – Santuário Santa Paulina" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
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  51. ↑ "Berliner Dom - the most beautiful church in Germany".
  52. ↑ 307 ft by 216 ft
  53. 1 2 "A New Immaculata Church". Civium Architecture & Planning. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  54. ↑ "GGiN Barneveld | Van Beijnum Architecten" (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  55. ↑ "O catedrală pentru capitală" [A Capital Cathedral]. Cathedral of Salvation of the Nation (in Romanian). Romanian Orthodox Church. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
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  58. ↑ Vlad, Fiscuțean (25 November 2018). "The top churches in the world: People's Salvation Cathedral, height 135 m and gross volume 323,000 m3". Dcnews.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 5 September 2020.
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  80. 1 2 3 4 "ХРАМ ХРИСТА СПАСИТЕЛЯ". new.xxc.ru. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
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  83. ↑ Ted Esler (1 October 1993). "Global Report: Latin America's Megachurches". Missio Nexus. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  84. ↑ Synan, Vinson (2001). In the Latter Days: The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the Twentieth Century. Xulon Press. ISBN 9781931232708.
  85. ↑ "World's Largest Congregation: A Cathedral in Chile". 17 January 1975.
  86. ↑ Synan, V. (2001). In the Latter Days: The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the Twentieth Century. Xulon Press.
  87. ↑ "How U.S.-style megachurches are taking over the world, in 5 maps and charts - The Washington Post". The Washington Post.
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  89. ↑ "Храм у простору и бројевима". hramsvetogsave.rs. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  90. ↑ Official cadastre, parcel 18919/2 Church of Saint Sava
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  92. ↑ "Cooper Project Advisors | The Blessed Stanley Rother Shrine". Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  93. 1 2 3 4 "Uppsala domkyrkas mått". www.svenskakyrkan.se (in Swedish). 22 November 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
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  95. ↑ Lampen, Michael. "Architecture". Grace Cathedral. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  96. ↑ "I love early morning Sofia". Hitotoki. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010. The church occupies an area of 3170 m² and can accommodate up to 5,000 worshippers inside, which makes it the second biggest cathedral on the Balkan Peninsula after the Temple of Saint Sava in Serbia
  97. ↑ "Patriarchal cathedral stauropigial memorial church St. Alexander Nevsky" (PDF). 15 века БЪЛГАРИЯ [15 Century Bulgaria Foundation]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2018.
  98. ↑ Wainwright, Oliver (3 February 2023). "'Our own little Vatican': inside the biggest Catholic parish church in North America". The Guardian.
  99. ↑ Seed, John (20 February 2023). "The Art in America's Largest Catholic Parish Church". Hyperallergic.
  100. ↑ Wainwright, Oliver (3 February 2023). "'Our own little Vatican': inside the biggest Catholic parish church in North America". The Guardian.
  101. ↑ Jones, Rennie (6 November 2013). "AD Classics: The Crystal Cathedral / Philip Johnson". Arch Daily. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  102. ↑ "Christ Cathedral: A Galvanizing Cultural Icon and Center for Worship". Christ Catholic Cathedral.
  103. ↑ "Abbey Dimensions" (PDF). Westminster Abbey.
  104. ↑ Pixeltocode. Uk, Pixeltocode. "Royal Weddings | Abadía de Westminster". Westminster Abbey.
  105. ↑ Dr. Charis Alk. Apostolopoulos, Laboratory of technology and strength of Materials, University of Patras, Article with title "Historical data from construction - damages in the structure of the new church of Saint Andrew in Patras", Proceedings of 3rd National Conference "Mild interventions for the protection of historic structures. New Design Trends", Ministry of Culture, Thessaloniki 2009, page 445 (pdf article in Greek).
  106. ↑ Breen, Virginia (15 March 2020). "'An Eerie Quiet' at NYC Churches as Clergy Cancel Services". THE CITY. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  107. ↑ "Geology of the Catholic Basilica of St. John the Baptist, St. John's, Newfoundland" (PDF). Geoscience Canada. Geological Association of Canada. 31 (1): 1–10. March 2004. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
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